java - 如何签署 Java Midlet？

Question

一个简单的问题，一个相当复杂的答案:

如何对 Java Midlet 进行签名，以便将其加载到安全提示较少的手机上？

Answer 1

获取所需的软件

1. Java SDK (JDK)来自Sun (你应该已经有了这个)
2. Java Wireless Toolkit (WTK)也来自 Sun
3. (可选)获取并安装 Ant和 Antenna允许您自动化构建(我强烈推荐这些)

导入现有证书(如果有)

1. 如果您从 Verisign(或其他提供商)购买了证书，则需要将该证书导入您的 J2SE keystore 。
2. 尝试使用以下命令 keytool -import -alias {myalias} -file {mycertificate} (由于没有适当的证书，我无法对此进行测试)
3. 运行keytool -list查看您的新证书
4. 接下来，您必须导出证书，以便将其导入到您的手机
5. 运行keytool -export -alias {myalias} -file mycertificate.crt
6. 将证书导入您的手机(详情见下文)

创建并导入新的(测试)证书

1. 您需要使用keytool (来自 JDK)
2. 我使用了以下命令 keytool -genkey -alias {myalias} -keyalg RSA -validity 365
3. 系统会提示您输入 keystore 密码，请输入您的 keystore 密码(如果您有现有 keystore )或您想要使用的密码(如果您还没有 keystore )
4. 填写有关地点/公司名称等的所有提示。
5. 运行keytool -list查看您的新证书
6. 接下来，您必须导出证书，以便将其导入到您的手机
7. 运行keytool -export -alias {myalias} -file mycertificate.crt
8. 将证书导入您的手机(详情见下文)

C:\j2sdk1.4.2_08\bin>keytool -genkey -alias company -keyalg RSA -validity 365
Enter keystore password: password
What is your first and last name? [Unknown]: My Name
What is the name of your organizational unit? [Unknown]: company
What is the name of your organization? [Unknown]: company
What is the name of your City or Locality? [Unknown]: location
What is the name of your State or Province? [Unknown]: location2
What is the two-letter country code for this unit? [Unknown]: GB
Is CN=My Name, OU=company, O=company, L=location, ST=location2, C=GB correct? [no]: yes
Enter key password for (RETURN if same as keystore password):

构建并打包应用程序

1. 使用 javac 构建 MIDlet 时要特别注意类路径和 bootclasspath 选项(否则预验证将失败)。我还将目标设置为 1.1，源设置为 1.3
2. 生成 JAD 文件，JAD 中的关键属性是 MIDlet-Jar-URL、MIDlet-Jar-Size、MIDlet-Permissions 我们还包括 MIDlet-Icon、MicroEdition-Configuration、MicroEdition-Profile、MIDlet-Name、MIDlet-Push-1、MIDlet-Icon、MIDlet-Description 和 MIDlet-版本
3. 根据您的 JAD 生成 MANIFEST.MF 文件，您必须删除 MIDlet-Jar-Size 和 MIDlet-Jar-URL
<li>Both these tasks can be completed using the wtkJad Antenna task</li> <li>Package and preverify the app using the wtkPackage Antenna Task you must set the classpath and bootclasspath properties correctly otherwise Preverification will fail</li>

