java - 将 targetSdkVersion 提高到 28 时，在路径 : DexPathList 上找不到类 "com.google.android.gms.common.R$string"

Question

当我尝试将 targetSdkVersion 从 27 更新到 28 时，出现错误:

E/AndroidRuntime: FATAL EXCEPTION: main
Process: com.baus_systems.inventorycount, PID: 2594
java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: Failed resolution of: Lcom/google/android/gms/common/R$string;
    at com.google.android.gms.common.internal.StringResourceValueReader.<init>(Unknown Source:4)
    at com.google.firebase.FirebaseOptions.fromResource(com.google.firebase:firebase-common@@19.0.0:156)
    at com.google.firebase.FirebaseApp.initializeApp(com.google.firebase:firebase-common@@19.0.0:240)
    at com.google.firebase.provider.FirebaseInitProvider.onCreate(com.google.firebase:firebase-common@@19.0.0:51)
    at android.content.ContentProvider.attachInfo(ContentProvider.java:1922)
    at android.content.ContentProvider.attachInfo(ContentProvider.java:1897)
    at com.google.firebase.provider.FirebaseInitProvider.attachInfo(com.google.firebase:firebase-common@@19.0.0:45)
    at android.app.ActivityThread.installProvider(ActivityThread.java:6708)
    at android.app.ActivityThread.installContentProviders(ActivityThread.java:6255)
    at android.app.ActivityThread.handleBindApplication(ActivityThread.java:6151)
    at android.app.ActivityThread.access$1100(ActivityThread.java:208)
    at android.app.ActivityThread$H.handleMessage(ActivityThread.java:1696)
    at android.os.Handler.dispatchMessage(Handler.java:106)
    at android.os.Looper.loop(Looper.java:205)
    at android.app.ActivityThread.main(ActivityThread.java:6991)
    at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Native Method)
    at com.android.internal.os.RuntimeInit$MethodAndArgsCaller.run(RuntimeInit.java:493)
    at com.android.internal.os.ZygoteInit.main(ZygoteInit.java:884)
 Caused by: java.lang.ClassNotFoundException: Didn't find class "com.google.android.gms.common.R$string" on path: DexPathList[[zip file "/data/app/com.baus_systems.inventorycount-y-SEoNnBinme-b9ebwn0xg==/base.apk"],nativeLibraryDirectories=[/data/app/com.baus_systems.inventorycount-y-SEoNnBinme-b9ebwn0xg==/lib/arm, /data/app/com.baus_systems.inventorycount-y-SEoNnBinme-b9ebwn0xg==/base.apk!/lib/armeabi-v7a, /system/lib, /product/lib]]
    at dalvik.system.BaseDexClassLoader.findClass(BaseDexClassLoader.java:134)
    at java.lang.ClassLoader.loadClass(ClassLoader.java:379)
    at java.lang.ClassLoader.loadClass(ClassLoader.java:312)
    at com.google.android.gms.common.internal.StringResourceValueReader.<init>(Unknown Source:4) 
    at com.google.firebase.FirebaseOptions.fromResource(com.google.firebase:firebase-common@@19.0.0:156) 
    at com.google.firebase.FirebaseApp.initializeApp(com.google.firebase:firebase-common@@19.0.0:240) 
    at com.google.firebase.provider.FirebaseInitProvider.onCreate(com.google.firebase:firebase-common@@19.0.0:51) 
    at android.content.ContentProvider.attachInfo(ContentProvider.java:1922) 
    at android.content.ContentProvider.attachInfo(ContentProvider.java:1897) 
    at com.google.firebase.provider.FirebaseInitProvider.attachInfo(com.google.firebase:firebase-common@@19.0.0:45) 
    at android.app.ActivityThread.installProvider(ActivityThread.java:6708) 
    at android.app.ActivityThread.installContentProviders(ActivityThread.java:6255) 
    at android.app.ActivityThread.handleBindApplication(ActivityThread.java:6151) 
    at android.app.ActivityThread.access$1100(ActivityThread.java:208) 
    at android.app.ActivityThread$H.handleMessage(ActivityThread.java:1696) 
    at android.os.Handler.dispatchMessage(Handler.java:106) 
    at android.os.Looper.loop(Looper.java:205) 
    at android.app.ActivityThread.main(ActivityThread.java:6991) 
    at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Native Method) 
    at com.android.internal.os.RuntimeInit$MethodAndArgsCaller.run(RuntimeInit.java:493) 
    at com.android.internal.os.ZygoteInit.main(ZygoteInit.java:884) 

