在配置我们的应用程序时,通常定义该字段的方式是 与字段的使用方式相同:
data CfgMyHostName = CfgMyHostName Text
其他时候,它们有所不同。让我们在类型类中将其正式化:
data UsagePhase = ConfigTime | RunTime -- Used for promotion to types
class Config (a :: UsagePhase -> *) where
type Phase (p :: UsagePhase) a = r | r -> a
toRunTime :: Phase ConfigTime a -> IO (Phase RunTime a)
data DatabaseConfig (p :: UsagePhase)
instance Config DatabaseConfig where
type Phase ConfigTime DatabaseConfig = ConnectInfo
type Phase RunTime DatabaseConfig = ConnectionPool
toRunTime = connect
典型的服务配置有许多字段,每个类别都有一些字段。 参数化我们将组合在一起的较小组件 让我们将大复合记录写入一次,而不是两次(一次 对于配置规范,一次用于运行时数据)。这是 类似于“成长的树”论文中的想法:
data UiServerConfig (p :: UsagePhase) = CfgUiServerC {
userDatabase :: Phase p DatabaseConfig
cmsDatabase :: Phase p DatabaseConfig
...
kinesisStream :: Phase p KinesisConfig
myHostName :: CfgMyHostName
myPort :: Int
}
UiServerConfig
是我想要配置的众多此类服务之一,因此它
为此类记录类型派生 Generic
并添加一个
Config
类的默认 toRunTime
实现。这是哪里
我们陷入困境。
给定一个参数化类型,例如 data Foo f = Foo { foo::TypeFn f Int, bar::String}
,
我如何一般地导出对任何类型的遍历,例如 Foo
,它会影响
每个 TypeFn
记录字段(递归)?
作为我困惑的一个例子,我尝试像这样使用 generics-sop:
gToRunTime :: (Generic a, All2 Config xs)
=> Phase ConfigTime xs
-> IO (Phase RunTime xs)
gToRunTime = undefined
此操作失败,因为 xs::[[*]]
,但 Config
采用类型参数 a::ConfigPhase -> *
任何有关阅读什么内容以解决问题的提示都将不胜感激。满的 解决方案也是可以接受的:)
最佳答案
编辑:更新为自动派生 AtoB
类。
这是一个似乎有效的解决方案。
没有 Monad 的通用相位映射
以下是准备工作:
{-# LANGUAGE DataKinds, DeriveGeneric, FlexibleContexts,
FlexibleInstances, KindSignatures, MultiParamTypeClasses,
StandaloneDeriving, TypeFamilies, TypeFamilyDependencies,
TypeSynonymInstances, UndecidableInstances #-}
{-# OPTIONS_GHC -Wall #-}
import qualified GHC.Generics as GHC
import Generics.SOP
现在,假设我们有一个阶段
:
data Phase = A | B
和字段的选择器
:
data Selector = Bar | Baz
有一个类型类,它具有(1)一个关联的类型族,提供与每个可能阶段的选择器关联的具体字段类型,以及(2)一个用于阶段之间映射的接口(interface):
class IsField (sel :: Selector) where
type Field (p :: Phase) sel = r | r -> sel
fieldAtoB :: Field 'A sel -> Field 'B sel
给定一条记录,其中包含包含 Field
和非 Field
的通用实例
data Foo p = Foo { bar :: Field p 'Bar
, baz :: Field p 'Baz
, num :: Int
} deriving (GHC.Generic)
deriving instance Show (Foo 'A)
deriving instance Show (Foo 'B)
instance Generic (Foo p)
和一个 Foo 'A
值:
foo0 :: Foo 'A
foo0 = Foo (BarA ()) (BazA ()) 1
我们想要定义一个通用的相位映射gAtoB
:
foo1 :: Foo 'B
foo1 = gAtoB foo0
使用来自 IsField
类型类的每场相位图 fieldAtoB
。
关键步骤是定义一个单独的类型类AtoB
,专用于A
到-B
阶段的转换,以充当桥梁IsField
类型类。此 AtoB
类型类将与 generics-sop
机制结合使用,以约束/匹配具体相 A
和 B
逐个字段键入并分派(dispatch)到适当的 fieldAtoB
阶段映射函数。这是类(class):
class AtoB aty bty where
