sql - 哪种 SQL 查询速度更快？按连接条件或Where 子句过滤？

Question

比较这 2 个查询。将过滤器放在连接条件上或放在 WHERE 子句中更快吗？我一直觉得它在连接标准上更快，因为它会尽快减少结果集，但我不确定。

我将构建一些测试来查看，但我也想获得关于哪个更易于阅读的意见。

查询 1

SELECT      *
FROM        TableA a
INNER JOIN  TableXRef x
        ON  a.ID = x.TableAID
INNER JOIN  TableB b
        ON  x.TableBID = b.ID
WHERE       a.ID = 1            /* <-- Filter here? */

查询 2

SELECT      *
FROM        TableA a
INNER JOIN  TableXRef x
        ON  a.ID = x.TableAID
        AND a.ID = 1            /* <-- Or filter here? */
INNER JOIN  TableB b
        ON  x.TableBID = b.ID

编辑

我运行了一些测试，结果表明它实际上非常接近，但是 WHERE 子句实际上稍微快一些! =)

我绝对同意在 WHERE 子句上应用过滤器更有意义，我只是对性能影响感到好奇。

标准运行时间: 143016 毫秒
已用时间加入标准: 143256 毫秒

测试

SET NOCOUNT ON;

DECLARE @num    INT,
        @iter   INT

SELECT  @num    = 1000, -- Number of records in TableA and TableB, the cross table is populated with a CROSS JOIN from A to B
        @iter   = 1000  -- Number of select iterations to perform

DECLARE @a TABLE (
        id INT
)

DECLARE @b TABLE (
        id INT
)

DECLARE @x TABLE (
        aid INT,
        bid INT
)

DECLARE @num_curr INT
SELECT  @num_curr = 1
        
WHILE (@num_curr <= @num)
BEGIN
    INSERT @a (id) SELECT @num_curr
    INSERT @b (id) SELECT @num_curr
    
    SELECT @num_curr = @num_curr + 1
END

INSERT      @x (aid, bid)
SELECT      a.id,
            b.id
FROM        @a a
CROSS JOIN  @b b

/*
    TEST
*/
DECLARE @begin_where    DATETIME,
        @end_where      DATETIME,
        @count_where    INT,
        @begin_join     DATETIME,
        @end_join       DATETIME,
        @count_join     INT,
        @curr           INT,
        @aid            INT

DECLARE @temp TABLE (
        curr    INT,
        aid     INT,
        bid     INT
)

DELETE FROM @temp

SELECT  @curr   = 0,
        @aid    = 50

SELECT  @begin_where = CURRENT_TIMESTAMP
WHILE (@curr < @iter)
BEGIN
    INSERT      @temp (curr, aid, bid)
    SELECT      @curr,
                aid,
                bid
    FROM        @a a
    INNER JOIN  @x x
            ON  a.id = x.aid
    INNER JOIN  @b b
            ON  x.bid = b.id
    WHERE       a.id = @aid
        
    SELECT @curr = @curr + 1
END
SELECT  @end_where = CURRENT_TIMESTAMP

SELECT  @count_where = COUNT(1) FROM @temp
DELETE FROM @temp

SELECT  @curr = 0
SELECT  @begin_join = CURRENT_TIMESTAMP
WHILE (@curr < @iter)
BEGIN
    INSERT      @temp (curr, aid, bid)
    SELECT      @curr,
                aid,
                bid
    FROM        @a a
    INNER JOIN  @x x
            ON  a.id = x.aid
            AND a.id = @aid
    INNER JOIN  @b b
            ON  x.bid = b.id
    
    SELECT @curr = @curr + 1
END
SELECT  @end_join = CURRENT_TIMESTAMP

SELECT  @count_join = COUNT(1) FROM @temp
DELETE FROM @temp

SELECT  @count_where AS count_where,
        @count_join AS count_join,
        DATEDIFF(millisecond, @begin_where, @end_where) AS elapsed_where,
        DATEDIFF(millisecond, @begin_join, @end_join) AS elapsed_join

Answer 1

在性能方面，它们是相同的(并产生相同的计划)

从逻辑上讲，如果将 INNER JOIN 替换为 LEFT JOIN，您应该进行仍然有意义的操作。

根据您的情况，这将如下所示:

SELECT  *
FROM    TableA a
LEFT JOIN
        TableXRef x
ON      x.TableAID = a.ID
        AND a.ID = 1
LEFT JOIN
        TableB b
ON      x.TableBID = b.ID

或者这个:

SELECT  *
FROM    TableA a
LEFT JOIN
        TableXRef x
ON      x.TableAID = a.ID
LEFT JOIN
        TableB b
ON      b.id = x.TableBID
WHERE   a.id = 1

前一个查询不会返回除 1 之外的 a.id 的任何实际匹配项，因此后一个语法(使用 WHERE)为逻辑上更加一致。