java - 测试期间如何在 Android 设备之间切换

Question

我是自动化初学者。我正在 native 应用程序上编写自动测试。 当使用一台设备通过测试时，一切正常。 但我希望在测试过程中涉及 2 个或更多可以分布式工作的设备。 例子: 设备 1(用户 1) 申请开始 登录应用程序 创建一条消息并将其发送给用户 2

设备 2(用户 2) 申请开始 登录应用程序 检查收到的来自用户1的消息

由于我是初学者，根据我的理解，这应该在一次测试中发生，以免进行相互依赖的多个测试，只需在驱动程序(设备)之间切换即可

现在一切都在以下层次结构中完成: MobileDriver 类 - 驱动程序在其中初始化 类测试 帮助类 - 用于延迟、期望等。 具有测试本身逻辑方法的类

如果我的逻辑错误或不可能这样做，请针对此问题提出更正确的解决方案

我在 Idea 工作 java 8 Appium 1.14.0 Windows 10

public class MobileDriver {

    public static AppiumDriver<MobileElement> driver;
    public static AppiumDriver<MobileElement> driver2;

    public void mobileDriver(String arg) throws MalformedURLException {

        if (arg.equals("1")) {
            emulatorDevice5554();
        } else if (arg.equals("2")) {
            emulatorDevice5556();
        } else if (arg.equals("3")) {
            realDevice();
        } else if (arg.equals("4")) {
            test2devices();
        }


    public void emulatorDevice5554() throws MalformedURLException {
        DesiredCapabilities desiredCapabilities = new DesiredCapabilities();
        //desiredCapabilities.setCapability(CapabilityType.BROWSER_NAME, "");
        //desiredCapabilities.setCapability("deviceName", "Android Emulator");
        desiredCapabilities.setCapability("deviceName", "emulator-5554");
        desiredCapabilities.setCapability("platformName", "Android");
        desiredCapabilities.setCapability("platformVersion", "8.1.0");
        desiredCapabilities.setCapability("systemPort", "8201");
        //desiredCapabilities.setCapability("automationName", "Appium");
        desiredCapabilities.setCapability("automationName", "UiAutomator2");
        desiredCapabilities.setCapability("app", "C:/Users/Asus/IdeaProjects/iopayphonex/app/app.apk");
        desiredCapabilities.setCapability("appPackage", "package");
        desiredCapabilities.setCapability("appActivity", "Activity");
        desiredCapabilities.setCapability("noReset", true);

        //initialize mobileDriver
        driver = new AndroidDriver<MobileElement>(new URL("http://127.0.0.1:4723/wd/hub"), desiredCapabilities);
        driver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(60, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
    }

    public void emulatorDevice5556() throws MalformedURLException {
        DesiredCapabilities desiredCapabilities = new DesiredCapabilities();
        //desiredCapabilities.setCapability(CapabilityType.BROWSER_NAME, "");
        //desiredCapabilities.setCapability("deviceName", "Android Emulator");
        desiredCapabilities.setCapability("deviceName", "emulator-5556");
        desiredCapabilities.setCapability("platformName", "Android");
        desiredCapabilities.setCapability("platformVersion", "7.0");
        desiredCapabilities.setCapability("systemPort", "8202");
        //desiredCapabilities.setCapability("automationName", "Appium");
        desiredCapabilities.setCapability("automationName", "UiAutomator2");
        desiredCapabilities.setCapability("app", "C:/Users/Asus/IdeaProjects/iopayphonex/app/app.apk");
        desiredCapabilities.setCapability("appPackage", "package");
        desiredCapabilities.setCapability("appActivity", "Activity");
        desiredCapabilities.setCapability("noReset", true);

        //initialize mobileDriver
        driver2 = new AndroidDriver(new URL("http://127.0.0.1:5000/wd/hub"), desiredCapabilities);
        driver2.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(60, TimeUnit.SECONDS);

    }
}


public abstract class Page {
    public MobileDriver driver;
    public WEBDriver chromeDriver;
}


public class CreateQuestionScreen extends Page {

    public CreateQuestionScreen(MobileDriver driver) {
        super.driver = driver;
    }
    public SwipesAndClicks swipesAndClicks = new SwipesAndClicks(driver);
    public WaitsMobile waitsMobile = new WaitsMobile(driver);
    public Randomizer randomizer = new Randomizer();
    Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(ContinueScreen.class);

public void searchQuestion() {
        waitsMobile.waitForElementAndClick(By.xpath(C.BTN_FORUM),
                "element BTN_FORUM not found",
                2);
        logger.info("success click to BTN_FORUM element");
        waitsMobile.waitForElementAndClick(By.xpath(C.CHOOSE_BUSINESS_CATEGORY),
                "element CHOOSE_BUSINESS_CATEGORY not found",
                2);
        logger.info("success choose CHOOSE_BUSINESS_CATEGORY element");
        try {
            waitsMobile.waitForElementAndClick(By.xpath("//android.widget.TextView[@text='" + testQuestion + "']"),
                    "element" + testQuestion + "not found from try",
                    2);
            logger.info("message '" + testQuestion + "' found");
        } catch (NoSuchElementException e) {
            System.out.println("element" + testQuestion + "not found from catch");
        }
    }
}


public class SendMessageToExpertTest extends utility.tested.Test {

    public static MobileDriver driver;
    public static SwipesAndClicks swipesAndClicks;
    public static WaitsMobile waitsMobile;
    public static ContinueScreen continueScreen;
    public static SignInScreen signInScreen;
    public static ProfileScreen profileScreen;
    public static ExpertProfileScreen expertProfileScreen;