fieldAtoB' :: aty -> bty
幸运的是,可以自动为 Field
派生实例,尽管它需要(大多数无害的)UndecidableInstances
扩展:
instance (IsField sel, Field 'A sel ~ aty, Field 'B sel ~ bty)
=> AtoB aty bty where
fieldAtoB' = fieldAtoB
我们可以为非Field
定义一个实例:
instance {-# OVERLAPPING #-} AtoB ty ty where
fieldAtoB' = id
请注意此处的一个限制 - 如果您在不同阶段定义具有相同具体类型的 Field
,则将使用带有 fieldAtoB' = id
的重叠实例,并且 fieldAtoB
将被忽略。
现在,对于一个特定的选择器Bar
,其底层类型在各个阶段应为BarA
和BarB
,我们可以定义以下IsField
实例:
-- Bar field
data BarA = BarA () deriving (Show) -- Field 'A 'Bar
data BarB = BarB () deriving (Show) -- Field 'B 'Bar
instance IsField 'Bar where
type Field 'A 'Bar = BarA -- defines the per-phase field types for 'Bar
type Field 'B 'Bar = BarB
fieldAtoB (BarA ()) = (BarB ()) -- defines the field phase map
我们可以为 Baz
提供类似的定义:
-- Baz field
data BazA = BazA () deriving (Show)
data BazB = BazB () deriving (Show)
instance IsField 'Baz where
type Field 'A 'Baz = BazA
type Field 'B 'Baz = BazB
fieldAtoB (BazA ()) = (BazB ())
现在,我们可以像这样定义通用的 gAtoB
转换:
gAtoB :: (Generic (rcrd 'A), Code (rcrd 'A) ~ xssA,
Generic (rcrd 'B), Code (rcrd 'B) ~ xssB,
AllZip2 AtoB xssA xssB)
=> rcrd 'A -> rcrd 'B
gAtoB = to . gAtoBS . from
where
gAtoBS :: (AllZip2 AtoB xssA xssB) => SOP I xssA -> SOP I xssB
gAtoBS (SOP (Z xs)) = SOP (Z (gAtoBP xs))
gAtoBS (SOP (S _)) = error "not implemented"
gAtoBP :: (AllZip AtoB xsA xsB) => NP I xsA -> NP I xsB
gAtoBP Nil = Nil
gAtoBP (I x :* xs) = I (fieldAtoB' x) :* gAtoBP xs
可能有一种方法可以使用generics-sop
组合器而不是这个显式定义来做到这一点,但我无法弄清楚。
无论如何,gAtoB
适用于 Foo
记录,根据上面 foo1
的定义,但它也适用于 Quux
记录:
data Quux p = Quux { bar2 :: Field p 'Bar
, num2 :: Int
} deriving (GHC.Generic)
deriving instance Show (Quux 'A)
deriving instance Show (Quux 'B)
instance Generic (Quux p)
quux0 :: Quux 'A
quux0 = Quux (BarA ()) 2
quux1 :: Quux 'B
quux1 = gAtoB quux0
main :: IO ()
main = do
print foo0
print foo1
print quux0
print quux1
请注意,我使用了 Selector
数据类型的选择器,但您可以将其重写为使用 (a::Phase -> *)
类型的选择器,正如我在最后的示例中所做的那样。
Monad 上的通用阶段遍历
现在,您需要通过 IO
monad 来实现这一点。这是一个修改后的版本:
{-# LANGUAGE DataKinds, DeriveGeneric, FlexibleContexts,
FlexibleInstances, KindSignatures, MultiParamTypeClasses,
StandaloneDeriving, TypeFamilies, TypeFamilyDependencies,
TypeSynonymInstances, UndecidableInstances #-}
{-# OPTIONS_GHC -Wall #-}
import qualified GHC.Generics as GHC
import Generics.SOP
import Control.Applicative
data Phase = A | B
data Selector = Bar | Baz
class IsField (sel :: Selector) where
type Field (p :: Phase) sel = r | r -> sel
fieldAtoB :: Field 'A sel -> IO (Field 'B sel)
