我正在制作一个简单的 Jersey-Spring Web 应用程序。部署应用程序时，我遇到这样的错误
~/W/repo/webapp$ mvn tomcat7:run
[INFO] Scanning for projects...
[INFO]
[INFO] -----------------< com.tarkshala.sudoku:Mudoku-webapp >-----------------
[INFO] Building Mudoku-webapp 1.0
[INFO] --------------------------------[ war ]---------------------------------
[INFO]
[INFO] >>> tomcat7-maven-plugin:2.2:run (default-cli) > process-classes @ Mudoku-webapp >>>
[INFO]
[INFO] --- maven-resources-plugin:2.6:resources (default-resources) @ Mudoku-webapp ---
[INFO] Using 'UTF-8' encoding to copy filtered resources.
[INFO] Copying 2 resources
[INFO]
[INFO] --- maven-compiler-plugin:2.5.1:compile (default-compile) @ Mudoku-webapp ---
[INFO] Nothing to compile - all classes are up to date
[INFO]
[INFO] <<< tomcat7-maven-plugin:2.2:run (default-cli) < process-classes @ Mudoku-webapp <<<
[INFO]
[INFO]
[INFO] --- tomcat7-maven-plugin:2.2:run (default-cli) @ Mudoku-webapp ---
[INFO] Running war on http://localhost:8080/Mudoku-webapp
[INFO] Creating Tomcat server configuration at /Users/kuldeep/Work/repos/Mudoku-webapp/target/tomcat
[INFO] create webapp with contextPath: /Mudoku-webapp
Apr 20, 2020 10:18:52 PM org.apache.coyote.AbstractProtocol init
INFO: Initializing ProtocolHandler ["http-bio-8080"]
Apr 20, 2020 10:18:52 PM org.apache.catalina.core.StandardService startInternal
INFO: Starting service Tomcat
Apr 20, 2020 10:18:52 PM org.apache.catalina.core.StandardEngine startInternal
INFO: Starting Servlet Engine: Apache Tomcat/7.0.47
Apr 20, 2020 10:18:52 PM org.apache.catalina.startup.ContextConfig processAnnotationsJar
SEVERE: Unable to process Jar entry [module-info.class] from Jar [jar:file:/Users/kuldeep/.m2/repository/jakarta/json/jakarta.json-api/1.1.5/jakarta.json-api-1.1.5.jar!/] for annotations
org.apache.tomcat.util.bcel.classfile.ClassFormatException: Invalid byte tag in constant pool: 19
at org.apache.tomcat.util.bcel.classfile.Constant.readConstant(Constant.java:133)
at org.apache.tomcat.util.bcel.classfile.ConstantPool.<init>(ConstantPool.java:60)
at org.apache.tomcat.util.bcel.classfile.ClassParser.readConstantPool(ClassParser.java:209)
at org.apache.tomcat.util.bcel.classfile.ClassParser.parse(ClassParser.java:119)
at org.apache.catalina.startup.ContextConfig.processAnnotationsStream(ContextConfig.java:2134)
at org.apache.catalina.startup.ContextConfig.processAnnotationsJar(ContextConfig.java:2010)
at org.apache.catalina.startup.ContextConfig.processAnnotationsUrl(ContextConfig.java:1976)
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Apr 20, 2020 10:18:52 PM org.apache.catalina.startup.ContextConfig processAnnotationsJar
SEVERE: Unable to process Jar entry [module-info.class] from Jar [jar:file:/Users/kuldeep/.m2/repository/org/ow2/asm/asm-tree/7.1/asm-tree-7.1.jar!/] for annotations
org.apache.tomcat.util.bcel.classfile.ClassFormatException: Invalid byte tag in constant pool: 19
at org.apache.tomcat.util.bcel.classfile.Constant.readConstant(Constant.java:133)
at org.apache.tomcat.util.bcel.classfile.ConstantPool.<init>(ConstantPool.java:60)
at org.apache.tomcat.util.bcel.classfile.ClassParser.readConstantPool(ClassParser.java:209)
at org.apache.tomcat.util.bcel.classfile.ClassParser.parse(ClassParser.java:119)
at org.apache.catalina.startup.ContextConfig.processAnnotationsStream(ContextConfig.java:2134)
at org.apache.catalina.startup.ContextConfig.processAnnotationsJar(ContextConfig.java:2010)
at org.apache.catalina.startup.ContextConfig.processAnnotationsUrl(ContextConfig.java:1976)
at org.apache.catalina.startup.ContextConfig.processAnnotations(ContextConfig.java:1961)
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Apr 20, 2020 10:18:52 PM org.apache.catalina.startup.ContextConfig processAnnotationsJar
SEVERE: Unable to process Jar entry [module-info.class] from Jar [jar:file:/Users/kuldeep/.m2/repository/org/ow2/asm/asm/7.1/asm-7.1.jar!/] for annotations