    @BeforeClass
    public static void setUp() throws MalformedURLException, InterruptedException {
        driver = new MobileDriver();
        continueScreen = new ContinueScreen(driver);
        signInScreen = new SignInScreen(driver);
        profileScreen = new ProfileScreen(driver);
        waitsMobile = new WaitsMobile(driver);
        driver.mobileDriver("1");
        driver2.mobileDriver("2");
        swipesAndClicks = new SwipesAndClicks(driver);
        expertProfileScreen = new ExpertProfileScreen(driver);

        continueScreen.clickContinueButton();
        signInScreen.signInViaGoogle();
        Thread.sleep(6000);
        swipesAndClicks.clickToTips();
    }


    @Category(Regression.class)
    @Test
    public void sendMessageToExpertTest() throws Exception{
        expertProfileScreen.sendMessageToExpert();
        swipesAndClicks.clickToPinCode();
        expertProfileScreen.checkMessage();

    }

}

Answer 1

你的代码有点乱。我建议您阅读有关 Java 面向对象编程的更多内容。因为我认为同时使用两个设备很有趣，所以我会尽力帮助您，并且我清理了您的代码(我没有测试它，它只会引导您走向正确的方向)。

我改变的事情:

• MobileDriver 类:
  • 我会将类 MobileDriver 重命名为 SetUpDriver(或类似名称)，并将其用作实用程序类。
  • 隐藏构造函数，没有人可以创建它的实例。 Can a constructor in Java be private?
  • 使该类成为最终类，使其无法扩展。 What is the point of “final class” in Java?
  • 从类外部只能调用方法 getMobileDriver。该方法返回一个新的AndroidDriver。
  • 从 Java7 开始，可以在 switch 语句中使用字符串。 New Java 7 Feature: String in Switch support
  • 移动通用功能将减少重复代码。您可以使用参数设置端口和其他功能，而不是使用两种类似的方法。
• 现在进行测试:
  • 如果您在所有测试中都需要这两种设备，您可以将它们添加到基类 Page.java 中。如果没有，我只会将第二个驱动程序添加到您需要的测试类中。
  • 不要将这些字段设为静态。 What is the exact meaning of static fields in Java?
  • 初始化这两个设备后，您可以在测试方法中随意使用它们。

SetUpDriver.java

public final class SetUpDriver {

    private SetUpDriver() {
        // Hide the constructor.
    }

    public static AndroidDriver<MobileElement> getMobileDriver(String type) throws MalformedURLException {
        switch (type) {
        case "1":
            return emulatorDevice5554();
        case "2":
            return emulatorDevice5556();
        default:
            throw new IllegalArgumentException();
        }
    }

    private static AndroidDriver<MobileElement> emulatorDevice5554() throws MalformedURLException {
        DesiredCapabilities desiredCapabilities = getCommonCapabilities();
        desiredCapabilities.setCapability("deviceName", "emulator-5554");
        desiredCapabilities.setCapability("platformVersion", "8.1.0");
        desiredCapabilities.setCapability("systemPort", "8201");

        // initialize mobileDriver
        AndroidDriver<MobileElement> driver = new AndroidDriver<>(new URL("http://127.0.0.1:4723/wd/hub"),
                desiredCapabilities);
        driver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(60, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
        return driver;
    }

    private static AndroidDriver<MobileElement> emulatorDevice5556() throws MalformedURLException {
        DesiredCapabilities desiredCapabilities = getCommonCapabilities();
        desiredCapabilities.setCapability("deviceName", "emulator-5556");
        desiredCapabilities.setCapability("platformVersion", "7.0");
        desiredCapabilities.setCapability("systemPort", "8202");

        // initialize mobileDriver
        AndroidDriver<MobileElement> driver = new AndroidDriver<>(new URL("http://127.0.0.1:5000/wd/hub"),
                desiredCapabilities);
        driver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(60, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
        return driver;
    }

    private static DesiredCapabilities getCommonCapabilities() {
        DesiredCapabilities desiredCapabilities = new DesiredCapabilities();
        desiredCapabilities.setCapability("platformName", "Android");
        desiredCapabilities.setCapability("automationName", "UiAutomator2");
        desiredCapabilities.setCapability("app", "C:/Users/Asus/IdeaProjects/iopayphonex/app/app.apk");
        desiredCapabilities.setCapability("appPackage", "package");
        desiredCapabilities.setCapability("appActivity", "Activity");
        desiredCapabilities.setCapability("noReset", true);
        return desiredCapabilities;
    }
}

SendMessageToExpertTest.java

public class SendMessageToExpertTest extends utility.tested.Test {

    private AndroidDriver<MobileElement> driver; // first device
    private AndroidDriver<MobileElement> driver2; // second device
    // Other members if needed.

    @BeforeClass
    public void setUp() throws MalformedURLException, InterruptedException {
        driver = SetUpDriver.getMobileDriver("1");
        driver2 = SetUpDriver.getMobileDriver("2");
        // Init other objects if needed.
    }

    @Category(Regression.class)
    @Test
    public void sendMessageToExpertTest() throws Exception {
        // Perform your test.
        // TODO
    }
}

<小时/>

总而言之，我认为在开始编写自动化测试之前最好先学习 Java 和 OOP。