data Foo p = Foo { bar :: Field p 'Bar
, baz :: Field p 'Baz
, num :: Int
} deriving (GHC.Generic)
deriving instance Show (Foo 'A)
deriving instance Show (Foo 'B)
instance Generic (Foo p)
foo0 :: Foo 'A
foo0 = Foo (BarA ()) (BazA ()) 1
foo1 :: IO (Foo 'B)
foo1 = gAtoB foo0
-- fieldAtoB :: Field 'A sel -> Field 'B sel
class AtoB aty bty where
fieldAtoB' :: aty -> IO bty
instance (IsField sel, Field 'A sel ~ aty, Field 'B sel ~ bty) => AtoB aty bty where
fieldAtoB' = fieldAtoB
instance {-# OVERLAPPING #-} AtoB ty ty where
fieldAtoB' = return
-- Bar field
data BarA = BarA () deriving (Show) -- Field 'A 'Bar
data BarB = BarB () deriving (Show) -- Field 'B 'Bar
instance IsField 'Bar where -- defines the per-phase field types for 'Bar
type Field 'A 'Bar = BarA
type Field 'B 'Bar = BarB
fieldAtoB (BarA ()) = return (BarB ()) -- defines the field phase map
-- Baz field
data BazA = BazA () deriving (Show)
data BazB = BazB () deriving (Show)
instance IsField 'Baz where
type Field 'A 'Baz = BazA
type Field 'B 'Baz = BazB
fieldAtoB (BazA ()) = return (BazB ())
gAtoB :: (Generic (rcrd 'A), Code (rcrd 'A) ~ xssA,
Generic (rcrd 'B), Code (rcrd 'B) ~ xssB,
AllZip2 AtoB xssA xssB)
=> rcrd 'A -> IO (rcrd 'B)
gAtoB r = to <$> (gAtoBS (from r))
where
gAtoBS :: (AllZip2 AtoB xssA xssB) => SOP I xssA -> IO (SOP I xssB)
gAtoBS (SOP (Z xs)) = SOP . Z <$> gAtoBP xs
gAtoBS (SOP (S _)) = error "not implemented"
gAtoBP :: (AllZip AtoB xsA xsB) => NP I xsA -> IO (NP I xsB)
gAtoBP Nil = return Nil
gAtoBP (I x :* xs) = I <$> fieldAtoB' x <**> pure (:*) <*> gAtoBP xs
data Quux p = Quux { bar2 :: Field p 'Bar
, num2 :: Int
} deriving (GHC.Generic)
deriving instance Show (Quux 'A)
deriving instance Show (Quux 'B)
instance Generic (Quux p)
quux0 :: Quux 'A
quux0 = Quux (BarA ()) 2
quux1 :: IO (Quux 'B)
quux1 = gAtoB quux0
main :: IO ()
main = do
print foo0
foo1val <- foo1
print foo1val
print quux0
quux1val <- quux1
print quux1val
适应您的问题
这是一个重写的版本,以尽可能接近您的原始设计。同样,一个关键限制是具有相同配置时间和运行时类型的 Config
将使用 toRunTime' = return
而不是其 Config 中给出的任何其他定义
实例。
{-# LANGUAGE DataKinds, DeriveGeneric, FlexibleContexts,
FlexibleInstances, KindSignatures, MultiParamTypeClasses,
StandaloneDeriving, TypeFamilies, TypeFamilyDependencies,
TypeSynonymInstances, UndecidableInstances #-}
{-# OPTIONS_GHC -Wall #-}
import qualified GHC.Generics as GHC
import Generics.SOP
import Control.Applicative
data UsagePhase = ConfigTime | RunTime
class Config (sel :: UsagePhase -> *) where
type Phase (p :: UsagePhase) sel = r | r -> sel
