安卓测试 : Waited for the root of the view hierarchy to have window focus

Question

在 Android Ui 测试中，我想点击对话框中的微调项，但弹出此错误:

va.lang.RuntimeException: Waited for the root of the view hierarchy to have window focus and not be requesting layout for over 10 seconds. If you specified a non default root matcher, it may be picking a root that never takes focus. Otherwise, something is seriously wrong. Selected Root:
Root{application-window-token=android.view.ViewRootImpl$W@2dac97c7, window-token=android.view.ViewRootImpl$W@2dac97c7, has-window-focus=false, layout-params-type=1, layout-params-string=WM.LayoutParams{(0,0)(fillxfill) sim=#10 ty=1 fl=#81810100 pfl=0x8 wanim=0x1030461 surfaceInsets=Rect(0, 0 - 0, 0) mwfl=0x0}, decor-view-string=MultiPhoneDecorView{id=-1, visibility=VISIBLE, width=1600, height=2560, has-focus=true, has-focusable=true, has-window-focus=false, is-clickable=false, is-enabled=true, is-focused=false, is-focusable=false, is-layout-requested=false, is-selected=false, root-is-layout-requested=false, has-input-connection=false, x=0.0, y=0.0, child-count=1}}
. All Roots:
Root{application-window-token=android.view.ViewRootImpl$W@3c913e1, window-token=android.view.ViewRootImpl$W@21b23506, has-window-focus=true, layout-params-type=1002, layout-params-string=WM.LayoutParams{(310,600)(722x480) gr=#10000033 sim=#1 ty=1002 fl=#1860200 fmt=-3 wanim=0x10302db surfaceInsets=Rect(0, 0 - 0, 0) mwfl=0x0}, decor-view-string=PopupViewContainer{id=-1, visibility=VISIBLE, width=722, height=480, has-focus=true, has-focusable=true, has-window-focus=true, is-clickable=false, is-enabled=true, is-focused=false, is-focusable=false, is-layout-requested=false, is-selected=false, root-is-layout-requested=false, has-input-connection=false, x=0.0, y=0.0, child-count=1}}
Root{application-window-token=android.view.ViewRootImpl$W@3c913e1, window-token=android.view.ViewRootImpl$W@3c913e1, has-window-focus=false, layout-params-type=2, layout-params-string=WM.LayoutParams{(0,0)(wrapxwrap) gr=#11 sim=#20 ty=2 fl=#1800002 pfl=0x8 fmt=-3 wanim=0x1030462 surfaceInsets=Rect(0, 0 - 0, 0) mwfl=0x10}, decor-view-string=DecorView{id=-1, visibility=VISIBLE, width=1136, height=1058, has-focus=true, has-focusable=true, has-window-focus=false, is-clickable=false, is-enabled=true, is-focused=false, is-focusable=false, is-layout-requested=false, is-selected=false, root-is-layout-requested=false, has-input-connection=false, x=0.0, y=0.0, child-count=1}}
Root{application-window-token=android.view.ViewRootImpl$W@2dac97c7, window-token=android.view.ViewRootImpl$W@2dac97c7, has-window-focus=false, layout-params-type=1, layout-params-string=WM.LayoutParams{(0,0)(fillxfill) sim=#10 ty=1 fl=#81810100 pfl=0x8 wanim=0x1030461 surfaceInsets=Rect(0, 0 - 0, 0) mwfl=0x0}, decor-view-string=MultiPhoneDecorView{id=-1, visibility=VISIBLE, width=1600, height=2560, has-focus=true, has-focusable=true, has-window-focus=false, is-clickable=false, is-enabled=true, is-focused=false, is-focusable=false, is-layout-requested=false, is-selected=false, root-is-layout-requested=false, has-input-connection=false, x=0.0, y=0.0, child-count=1}}
at android.support.test.espresso.base.RootViewPicker.get(RootViewPicker.java:99)
at android.support.test.espresso.ViewInteractionModule.provideRootView(ViewInteractionModule.java:69)
at android.support.test.espresso.ViewInteractionModule_ProvideRootViewFactory.get(ViewInteractionModule_ProvideRootViewFactory.java:23)
at android.support.test.espresso.ViewInteractionModule_ProvideRootViewFactory.get(ViewInteractionModule_ProvideRootViewFactory.java:9)
at android.support.test.espresso.base.ViewFinderImpl.getView(ViewFinderImpl.java:68)
at android.support.test.espresso.ViewInteraction$1.run(ViewInteraction.java:120)
at java.util.concurrent.Executors$RunnableAdapter.call(Executors.java:422)
at java.util.concurrent.FutureTask.run(FutureTask.java:237)
at android.os.Handler.handleCallback(Handler.java:739)
at android.os.Handler.dispatchMessage(Handler.java:95)
at android.os.Looper.loop(Looper.java:145)
at android.app.ActivityThread.main(ActivityThread.java:6117)
at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Native Method)
at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:372)
at com.android.internal.os.ZygoteInit$MethodAndArgsCaller.run(ZygoteInit.java:1399)
at com.android.internal.os.ZygoteInit.main(ZygoteInit.java:1194)