这是我的 build.gradle 的依赖项部分:

dependencies {
    def lifecycle_version = "1.1.1"
//    def multidex_version = "2.0.1"
//    implementation 'androidx.multidex:multidex:2.0.1'
    implementation fileTree(dir: 'libs', include: ['*.jar'])
    implementation 'androidx.recyclerview:recyclerview:1.0.0'
    implementation 'androidx.annotation:annotation:1.0.2'
    androidTestImplementation('androidx.test.espresso:espresso-core:3.1.0', {
        exclude group: 'com.android.support', module: 'support-annotations'
    })
    implementation 'androidx.appcompat:appcompat:1.0.2'
    implementation 'com.google.android.material:material:1.0.0'
    implementation 'androidx.legacy:legacy-support-v4:1.0.0'
    implementation 'androidx.vectordrawable:vectordrawable:1.0.1'
    testImplementation 'junit:junit:4.12'
    implementation('androidx.constraintlayout:constraintlayout:1.1.3')
    implementation 'androidx.recyclerview:recyclerview:1.0.0'
    implementation 'androidx.lifecycle:lifecycle-viewmodel:2.0.0'
    implementation 'androidx.lifecycle:lifecycle-extensions:2.0.0'
    implementation 'com.google.firebase:firebase-ml-vision:18.0.2'
    implementation 'com.google.firebase:firebase-ml-vision-image-label-model:17.0.2'
    implementation 'com.google.firebase:firebase-ml-model-interpreter:16.2.4'
    implementation 'com.drewnoakes:metadata-extractor:2.11.0'
    // AWS Mobile Client
    implementation('com.amazonaws:aws-android-sdk-mobile-client:2.6.+@aar') { transitive = true }
    // AWS Core
    implementation('com.amazonaws:aws-android-sdk-core:2.3.+')
    // AWS S3
    implementation('com.amazonaws:aws-android-sdk-s3:2.3.+')
    // AWS Cognito
    implementation('com.amazonaws:aws-android-sdk-cognitoidentityprovider:2.3.+')
    implementation 'com.amazonaws:aws-android-sdk-cognitoauth:2.4.7@aar'
    //AWS Lambda
    implementation('com.amazonaws:aws-android-sdk-lambda:2.2.+')

    implementation project(':plugin')
}

我尝试将 firebase 依赖项更新到最新版本(需要将 minSdkVersion 从 15 更新到 16)，但这没有效果(而且我不确定这是否是一个可行的选择，因为我似乎记得我的同事说如果我将这些版本设置得太高，则不支持条形码扫描)。更新所有依赖项会导致应用程序崩溃，但没有错误，但我还没有弄清楚应该归咎于哪些依赖项；我决定尽可能地关注这个问题，而不是无缘无故地招来更多麻烦。我尝试过以几种不同的方式启用 multidex，正如我在某处看到的那样；他们似乎都没有帮助。我还尝试过其他一些方法，并且丢失了页面，但我尝试过的任何方法都没有帮助。

如果能提供解决此错误的任何帮助，我们将不胜感激，因为在升级到 28 之前，我无法在 Play 商店中更新该应用。

Answer 1

正如该问题下的评论中提到的，问题变成了将 Gradle 提高到 3.6.0 以上，而不是提高 targetSdkVersion。但是 Gradle 的问题是什么？

This答案让我更新了我的 Firebase 和 ObjectBox 版本，我以为以前已经这样做过，但显然没有。但这导致了Type androidx.appcompat.resources.R$attr is Define multiple times的问题，该问题阻碍了清理、重建和无效缓存。这最终被deleting the .gradle folder and Cleaning and Rebuilding解决了。 .

但还存在一个问题:仅从 android O 开始支持 Invoke-customs。我仍然不知道这意味着什么，但是设置

android {
    compileOptions {
        sourceCompatibility JavaVersion.VERSION_1_8
        targetCompatibility JavaVersion.VERSION_1_8
    }
}

在我的build.gradle中，按照建议here ，似乎已经让我克服了这一点。