toRunTime :: Phase 'ConfigTime sel -> IO (Phase 'RunTime sel)
class ConfigRun cty rty where
toRunTime' :: cty -> IO rty
instance (Config (sel :: UsagePhase -> *),
Phase 'ConfigTime sel ~ cty,
Phase 'RunTime sel ~ rty) => ConfigRun cty rty where
toRunTime' = toRunTime
instance {-# OVERLAPPING #-} ConfigRun ty ty where
toRunTime' = return
-- DatabaseConfig field
data DatabaseConfig (p :: UsagePhase)
data ConnectInfo = ConnectInfo () deriving (Show)
data ConnectionPool = ConnectionPool () deriving (Show)
instance Config DatabaseConfig where
type Phase 'ConfigTime DatabaseConfig = ConnectInfo
type Phase 'RunTime DatabaseConfig = ConnectionPool
toRunTime (ConnectInfo ()) = return (ConnectionPool ())
-- KinesisConfig field
data KinesisConfig (p :: UsagePhase)
data KinesisInfo = KinesisInfo () deriving (Show)
data KinesisStream = KinesisStream () deriving (Show)
instance Config KinesisConfig where
type Phase 'ConfigTime KinesisConfig = KinesisInfo
type Phase 'RunTime KinesisConfig = KinesisStream
toRunTime (KinesisInfo ()) = return (KinesisStream ())
-- CfgMyHostName field
data CfgMyHostName = CfgMyHostName String deriving (Show)
data UiServerConfig (p :: UsagePhase) = CfgUiServerC
{ userDatabase :: Phase p DatabaseConfig
, cmsDatabase :: Phase p DatabaseConfig
, kinesisStream :: Phase p KinesisConfig
, myHostName :: CfgMyHostName
, myPort :: Int
} deriving (GHC.Generic)
deriving instance Show (UiServerConfig 'ConfigTime)
deriving instance Show (UiServerConfig 'RunTime)
instance Generic (UiServerConfig p)
gToRunTime :: (Generic (rcrd 'ConfigTime), Code (rcrd 'ConfigTime) ~ xssA,
Generic (rcrd 'RunTime), Code (rcrd 'RunTime) ~ xssB,
AllZip2 ConfigRun xssA xssB)
=> rcrd 'ConfigTime -> IO (rcrd 'RunTime)
gToRunTime r = to <$> (gToRunTimeS (from r))
where
gToRunTimeS :: (AllZip2 ConfigRun xssA xssB) => SOP I xssA -> IO (SOP I xssB)
gToRunTimeS (SOP (Z xs)) = SOP . Z <$> gToRunTimeP xs
gToRunTimeS (SOP (S _)) = error "not implemented"
gToRunTimeP :: (AllZip ConfigRun xsA xsB) => NP I xsA -> IO (NP I xsB)
gToRunTimeP Nil = return Nil
gToRunTimeP (I x :* xs) = I <$> toRunTime' x <**> pure (:*) <*> gToRunTimeP xs
cfg0 :: UiServerConfig 'ConfigTime
cfg0 = CfgUiServerC (ConnectInfo ()) (ConnectInfo ()) (KinesisInfo())
(CfgMyHostName "localhost") 10
main :: IO ()
main = do
print cfg0
run0 <- gToRunTime cfg0
print run0
关于haskell - 如何导出涉及类型族的泛型遍历,我们在Stack Overflow上找到一个类似的问题: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/51388962/