我试过了

onData(allOf(is(instanceOf(String.class)),containsString("A4"))).inRoot(isPlatformPopup()).perform(click());

和

onView(withText(containsString("A4"))).inRoot(isFocusable()).check(matches(isDisplayed()));

和

onView(withText(containsString("A4"))).inRoot(withDecorView(not(getActivity().getWindow().getDecorView()))).check(matches(isDisplayed()));

但是没有一个有效... 谁能告诉我如何获得 ralavant 根？

Answer 1

当显示系统对话框时可能会发生此错误 - 例如 “Power Off” 或 “Unfortunately, Launcher has stopped”(后台应用程序崩溃) - 而你尝试在该对话框可见时运行 Espresso 单元测试。

_{图片来源:Android 4.0 emulator always has a crashing Launcher?}

您可以通过在运行测试之前关闭系统对话框来在代码中解决此问题:

// Use the 'testing' Context
Context context = InstrumentationRegistry.getInstrumentation().getTargetContext();
context.sendBroadcast(new Intent(Intent.ACTION_CLOSE_SYSTEM_DIALOGS));

// Alternative: Use the Activity for the Context
MyActivity activityUnderTest = activityTestRule.getActivity();
activityUnderTest.sendBroadcast(new Intent(Intent.ACTION_CLOSE_SYSTEM_DIALOGS));

或者使用adb在命令行发送广播:

adb shell am broadcast -a android.intent.action.CLOSE_SYSTEM_DIALOGS

---

错误的另一个原因是当后台应用程序被卡住 (ANR) 或运行缓慢时，会出现一个系统对话框，提示 “启动器没有响应。你想关闭它吗？[等待] [确定]”:

_{图片来源:https://engineering.linkedin.com/blog/2016/08/introducing-and-open-sourcing-test-butler--reliable-android-test}

如果您尝试在该对话框可见时运行 Espresso 测试，测试将全部失败并显示“等待 root...”错误。没有简单的方法以编程方式关闭此对话框。 Espresso 无法单击这些按钮，原因如下:Dismiss Alert Dialog in Android Espresso Test .但是，一种方法是使用 UI Automator 在测试开始之前按下对话框中的“等待”按钮:

应用程序/build.gradle

dependencies {
    ...
    androidTestImplementation "androidx.test.uiautomator:uiautomator:2.2.0"
}

ActivityUiTest.kt

companion object {
    @JvmStatic
    @BeforeClass
    fun dismissANRSystemDialog() {
        val device = UiDevice.getInstance(getInstrumentation())
        // If running the device in English Locale
        var waitButton = device.findObject(UiSelector().textContains("wait"))
        if (waitButton.exists()) {
            waitButton.click()
        }
        // If running the device in Japanese Locale
        waitButton = device.findObject(UiSelector().textContains("待機"))
        if (waitButton.exists()) {
            waitButton.click()
        }
    }
}

ActivityUiTest.java

@BeforeClass
public static void dismissANRSystemDialog() throws UiObjectNotFoundException {
    UiDevice device = UiDevice.getInstance(getInstrumentation());
    // If the device is running in English Locale
    UiObject waitButton = device.findObject(new UiSelector().textContains("wait"));
    if (waitButton.exists()) {
        waitButton.click();
    }
    // If the device is running in Japanese Locale
    waitButton = device.findObject(new UiSelector().textContains("待機"));
    if (waitButton.exists()) {
        waitButton.click();
    }
}

或者，您可以在命令行上使用 adb 来发送 screen taps或 key strokes解雇它。例如:

# On a 320x480 screen, click at screen location [x=233,y=293] to tap an "OK" dialog button.
# Just in case there is a "Launcher isn't responding" system dialog.
adb shell input tap 233 293

或

# Send keystroke Arrow Right
sleep 3; adb shell input keyevent 22
# Send keystroke Arrow Right again
sleep 3; adb shell input keyevent 22
# Send keystroke Enter to press a button on the dialog
sleep 3; adb shell input keyevent 66

更多信息:

• https://groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/android-test-kit-discuss/yIEwus_hjeY
• How to dismiss system dialog in Android?
• Android adb shell am broadcast: Bad component name
• How to use ADB to send touch events to device using sendevent command?