java - getClass().getResource() 仅适用于 Gradle

Question

我正在 Windows 10 上使用 Gradle 构建 JavaFx 应用程序。我使用 Gradle init 任务创建了该项目，因此目录结构为

src
|--- main
     |--- java
     |    |--- thomas/software/helloworld/App.java (Main class)
     |    |--- thomas/software/helloworld/MainViewController.java (extends JavaFX Application)
     |--- resources
          |--- imgs/    (some images)
          |--- layout/  (fxml files)

在我的 Controller 中，我尝试加载布局文件:

FXMLLoader loader = new FXMLLoader(
                    getClass().getResource("../../../layout/main.fxml").toURI().toURL());

我加载这样的图像:

path = getClass().getClassLoader().getResource("imgs/question.png").toExternalForm();

当我使用 gradle run 或 gradlew run 运行项目时，这两种方法可以互换使用。

我的问题是，当我运行 gradlew distZip 生成的分发版时，从生成的批处理文件运行找不到布局文件并引发空指针异常。
build/libs 中生成的 jar 文件和 build/distributions 中的 zip 文件的结构是相同的，如下所示:

imgs/ (images are there)
layout/ (layout file also there)
META-INF/ 
thomas/software/helloworld/ (everything there as well)

这是我的 build.gradle 文件:

/*
 * This file was generated by the Gradle 'init' task.
 *
 * This generated file contains a sample Java project to get you started.
 * For more details take a look at the Java Quickstart chapter in the Gradle
 * User Manual available at https://docs.gradle.org/6.1/userguide/tutorial_java_projects.html
 */

plugins {
    // Apply the java plugin to add support for Java
    id 'java'

    // Apply the application plugin to add support for building a CLI application.
    id 'application'
    id 'org.openjfx.javafxplugin' version '0.0.8'
}

javafx {
    version = "13"
    modules = ['javafx.controls', 'javafx.fxml']
}

tasks.withType(JavaExec) {
    if (System.getProperty('DEBUG', 'false') == 'true') {
        jvmArgs '-Xdebug', '-Xrunjdwp:transport=dt_socket,server=y,suspend=y,address=9099'
    }
}

repositories {
    // Use jcenter for resolving dependencies.
    // You can declare any Maven/Ivy/file repository here.
    jcenter()
}

dependencies {
    // This dependency is used by the application.
    implementation 'com.google.guava:guava:28.1-jre'

    // Use JUnit Jupiter API for testing.
    testImplementation 'org.junit.jupiter:junit-jupiter-api:5.5.2'

    // Use JUnit Jupiter Engine for testing.
    testRuntimeOnly 'org.junit.jupiter:junit-jupiter-engine:5.5.2'
}

application {
    // Define the main class for the application.
    mainClassName = 'thomas.software.helloworld.App'
}

test {
    // Use junit platform for unit tests
    useJUnitPlatform()
}

Java 版本 13
Gradle 版本 6.1。

我缺少什么？

Answer 1

谢谢@Slaw 和@Compass。它与.代码的相关部分:

var instream = getClass().getClassLoader().getResourceAsStream("layout/main.fxml");
FXMLLoader loader = new FXMLLoader();
loader.setController(this);
loader.load(instream);