安卓架构组件 : bind to ViewModel

Question

我对使用新架构组件时数据绑定(bind)的工作方式感到有点困惑。

假设我有一个简单的 Activity，其中包含一个列表、一个 ProgressBar 和一个 TextView。 Activity 应该负责控制所有 View 的状态，但是 ViewModel 应该保存数据和逻辑。 例如，我的 Activity 现在看起来像这样:

@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
    super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);

    binding = DataBindingUtil.setContentView(this, R.layout.activity_main);

    listViewModel = ViewModelProviders.of(this).get(ListViewModel.class);

    binding.setViewModel(listViewModel);

    list = findViewById(R.id.games_list);

    listViewModel.getList().observeForever(new Observer<List<Game>>() {
        @Override
        public void onChanged(@Nullable List<Game> items) {
            setUpList(items);
        }
    });

    listViewModel.loadGames();
}

private void setUpList(List<Game> items){
    list.setLayoutManager(new LinearLayoutManager(this));
    GameAdapter adapter = new GameAdapter();
    adapter.setList(items);
    list.setAdapter(adapter);
}

ViewModel 只负责加载数据并在列表准备好时通知 Activity，以便它可以准备适配器并显示数据:

public int progressVisibility = View.VISIBLE;

private MutableLiveData<List<Game>> list;

public void loadGames(){

    Retrofit retrofit = GamesAPI.create();

    GameService service = retrofit.create(GameService.class);

    Call<GamesResponse> call = service.fetchGames();

    call.enqueue(this);
}


@Override
public void onResponse(Call<GamesResponse> call, Response<GamesResponse> response) {
    if(response.body().response.equals("success")){
        setList(response.body().data);

    }
}

@Override
public void onFailure(Call<GamesResponse> call, Throwable t) {

}

public MutableLiveData<List<Game>> getList() {
    if(list == null)
        list = new MutableLiveData<>();
    if(list.getValue() == null)
        list.setValue(new ArrayList<Game>());
    return list;
}

public void setList(List<Game> list) {
    this.list.postValue(list);
}

我的问题是:显示/隐藏列表、进度条和错误文本的正确方法是什么？

我是否应该为 ViewModel 中的每个 View 添加一个整数，使其控制 View 并像这样使用它:

<TextView
    android:id="@+id/main_list_error"
    android:layout_width="wrap_content"
    android:layout_height="wrap_content"
    android:text="@{viewModel.error}"
    android:visibility="@{viewModel.errorVisibility}" />

或者 ViewModel 是否应该为每个属性实例化一个 LiveData 对象:

private MutableLiveData<Integer> progressVisibility = new MutableLiveData<>();
private MutableLiveData<Integer> listVisibility = new MutableLiveData<>();
    private MutableLiveData<Integer> errorVisibility = new MutableLiveData<>();

在需要时更新它们的值并让 Activity 观察它们的值？

viewModel.getProgressVisibility().observeForever(new Observer<Integer>() {
    @Override
    public void onChanged(@Nullable Integer visibility) {
        progress.setVisibility(visibility);
    }
});

viewModel.getListVisibility().observeForever(new Observer<Integer>() {
    @Override
    public void onChanged(@Nullable Integer visibility) {
        list.setVisibility(visibility);
    }
});

viewModel.getErrorVisibility().observeForever(new Observer<Integer>() {
    @Override
    public void onChanged(@Nullable Integer visibility) {
        error.setVisibility(visibility);
    }
});

我真的很难理解这一点。如果有人能澄清这一点，那就太好了。

谢谢

Answer 1

以下是简单的步骤:

public class MainViewModel extends ViewModel {

    MutableLiveData<ArrayList<Game>> gamesLiveData = new MutableLiveData<>();
    // ObservableBoolean or ObservableField are classes from  
    // databinding library (android.databinding.ObservableBoolean)

    public ObservableBoolean progressVisibile = new ObservableBoolean();
    public ObservableBoolean listVisibile = new ObservableBoolean();
    public ObservableBoolean errorVisibile = new ObservableBoolean();
    public ObservableField<String> error = new ObservableField<String>();

    // ...


    // For example we want to change list and progress visibility
    // We should just change ObservableBoolean property
    // databinding knows how to bind view to changed of field

    public void loadGames(){
        GamesAPI.create().create(GameService.class)
            .fetchGames().enqueue(this);

        listVisibile.set(false); 
        progressVisibile.set(true);
    }

    @Override
    public void onResponse(Call<GamesResponse> call, Response<GamesResponse> response) {
        if(response.body().response.equals("success")){
            gamesLiveData.setValue(response.body().data);

            listVisibile.set(true);
            progressVisibile.set(false);
        }
    }

}

然后

<data>
    <import type="android.view.View"/>

    <variable
        name="viewModel"
        type="MainViewModel"/>
</data>

...

<ProgressBar
    android:layout_width="32dp"
    android:layout_height="32dp"
    android:visibility="@{viewModel.progressVisibile ? View.VISIBLE : View.GONE}"/>

<ListView
    android:layout_width="32dp"
    android:layout_height="32dp"
    android:visibility="@{viewModel.listVisibile ? View.VISIBLE : View.GONE}"/>

<TextView
    android:id="@+id/main_list_error"
    android:layout_width="wrap_content"
    android:layout_height="wrap_content"
    android:text="@{viewModel.error}"
    android:visibility="@{viewModel.errorVisibile ? View.VISIBLE : View.GONE}"/>

另请注意，让 View 观察是您的选择

ObservableBoolean : false / true 
    // or
ObservableInt : View.VISIBLE / View.INVISIBLE / View.GONE

但 ObservableBoolean 更适合 ViewModel 测试。

此外，考虑到生命周期，您还应该观察 LiveData:

@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
    ...
    listViewModel.getList().observe((LifecycleOwner) this, new Observer<List<Game>>() {
        @Override
        public void onChanged(@Nullable List<Game> items) {
            setUpList(items);
        }
    });
}