org.apache.tomcat.util.bcel.classfile.ClassFormatException: Invalid byte tag in constant pool: 19
at org.apache.tomcat.util.bcel.classfile.Constant.readConstant(Constant.java:133)
at org.apache.tomcat.util.bcel.classfile.ConstantPool.<init>(ConstantPool.java:60)
at org.apache.tomcat.util.bcel.classfile.ClassParser.readConstantPool(ClassParser.java:209)
at org.apache.tomcat.util.bcel.classfile.ClassParser.parse(ClassParser.java:119)
at org.apache.catalina.startup.ContextConfig.processAnnotationsStream(ContextConfig.java:2134)
at org.apache.catalina.startup.ContextConfig.processAnnotationsJar(ContextConfig.java:2010)
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Apr 20, 2020 10:18:52 PM org.apache.catalina.startup.ContextConfig processAnnotationsJar
SEVERE: Unable to process Jar entry [module-info.class] from Jar [jar:file:/Users/kuldeep/.m2/repository/javax/xml/bind/jaxb-api/2.3.0/jaxb-api-2.3.0.jar!/] for annotations
org.apache.tomcat.util.bcel.classfile.ClassFormatException: Invalid byte tag in constant pool: 19
at org.apache.tomcat.util.bcel.classfile.Constant.readConstant(Constant.java:133)
at org.apache.tomcat.util.bcel.classfile.ConstantPool.<init>(ConstantPool.java:60)
at org.apache.tomcat.util.bcel.classfile.ClassParser.readConstantPool(ClassParser.java:209)
at org.apache.tomcat.util.bcel.classfile.ClassParser.parse(ClassParser.java:119)
at org.apache.catalina.startup.ContextConfig.processAnnotationsStream(ContextConfig.java:2134)
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Apr 20, 2020 10:18:52 PM org.apache.catalina.startup.ContextConfig processAnnotationsJar
SEVERE: Unable to process Jar entry [module-info.class] from Jar [jar:file:/Users/kuldeep/.m2/repository/org/ow2/asm/asm-commons/7.1/asm-commons-7.1.jar!/] for annotations
org.apache.tomcat.util.bcel.classfile.ClassFormatException: Invalid byte tag in constant pool: 19
at org.apache.tomcat.util.bcel.classfile.Constant.readConstant(Constant.java:133)
at org.apache.tomcat.util.bcel.classfile.ConstantPool.<init>(ConstantPool.java:60)
at org.apache.tomcat.util.bcel.classfile.ClassParser.readConstantPool(ClassParser.java:209)
at org.apache.tomcat.util.bcel.classfile.ClassParser.parse(ClassParser.java:119)
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Apr 20, 2020 10:18:53 PM org.apache.catalina.startup.ContextConfig processAnnotationsJar
SEVERE: Unable to process Jar entry [module-info.class] from Jar [jar:file:/Users/kuldeep/.m2/repository/org/ow2/asm/asm-util/7.1/asm-util-7.1.jar!/] for annotations
org.apache.tomcat.util.bcel.classfile.ClassFormatException: Invalid byte tag in constant pool: 19
at org.apache.tomcat.util.bcel.classfile.Constant.readConstant(Constant.java:133)
at org.apache.tomcat.util.bcel.classfile.ConstantPool.<init>(ConstantPool.java:60)
at org.apache.tomcat.util.bcel.classfile.ClassParser.readConstantPool(ClassParser.java:209)
at org.apache.tomcat.util.bcel.classfile.ClassParser.parse(ClassParser.java:119)
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Apr 20, 2020 10:18:53 PM org.apache.catalina.startup.ContextConfig processAnnotationsJar
SEVERE: Unable to process Jar entry [module-info.class] from Jar [jar:file:/Users/kuldeep/.m2/repository/org/projectlombok/lombok/1.18.12/lombok-1.18.12.jar!/] for annotations
org.apache.tomcat.util.bcel.classfile.ClassFormatException: Invalid byte tag in constant pool: 19
at org.apache.tomcat.util.bcel.classfile.Constant.readConstant(Constant.java:133)
at org.apache.tomcat.util.bcel.classfile.ConstantPool.<init>(ConstantPool.java:60)
at org.apache.tomcat.util.bcel.classfile.ClassParser.readConstantPool(ClassParser.java:209)
at org.apache.tomcat.util.bcel.classfile.ClassParser.parse(ClassParser.java:119)
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Apr 20, 2020 10:18:54 PM org.apache.catalina.startup.ContextConfig processAnnotationsJar
