java - Java 8 和 JUnit 5 的 Maven 构建失败

Question

我有一个使用 Java 8 的 Java 项目。我想使用 JUnit 5。我正在使用 Eclispe。如果我在项目的构建路径中添加 JUnit 5 库，则在 Eclipse 中构建会成功。但是，当我在命令行中使用 Maven 构建时，它失败了。

    Apache Maven 3.6.3 (cecedd343002696d0abb50b32b541b8a6ba2883f)
    Maven home: C:\Program Files\apache-maven-3.6.3\bin\..
    Java version: 1.8.0_241, vendor: Oracle Corporation, runtime: C:\Program 
    Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_241\jre

在pom.xml下面。我尝试过在 Google 搜索中找到的其他版本的 pom，但都给了我同样的错误。 更新: 如果我删除 <scope>test</scope>从pom.xml来看，构建仍然失败。

<properties>
    <!-- Dependency versions -->
    <junit.jupiter.version>5.6.0</junit.jupiter.version>
    <maven-surefire-plugin.version>2.22.2</maven-surefire-plugin.version>
    <!-- Java 8 -->
    <java.version>1.8</java.version>
    <!-- Encoding -->
    <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
    <project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-8</project.reporting.outputEncoding>
  </properties>
  <!-- Jupiter API for writing tests -->
  <dependencies>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.junit.jupiter</groupId>
      <artifactId>junit-jupiter-engine</artifactId>
      <version>${junit.jupiter.version}</version>
      <scope>test</scope>
    </dependency>
  </dependencies>
  <!-- Maven Surefire plugin to run tests -->
  <build>
    <plugins>
       <!-- plugin to run test cases from maven -->
      <plugin>
        <artifactId>maven-surefire-plugin</artifactId>
        <version>${maven-surefire-plugin.version}</version>
      </plugin>
      <!-- Maven plugin to use perticular java version to compile code -->
      <plugin>
        <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
        <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
        <version>3.8.1</version>
        <configuration>
          <source>1.8</source>
          <target>1.8</target>
        </configuration>
      </plugin>
    </plugins>
  </build>

[INFO] 5 errors
[INFO] -------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] BUILD FAILURE
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] Total time:  7.473 s
[INFO] Finished at: 2020-04-28T12:19:11-04:00
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[ERROR] Failed to execute goal org.apache.maven.plugins:maven-compiler-plugin:3.8.1:compile (default-compile) on project Java8: Compilation failure: Compilation failure:
[ERROR] C:\Users\Documents\Java8\src\main\java\com\name\stream\ClassName.java:[8,23] error: package org.junit does not exist
[ERROR] C:\Users\Documents\Java8\src\main\java\com\name\stream\ClassName.java:[8] error: static import only from classes and interfaces
[ERROR] C:\Users\Documents\Java8\src\main\java\com\name\stream\ClassName.java:[31,2] error: cannot find symbol
[ERROR]   symbol:   method assertEquals(Optional<String>,Optional<Object>)
[ERROR]   location: class ClassName
[ERROR] C:\Users\Documents\Java8\src\main\java\com\name\stream\ClassName.java:[33,2] error: cannot find symbol
[ERROR]   symbol:   method assertEquals(Optional<Optional<String>>,Optional<Object>)
[ERROR]   location: class ClassName
[ERROR] C:\Users\Documents\Java8\src\main\java\com\name\stream\ClassName.java:[44,2] error: cannot find symbol
[ERROR]   symbol:   method assertEquals(Optional<String>,Optional<Object>)
[ERROR]   location: class ClassName
[ERROR] -> [Help 1]

Answer 1

Eclipse 无法正确分离测试范围和编译范围依赖项，因此请保持正确的范围测试。您必须在中创建一个测试类 src/test/java/com/name/stream/ClassNameTest.java 并使用需要来自 org.junit.jupiter.api 包的适当注释

看看这个示例项目:github.com/khmarbaise/basic-junit-jupiter-test(简单的测试用例和断言也是带有单个方法的简单类，只是为了展示它是如何工作的..)...它在 IDEA Intellij 中的命令行上构建，也应该在 Eclipse 中工作，并在 GitHub Actions 上工作