javascript - 如何获取对象 props 函数调用者？

Question

(帮助者注意:这个问题可能没有解决方案)

大家好，

我正在解决自己给自己的一个小挑战。当我遇到一个看似不可能完成的任务时。挑战如下。

顶级
有一个使用闭包来模拟类的函数。 (我所说的类是指当您声明一个新类时在 C++ 或 C# 中获得的内容。) top 函数将返回一个内部函数，该函数具有 props 并返回更改这些 props 的方法。这意味着我无法直接访问 Prop 。 (在传统类中将变量声明为 private 时会得到什么)

代码

const Person = function() { //outer function
  const closures = () => { // inner function 
    let firstName, lastname, age, gender; // "class" properties (props) unknown to Person

    return { // returns the methods I can use to update or get the props + functionalities

      //setters - can set the properties of closures
      setFirstName: (name) => {
        firstName = name;
      },
      setLastName: (surname) => {
        lastname = surname;
      },
      setAge: (newAge) => {
        newAge > 0 && newAge < 150 ? age = newAge : console.warn(`Age has not been set, ${newAge} is out of range`);
      },
      setGender: (newGender) => {
        const personExist = (firstName || lastname);
        personExist? gender = newGender : console.warn("This person does not exist, you need to define their first or last name . . .");

        personExist?checkGender(newGender) ? gender = newGender : console.warn(`Gender has not been set. ${newGender} is not supported at the moment.`) : null;
        ;
      },

      //getters - can get the properites of closures
      getFirstName: () => firstName,
      getLastName: () => lastname,
      getAge: ()=> age,
      getGender: ()=>gender,

      //Functionalities -- things that a Person obj can do
      introduction: () => {
        let p1 = firstName ? `Grettings, my name is ${firstName}` : lastname ? `Last Name is ${lastname}` : '';
        let p2 = firstName ? 
                  lastname ? ` ${lastname}.` : '' :
                  lastname ? `. You can refer to me as ${lastname}`: '';
        let p3 = age? `I am ${age} years-old.` : '';

        let p4 = p1 != '' || p2 != '' ? `${lastname?`${p1}${p2} ${p3}`: `${p1}.${p2} ${p3}`}` : "I do not know me . . .";

        return `${p4}`
      },

      speak: function to(Person) { // troublesome part

        if(typeof Person == 'object'){
          console.log(`> ${Person.introduction()}`); 
          // console.log(name.caller)
          // console.log(name.prototype)
          // everything was going well till this part of the challenge, where I am trying to get name.caller so i can access its props
        } else {
          console.warn(`Cannot talk to ${Person} because ${Person} is not of type person.`)
        }
      }
    }
  }

  return closures();
}


// this is the entire code, feel free to use it in anyway whatsoever. 

问题
我所面临的挑战的最后一部分是当我尝试实现“说话”功能时。

-- 预期行为
Person 实例(不是第一个创建的)将调用 talk，传入另一个 person 实例。 在发言中，论证将使用声明的方法之一 self 介绍。然后来电者将进行 self 介绍。

--麻烦的部分
我无法访问“to's”(发言的功能子名称)调用者。 (如果您想知道，我需要给它一个子名称，因为如果我尝试调用“speak”，它将产生错误。)简单的解决方案是将调用者作为参数传递，但我想能够使用调用者方法来访问它。

例如下面的代码

let rian = Person(); 
rian.setFirstName("Rian");
rian.setLastName("Arias");
rian.setGender("Male");
rian.setAge(30);


let pepe = Person();
pepe.setFirstName("Pepe");
pepe.setLastName("Lopez"); 
pepe.setGender("Male");

pepe.speak(dario); // will not work because I haven't been able to get 'caller' to work 

应输出以下内容

> 大家好，我叫达里奥·阿里亚斯。我20岁了。 < 您好，我叫佩佩·洛佩兹。

Answer 1

您可以使用 this 访问当前的 person 实例:

console.log(`> ${this.introduction()}`); 

function checkGender(gender) { return ["Male", "Female"].includes(gender) }

const Person = function() { //outer function
  const closures = () => { // inner function 
    let firstName, lastname, age, gender; // "class" properties (props) unknown to Person
    

    return { // returns the methods I can use to update or get the props + functionalities

      //setters - can set the properties of closures
      setFirstName: (name) => {
        firstName = name;
      },
      setLastName: (surname) => {
        lastname = surname;
      },
      setAge: (newAge) => {
        newAge > 0 && newAge < 150 ? age = newAge : console.warn(`Age has not been set, ${newAge} is out of range`);
      },
      setGender: (newGender) => {
        const personExist = (firstName || lastname);
        personExist? gender = newGender : console.warn("This person does not exist, you need to define their first or last name . . .");

        personExist?checkGender(newGender) ? gender = newGender : console.warn(`Gender has not been set. ${newGender} is not supported at the moment.`) : null;
        ;
      },

      //getters - can get the properites of closures
      getFirstName: () => firstName,
      getLastName: () => lastname,
      getAge: ()=> age,
      getGender: ()=>gender,

      //Functionalities -- things that a Person obj can do
      introduction: () => {
        let p1 = firstName ? `Grettings, my name is ${firstName}` : lastname ? `Last Name is ${lastname}` : '';
        let p2 = firstName ? 
                  lastname ? ` ${lastname}.` : '' :
                  lastname ? `. You can refer to me as ${lastname}`: '';
        let p3 = age? `I am ${age} years-old.` : '';

        let p4 = p1 != '' || p2 != '' ? `${lastname?`${p1}${p2} ${p3}`: `${p1}.${p2} ${p3}`}` : "I do not know me . . .";

        return `${p4}`
      },

      speak: function to(Person) { // troublesome part

        if(typeof Person == 'object'){
          console.log(`> ${Person.introduction()}`); 
          console.log(`> ${this.introduction()}`); 
          // console.log(name.caller)
          // console.log(name.prototype)
          // everything was going well till this part of the challenge, where I am trying to get name.caller so i can access its props
        } else {
          console.warn(`Cannot talk to ${Person} because ${Person} is not of type person.`)
        }
      }
    }
  }
  return closures();
}

let rian = Person(); 
rian.setFirstName("Rian");
rian.setLastName("Arias");
rian.setGender("Male");
rian.setAge(30);


let pepe = Person();
pepe.setFirstName("Pepe");
pepe.setLastName("Lopez"); 
pepe.setGender("Male");

pepe.speak(rian);