SEVERE: Unable to process Jar entry [META-INF/versions/9/module-info.class] from Jar [jar:file:/Users/kuldeep/.m2/repository/org/apache/logging/log4j/log4j-api/2.13.1/log4j-api-2.13.1.jar!/] for annotations
org.apache.tomcat.util.bcel.classfile.ClassFormatException: Invalid byte tag in constant pool: 19
at org.apache.tomcat.util.bcel.classfile.Constant.readConstant(Constant.java:133)
at org.apache.tomcat.util.bcel.classfile.ConstantPool.<init>(ConstantPool.java:60)
at org.apache.tomcat.util.bcel.classfile.ClassParser.readConstantPool(ClassParser.java:209)
at org.apache.tomcat.util.bcel.classfile.ClassParser.parse(ClassParser.java:119)
at org.apache.catalina.startup.ContextConfig.processAnnotationsStream(ContextConfig.java:2134)
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Apr 20, 2020 10:18:54 PM org.apache.catalina.startup.ContextConfig processAnnotationsJar
SEVERE: Unable to process Jar entry [module-info.class] from Jar [jar:file:/Users/kuldeep/.m2/repository/org/ow2/asm/asm-analysis/7.1/asm-analysis-7.1.jar!/] for annotations
org.apache.tomcat.util.bcel.classfile.ClassFormatException: Invalid byte tag in constant pool: 19
at org.apache.tomcat.util.bcel.classfile.Constant.readConstant(Constant.java:133)
at org.apache.tomcat.util.bcel.classfile.ConstantPool.<init>(ConstantPool.java:60)
at org.apache.tomcat.util.bcel.classfile.ClassParser.readConstantPool(ClassParser.java:209)
at org.apache.tomcat.util.bcel.classfile.ClassParser.parse(ClassParser.java:119)
at org.apache.catalina.startup.ContextConfig.processAnnotationsStream(ContextConfig.java:2134)
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Apr 20, 2020 10:18:54 PM org.apache.catalina.startup.ContextConfig processAnnotationsJar
SEVERE: Unable to process Jar entry [module-info.class] from Jar [jar:file:/Users/kuldeep/.m2/repository/jakarta/ws/rs/jakarta.ws.rs-api/2.1.6/jakarta.ws.rs-api-2.1.6.jar!/] for annotations
org.apache.tomcat.util.bcel.classfile.ClassFormatException: Invalid byte tag in constant pool: 19
at org.apache.tomcat.util.bcel.classfile.Constant.readConstant(Constant.java:133)
at org.apache.tomcat.util.bcel.classfile.ConstantPool.<init>(ConstantPool.java:60)
at org.apache.tomcat.util.bcel.classfile.ClassParser.readConstantPool(ClassParser.java:209)
at org.apache.tomcat.util.bcel.classfile.ClassParser.parse(ClassParser.java:119)
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Apr 20, 2020 10:18:54 PM org.apache.catalina.startup.ContextConfig processAnnotationsJar
SEVERE: Unable to process Jar entry [module-info.class] from Jar [jar:file:/Users/kuldeep/.m2/repository/jakarta/xml/bind/jakarta.xml.bind-api/2.3.2/jakarta.xml.bind-api-2.3.2.jar!/] for annotations
org.apache.tomcat.util.bcel.classfile.ClassFormatException: Invalid byte tag in constant pool: 19
at org.apache.tomcat.util.bcel.classfile.Constant.readConstant(Constant.java:133)
at org.apache.tomcat.util.bcel.classfile.ConstantPool.<init>(ConstantPool.java:60)
at org.apache.tomcat.util.bcel.classfile.ClassParser.readConstantPool(ClassParser.java:209)
at org.apache.tomcat.util.bcel.classfile.ClassParser.parse(ClassParser.java:119)
at org.apache.catalina.startup.ContextConfig.processAnnotationsStream(ContextConfig.java:2134)
at org.apache.catalina.startup.ContextConfig.processAnnotationsJar(ContextConfig.java:2010)
at org.apache.catalina.startup.ContextConfig.processAnnotationsUrl(ContextConfig.java:1976)
at org.apache.catalina.startup.ContextConfig.processAnnotations(ContextConfig.java:1961)
at org.apache.catalina.startup.ContextConfig.webConfig(ContextConfig.java:1319)
at org.apache.catalina.startup.ContextConfig.configureStart(ContextConfig.java:878)
at org.apache.catalina.startup.ContextConfig.lifecycleEvent(ContextConfig.java:376)
at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleSupport.fireLifecycleEvent(LifecycleSupport.java:119)