<p><strong>Sign the application</strong></p> <ol> <li>Sign the Application using <a href="http://java.sun.com/j2se/1.4.2/docs/tooldocs/windows/jarsigner.html" rel="noreferrer noopener nofollow"><code>jarsigner</code></a></li> <li>Run <code>jarsigner -keystore {mykeystore} -storepass (mypassword} {myjar} {myalias}</code></li> <li>Now you have a signed jar you need to update the <code>MIDlet-Jar-Size</code> in your JAD</li> <li>Now add the certificate to the JAD using <a href="http://java.sun.com/j2me/docs/wtk2.2/docs/UserGuide-html/commandline.html" rel="noreferrer noopener nofollow"><code>JadTool.jar</code></a> from the WTK</li> <li>Run <code>java -jar JadTool.jar -addcert -alias {myalias} -storepass {mypassword} -keystore {mykeystore} -inputjad {myinputjad} -outputjad {myoutputjad}</code></li> <li>Now add the signature to the JAD again using <a href="http://java.sun.com/j2me/docs/wtk2.2/docs/UserGuide-html/commandline.html" rel="noreferrer noopener nofollow"><code>JadTool.jar</code></a></li> <li>Run <code>java -jar JadTool.jar -addjarsig -alias {myalias} -jarfile {myjar} -storepass {mypassword} -keypass {mypassword} -keystore {mykeystore} -inputjad {myinputjad} -outputjad {myoutputjad}</code></li> </ol> <p><strong>Deployment</strong></p> <ol> <li>Deploy this to a web server with the MIME types set correctly and download it to your phone and it will be a trusted 3rd party application</li> <li>You can also deploy applications to phones by sending the JAR & JAD to the phone over Bluetooth or Infrared or a cable depending on your phones features. On Nokia phones the files appear in your SMS Inbox</li> </ol> <p><strong>Installing the Certificate on the phone</strong></p> <ol> <li>Import the certificate into your phone, in Windows XP SP2 I could do this by right clicking the file and selecting "Send to Bluetooth Device", you should be able to send files by cable or Infra Red (IR) too. NB: I haven't found anyway of importing a certificate on a Series 40 phone</li> <li>Once the certificate is installed it needs to be authorised for "Application Installation". On my phone (Nokia 6680) this is under Tools->Settings->Certificate Management->Trust Settings, I turned on everything but I think "Application Installation" is all you need</li> </ol> <p><strong>Common Problems</strong></p> <ol> <li>Application not installed using the JAD: The application is only trusted if it is installed using the JAD, the application will still install from the jar but it won't be trusted.</li> <li>Application trust settings not set: Once your application is installed you need to specify how much trust to give it (it doesn't get all permissions by default). On a Nokia Series 60 phone these are found under the App. Manager.</li> <li>Root certificate missing from phone: The Java Verified certificate and/or Verisign certificates are missing from some phones check under Tools->Settings->Certificate Management for the relevant certificate</li> <li>Authorization Failed: - There are a whole host of possible reasons behind this here are the ones I've come across <ol> <li>Certificate missing from phone, double check your certificate is installed and has been marked as trusted for application installs in Certificate Management</li> <li>Reboot: Uninstall the application completely then reboot your phone try taking the battery and SIM out too, often things get themselves in a twist, especially if you've been re-installing a lot without uninstalling first</li> <li>JAD/JAR mismatch: Double check the application size in the JAD, remember it's the number of bytes that is important NOT the size on disk</li> <li>Browser cache: If you're installing over the air make sure you clear your browser cache before installing</li> <li>I've heard but not verified that line breaks in the <code>MIDlet-Permissions</code> can cause problems but it seems ok to me on Nokia 6680/6630/6230i (could be firmware dependent?)</li> <li>The <code>MIDlet-Permissions</code> attribute is the cause of a lot of problems (especially since the documentation is often wrong/missing or different depending on the phone), try leaving it out first and add permissions in one at a time. Some phones will complain about permissions they don't support, some will ignore them</li> </ol> </li> <li>There is a bug in some early Nokia 6600 firmwares that stop the install of trusted MIDlets</li> <li>Certificate not valid yet: If you generated the certificate yourself it may have a start validity date of tomorrow, also if your PC and phone dates are different you may be outside the period of validity of the certificate</li> <li>No certificate management on Series 40 phones, you can install a signed application but behavior is strange with self signed certificates</li> <li>JadTool problems: I haven't experienced any of these issues but lots of other people have <ol> <li>"I have issues if I try to use the jadtool manually. I have a certificate chain and can't seem to get the second certificate added to the JAD file using any WTK jadtool. The interesting part however is that I can successfully sign the midlet using any of the same WTK GUI interfaces - they add the second certificate correctly. My steps: <ol> <li>Use 1.4.2_06 jarsigner.exe to sign jar</li> <li>Use WTK (2.2 or 2.3 beta) jadtool to addcert with certnum 1</li> <li>If I call jadtool to addcert with certnum 2 the same certificate is inserted as cert 1-2 I'm assuming I am doing something incorrectly since the WTK gui seems to be working just fine"</li> </ol> </li> <li>"I received a post on the KVM news group on the topic that states there is a bug in the jadtool and the author claims to have filed a bug report and posted a patch: <a href="http://archives.java.sun.com/cgi-bin/wa?A2=ind0508&L=kvm-interest&F=&S=&P=9858" rel="noreferrer noopener nofollow">http://archives.java.sun.com/cgi-bin/wa?A2=ind0508&L=kvm-interest&F=&S=&P=9858</a> One interesting note that was also posted was that the cert JAD params are static so once you get them from the WTK correctly you can put them statically in the ant script."