假设我有一个任务,例如:
for(Object object: objects) {
Result result = compute(object);
list.add(result);
}
并行化每个compute()的最简单方法是什么(假设它们已经是可并行化的)?
我不需要与上面的代码严格匹配的答案,只需一个一般答案。但如果您需要更多信息:我的任务是 IO 绑定(bind)的,这是针对 Spring Web 应用程序的,并且任务将在 HTTP 请求中执行。
最佳答案
我建议您查看 ExecutorService .
特别是这样的:
ExecutorService EXEC = Executors.newCachedThreadPool();
List<Callable<Result>> tasks = new ArrayList<Callable<Result>>();
for (final Object object: objects) {
Callable<Result> c = new Callable<Result>() {
@Override
public Result call() throws Exception {
return compute(object);
}
};
tasks.add(c);
}
List<Future<Result>> results = EXEC.invokeAll(tasks);
请注意,如果 objects
是一个很大的列表,那么使用 newCachedThreadPool
可能会很糟糕。缓存的线程池可以为每个任务创建一个线程!您可能想要使用 newFixedThreadPool(n) ,其中 n 是合理的值(例如您拥有的核心数量,假设compute() 受 CPU 限制)。
以下是实际运行的完整代码:
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Random;
import java.util.concurrent.Callable;
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutionException;
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
import java.util.concurrent.Future;
public class ExecutorServiceExample {
private static final Random PRNG = new Random();
private static class Result {
private final int wait;
public Result(int code) {
this.wait = code;
}
}
public static Result compute(Object obj) throws InterruptedException {
int wait = PRNG.nextInt(3000);
Thread.sleep(wait);
return new Result(wait);
}
public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException,
ExecutionException {
List<Object> objects = new ArrayList<Object>();
for (int i = 0; i < 100; i++) {
objects.add(new Object());
}
List<Callable<Result>> tasks = new ArrayList<Callable<Result>>();
for (final Object object : objects) {
Callable<Result> c = new Callable<Result>() {
@Override
public Result call() throws Exception {
return compute(object);
}
};
tasks.add(c);
}
ExecutorService exec = Executors.newCachedThreadPool();
// some other exectuors you could try to see the different behaviours
// ExecutorService exec = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(3);
// ExecutorService exec = Executors.newSingleThreadExecutor();
try {
long start = System.currentTimeMillis();
List<Future<Result>> results = exec.invokeAll(tasks);
int sum = 0;
for (Future<Result> fr : results) {
sum += fr.get().wait;
System.out.println(String.format("Task waited %d ms",
fr.get().wait));
}
long elapsed = System.currentTimeMillis() - start;
System.out.println(String.format("Elapsed time: %d ms", elapsed));
System.out.println(String.format("... but compute tasks waited for total of %d ms; speed-up of %.2fx", sum, sum / (elapsed * 1d)));
} finally {
exec.shutdown();
}
}
}
关于java - 在java中并行化任务的最简单方法是什么?,我们在Stack Overflow上找到一个类似的问题: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/57966097/