at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.fireLifecycleEvent(LifecycleBase.java:90)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext.startInternal(StandardContext.java:5322)
at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.start(LifecycleBase.java:150)
at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase$StartChild.call(ContainerBase.java:1559)
at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase$StartChild.call(ContainerBase.java:1549)
at java.base/java.util.concurrent.FutureTask.run(FutureTask.java:264)
at java.base/java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.runWorker(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:1128)
at java.base/java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.run(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:628)
at java.base/java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:830)
Apr 20, 2020 10:18:54 PM org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationContext log
INFO: 1 Spring WebApplicationInitializers detected on classpath
Apr 20, 2020 10:18:54 PM org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationContext log
INFO: Initializing Spring root WebApplicationContext
Apr 20, 2020 10:18:54 PM org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoader initWebApplicationContext
INFO: Root WebApplicationContext: initialization started
Apr 20, 2020 10:18:54 PM org.springframework.web.context.support.XmlWebApplicationContext prepareRefresh
INFO: Refreshing Root WebApplicationContext: startup date [Mon Apr 20 22:18:54 IST 2020]; root of context hierarchy
Apr 20, 2020 10:18:54 PM org.springframework.beans.factory.xml.XmlBeanDefinitionReader loadBeanDefinitions
INFO: Loading XML bean definitions from class path resource [applicationContext.xml]
Apr 20, 2020 10:18:54 PM org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor <init>
INFO: JSR-330 'javax.inject.Inject' annotation found and supported for autowiring
2020-04-20 22:18:55,340 localhost-startStop-1 DEBUG Apache Log4j Core 2.13.1 initializing configuration XmlConfiguration[location=/Users/kuldeep/Work/repos/Mudoku-webapp/target/classes/log4j2.xml]
2020-04-20 22:18:55,349 localhost-startStop-1 DEBUG Installed 0 script engines
2020-04-20 22:18:55,349 localhost-startStop-1 DEBUG PluginManager 'Core' found 123 plugins
2020-04-20 22:18:55,350 localhost-startStop-1 DEBUG PluginManager 'Level' found 0 plugins
2020-04-20 22:18:55,352 localhost-startStop-1 DEBUG PluginManager 'Lookup' found 16 plugins
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2020-04-20 22:18:55,457 localhost-startStop-1 DEBUG Registering MBean org.apache.logging.log4j2:type=7bb79d55,component=ContextSelector
2020-04-20 22:18:55,459 localhost-startStop-1 DEBUG Registering MBean org.apache.logging.log4j2:type=7bb79d55,component=Loggers,name=
2020-04-20 22:18:55,460 localhost-startStop-1 DEBUG Registering MBean org.apache.logging.log4j2:type=7bb79d55,component=Loggers,name=com.tarkshala.sudoku
2020-04-20 22:18:55,462 localhost-startStop-1 DEBUG Registering MBean org.apache.logging.log4j2:type=7bb79d55,component=Appenders,name=LogToRollingRandomAccessFile
2020-04-20 22:18:55,463 localhost-startStop-1 DEBUG Registering MBean org.apache.logging.log4j2:type=7bb79d55,component=Appenders,name=LogToConsole
2020-04-20 22:18:55,467 localhost-startStop-1 DEBUG org.apache.logging.log4j.core.util.SystemClock supports precise timestamps.
2020-04-20 22:18:55,468 localhost-startStop-1 DEBUG Reconfiguration complete for context[name=7bb79d55] at URI /Users/kuldeep/Work/repos/Mudoku-webapp/target/classes/log4j2.xml (org.apache.logging.log4j.core.LoggerContext@7b055925) with optional ClassLoader: null
2020-04-20 22:18:55,469 localhost-startStop-1 DEBUG Shutdown hook enabled. Registering a new one.
2020-04-20 22:18:55,470 localhost-startStop-1 DEBUG LoggerContext[name=7bb79d55, org.apache.logging.log4j.core.LoggerContext@7b055925] started OK.