</li> <li>"I am trying to sign a MIdlet for Nokia 6620 device. I am using a Verisign Code Signing certificate that actually contains two certificates (User and Intermediate CA). I am using the WTK 2.2 signing tool. Do you know if this tool support two certificates when signing ? The signature is added to the JAD file with two certificates but I have been getting security error when installing. I have checked on the device and there are different root certificates installed for Verisign but it still fails !</li> <li>"If you want, you can download the sprintpcs developer kit as it supports dual certs (<a href="http://developer.sprintpcs.com" rel="noreferrer noopener nofollow">http://developer.sprintpcs.com</a>). However, I never got that cert to work on the Nokia (6620/cingular) phone, although it does work on sprint phones (with developer root enabled). Ultimately, I only got things to work by creating the cert as described in this blog and installing that on the phone. Bizarrely, even though the root cert for my versign-signed cert *was* on the 6620 phone, it still would never install my MIDlet as you would think it should."</li> </ol> </li> <li>Old phones (6230/i, 6682) don't support x509 certificates, WPKI has been suggested as a possible solution but I haven't investigated this</li> <li>Socket connections can be problematic (<a href="http://discussion.forum.nokia.com/forum/showthread.php?t=68306%20" rel="noreferrer noopener nofollow">http://discussion.forum.nokia.com/forum/showthread.php?t=68306 </a>) possibly due to the WAP infrastructure and the services provided by an operator. HTTP is a much safer protocol to use</li> <li>"Go online and check application validity": Yes/No. If I click on yes button the phone I get the following error: "Certificate revoked for this application" and the installation fails. To rectify this go to Tools -> Manager -> Menu -> Settings -> Online Certif Check [ On / Off / Required] There is also a Default address setting. If the online control setting is required, the check will fail, if there is no default address. see <a href="http://discussion.forum.nokia.com/forum/showthread.php?t=71071" rel="noreferrer noopener nofollow">http://discussion.forum.nokia.com/forum/showthread.php?t=71071</a></li> </ol> <p><strong>Trust Domains</strong></p> <ol> <li>There are 4 different trust domains in MIDP2 (manufacturer, operator, trusted third party, and untrusted). Trusted Third Party is the only one of any use to us really.It gives the following options on my Nokia 6680 (Vodafone UK):</li> Network Access: Not Allowed, Ask every time, Ask first time Messaging: Not Allowed, Ask every time App Auto-Start: Not Allowed, Ask every time, Ask first time Connectivity: Not Allowed, Ask every time, Ask first time, Always allowed Multimedia: Not Allowed, Ask every time, Ask first time Read User Data: Not Allowed, Ask every time, Ask first time, Always allowed Edit User Data: Not Allowed, Ask every time, Ask first time, Always allowed <li>These settings are defined by the operator and the phone manufacturer and therefore vary between phone, manufacturer and operator.</li> </ol> <p><strong>Unresolved Problems</strong></p> <ol> <li>I managed to sign the JAD with this format using J2ME WTK utilities, but when trying to install it on the device I get a message "Application authentication failed 909".</li> </ol> <p><strong>Sample JAD</strong></p> <pre><code>MIDlet-Jar-URL: MyApp.jar MIDlet-Jar-Size: 201365 MIDlet-Name: MyApp MIDlet-Vendor: EC1M MicroEdition-Profile: MIDP-2.0 MicroEdition-Configuration: CLDC-1.1 MIDlet-Icon: logo.png MIDlet-Push-1: sms://:6553,net.ec1m.MyApp.midp.MyAppMIDlet,* MIDlet-Description: MyApp MIDlet MIDlet-Permissions: javax.microedition.io.PushRegistry,javax.microedition.io.Connector.sms... MIDlet-Version: 1.0.67 MIDlet-1: MyApp, logo.png,net.ec1m.MyApp.midp.MyAppMIDlet MIDlet-Certificate-1-1: MIICODCCAaECBEKqpfswDQYJKoZIhvcNAQEEBQAwYz...= MIDlet-Jar-RSA-SHA1: EUsAch/.../hEZOsJsiCjBOhNs/3FSw4= </code></pre> <p><strong>Sample Manifest</strong></p>

Manifest-Version: 1.0
MIDlet-Name: MyApp  
Created-By: 1.4.2_05-b04 (Sun Microsystems Inc.)
MIDlet-Push-1: sms://:6553,net.ec1m.MyApp.midp.MyAppMIDlet,*
MIDlet-1: MyApp, logo.png, net.ec1m.MyApp.midp.MyAppMIDlet
MicroEdition-Configuration: CLDC-1.1
Ant-Version: Apache Ant 1.6.2
MIDlet-Icon: logo.png
MIDlet-Vendor: EC1M
MIDlet-Permissions: javax.microedition...
MIDlet-Version: 1.0.67
MicroEdition-Profile: MIDP-2.0
MIDlet-Description: MyApp MIDlet

示例 Ant 构建文件 我已经把我们的EC1M ant build file在我们的网站上(希望)让这一切对您来说更容易一些。 其他资源 这个FAQ on the Nokia Forum值得一读。