Apr 20, 2020 10:18:55 PM org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoader initWebApplicationContext
INFO: Root WebApplicationContext: initialization completed in 824 ms
Apr 20, 2020 10:18:56 PM org.apache.coyote.AbstractProtocol start
INFO: Starting ProtocolHandler ["http-bio-8080"]
pom 文件如下所示
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/maven-v4_0_0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<groupId>com.tarkshala.sudoku</groupId>
<artifactId>Mudoku-webapp</artifactId>
<packaging>war</packaging>
<version>1.0</version>
<name>Mudoku-webapp</name>
<properties>
<project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
<java.version>11</java.version>
<jersey.version>2.30.1</jersey.version>
<commons-logging-version>1.2</commons-logging-version>
<apache-log4j-version>2.13.1</apache-log4j-version>
<lombok-version>1.18.12</lombok-version>
<maven.compiler.source>${java.version}</maven.compiler.source>
<maven.compiler.target>${java.version}</maven.compiler.target>
</properties>
<build>
<finalName>Mudoku-webapp</finalName>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
<artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
<version>2.5.1</version>
<inherited>true</inherited>
<configuration>
<source>${java.version}</source>
<target>${java.version}</target>
</configuration>
</plugin>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.apache.tomcat.maven</groupId>
<artifactId>tomcat7-maven-plugin</artifactId>
<version>2.2</version>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</build>
<dependencyManagement>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.glassfish.jersey</groupId>
<artifactId>jersey-bom</artifactId>
<version>${jersey.version}</version>
<type>pom</type>
<scope>import</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</dependencyManagement>
<dependencies>
<!-- Jersey related dependencies start -->
<!-- It also contains jersey's spring requirements for DI -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.glassfish.jersey.containers</groupId>
<artifactId>jersey-container-servlet</artifactId>
<version>${jersey.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.glassfish.jersey.media</groupId>
<artifactId>jersey-media-moxy</artifactId>
<version>${jersey.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.glassfish.jersey.ext</groupId>
<artifactId>jersey-spring4</artifactId>
<version>${jersey.version}</version>
</dependency>
<!-- Javax dependencies start -->
<!-- Not sure where is this getting used, but gives error if removed -->
<dependency>
<groupId>javax.xml.bind</groupId>
<artifactId>jaxb-api</artifactId>
<version>2.3.0</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>javax.activation</groupId>
<artifactId>activation</artifactId>
<version>1.1.1</version>
</dependency>
<!-- Javax dependencies end -->
<!-- Tomcat/Jersey'requirement dependency start -->
<!-- Not sure where is this getting used, but gives error if removed -->
<dependency>
<groupId>commons-logging</groupId>
<artifactId>commons-logging</artifactId>
<version>${commons-logging-version}</version>
</dependency>
<!-- Tomcat/Jersey'requirement dependency end -->
<!-- Log4j Logging dependencies start -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.logging.log4j</groupId>
<artifactId>log4j-api</artifactId>
<version>${apache-log4j-version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.logging.log4j</groupId>
<artifactId>log4j-core</artifactId>
<version>${apache-log4j-version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.logging.log4j</groupId>
<artifactId>log4j-web</artifactId>
<version>${apache-log4j-version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.logging.log4j</groupId>
<artifactId>log4j-slf4j-impl</artifactId>
<version>2.13.1</version>
</dependency>
<!-- Log4j Logging dependencies end -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
<artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
<version>${lombok-version}</version>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</project>
令人惊讶的是，这在 Intellij 的运行配置中有效，我只在其中配置了 Tomcat Servlet-Container？
我厌倦了调试，也厌倦了我能想到的所有选项。任何帮助或提示将不胜感激。
最佳答案
module-info.class 是在 Java 9 中引入的。从那时起，库就一直将该类添加到它们的 jar 中。将 module-info.class 文件放置在根目录中的库在使用 Java 8 或更早版本中运行的应用程序时可能会出现问题。但是，您会注意到它还提示 Log4j-API 的 module-info.class 文件，该文件位于 META-INF/versions/9 中。 Java 9 之前的应用程序不应在 META-INF 中查找类文件，因为那是无效位置。看来 Maven 插件可能正在使用需要升级的旧版本 Tomcat。这个stackoverlow answer提供有关 tomcat 版本的更多详细信息。您只需要找出插件正在使用的工件，然后将其更新版本添加为插件的依赖项即可。
修改后你的插件应该看起来像这样:
<plugin>
<groupId>org.apache.tomcat.maven</groupId>
<artifactId>tomcat7-maven-plugin</artifactId>
<version>2.2</version>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.tomcat.embed</groupId>
<artifactId>tomcat-embed-core</artifactId>
<version>${tomcat7Version}</version>
</dependency>
...
</dependencies>
</plugin>
但应包含插件 pom.xml 中列出的所有依赖项并且 tomcat7Version 设置为 7.0.56 或更高版本。您使用的tomcat7-maven-plugin版本使用的是tomcat 7.0.47，存在此问题。
关于java - 使用 Tomcat 插件的 Jersey Web 应用程序未部署，我们在Stack Overflow上找到一个类似的问题： https://stackoverflow.com/questions/61327983/