c# - Windows 通用应用程序串行端口无法打开，SerialDevice.FromIdAsync 始终为空

Question

我正在尝试在 Windows 通用应用程序中使用串行端口。我一直在使用 Microsoft 的 Serial Sample 应用程序作为模板，但是我遇到了一个相当奇怪的问题。

var dis = await DeviceInformation.FindAllAsync(SerialDevice.GetDeviceSelectorFromUsbVidPid(0x04D8, 0x000A));
var sp = await SerialDevice.FromIdAsync(dis[0].Id);

这是一个失败的片段。它与原始样本略有不同，因为它连接到具有特定供应商的第一台设备。现在，如果我将此代码段放入 Microsoft 生成的示例应用程序中，串行端口将打开，一切正常。但是，当我将这段代码移到我自​​己的项目中时，它总是从该方法返回 null。

这是来自 Microsoft 示例的完整 MainPage.xaml.cs 以及我的提醒: 这有效!!

// Copyright (c) Microsoft. All rights reserved.

using System;
using System.Collections.ObjectModel;
using System.Diagnostics;
using System.Linq;
using Windows.UI.Xaml;
using Windows.UI.Xaml.Controls;
using Windows.Devices.Enumeration;
using Windows.Devices.SerialCommunication;
using Windows.Storage.Streams;
using System.Threading;
using System.Threading.Tasks;

namespace SerialSample
{    
  public sealed partial class MainPage : Page
  {
    /// <summary>
    /// Private variables
    /// </summary>
    private SerialDevice serialPort = null;
    DataWriter dataWriteObject = null;
    DataReader dataReaderObject = null;

    private ObservableCollection<DeviceInformation> listOfDevices;
    private CancellationTokenSource ReadCancellationTokenSource;

    public MainPage()
    {
        this.InitializeComponent();            
        comPortInput.IsEnabled = false;
        sendTextButton.IsEnabled = false;
        listOfDevices = new ObservableCollection<DeviceInformation>();
        ListAvailablePorts();
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// ListAvailablePorts
    /// - Use SerialDevice.GetDeviceSelector to enumerate all serial devices
    /// - Attaches the DeviceInformation to the ListBox source so that DeviceIds are displayed
    /// </summary>
    private async void ListAvailablePorts()
    {
        try
        {
            string aqs = SerialDevice.GetDeviceSelector();
            var dis = await DeviceInformation.FindAllAsync(SerialDevice.GetDeviceSelectorFromUsbVidPid(0x04D8, 0x000A));
            serialPort = await SerialDevice.FromIdAsync(dis[0].Id);

            status.Text = "Select a device and connect";

            for (int i = 0; i < dis.Count; i++)
            {
                listOfDevices.Add(dis[i]);
            }

            DeviceListSource.Source = listOfDevices;
            comPortInput.IsEnabled = true;
            ConnectDevices.SelectedIndex = -1;

            try
            {


                // Disable the 'Connect' button 
                comPortInput.IsEnabled = false;

                // Configure serial settings
                serialPort.WriteTimeout = TimeSpan.FromMilliseconds(1000);
                serialPort.ReadTimeout = TimeSpan.FromMilliseconds(1000);
                serialPort.BaudRate = 9600;
                serialPort.Parity = SerialParity.None;
                serialPort.StopBits = SerialStopBitCount.One;
                serialPort.DataBits = 8;
                serialPort.Handshake = SerialHandshake.None;

                // Display configured settings
                status.Text = "Serial port configured successfully: ";
                status.Text += serialPort.BaudRate + "-";
                status.Text += serialPort.DataBits + "-";
                status.Text += serialPort.Parity.ToString() + "-";
                status.Text += serialPort.StopBits;

                // Set the RcvdText field to invoke the TextChanged callback
                // The callback launches an async Read task to wait for data
                rcvdText.Text = "Waiting for data...";

                // Create cancellation token object to close I/O operations when closing the device
                ReadCancellationTokenSource = new CancellationTokenSource();

                // Enable 'WRITE' button to allow sending data
                sendTextButton.IsEnabled = true;

                Listen();
            }
            catch (Exception ex)
            {
                status.Text = ex.Message;
                comPortInput.IsEnabled = true;
                sendTextButton.IsEnabled = false;
            }
        }
        catch (Exception ex)
        {
            status.Text = ex.Message;
        }
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// comPortInput_Click: Action to take when 'Connect' button is clicked
    /// - Get the selected device index and use Id to create the SerialDevice object
    /// - Configure default settings for the serial port
    /// - Create the ReadCancellationTokenSource token
    /// - Start listening on the serial port input
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="sender"></param>
    /// <param name="e"></param>
    private async void comPortInput_Click(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e)
    {
        var selection = ConnectDevices.SelectedItems;

        if (selection.Count <= 0)
        {
            status.Text = "Select a device and connect";
            return;
        }

        DeviceInformation entry = (DeviceInformation)selection[0];         

        try
        {                
            serialPort = await SerialDevice.FromIdAsync(entry.Id);

            // Disable the 'Connect' button 
            comPortInput.IsEnabled = false;

            // Configure serial settings
            serialPort.WriteTimeout = TimeSpan.FromMilliseconds(1000);
            serialPort.ReadTimeout = TimeSpan.FromMilliseconds(1000);                
            serialPort.BaudRate = 9600;
            serialPort.Parity = SerialParity.None;
            serialPort.StopBits = SerialStopBitCount.One;
            serialPort.DataBits = 8;
            serialPort.Handshake = SerialHandshake.None;

            // Display configured settings
            status.Text = "Serial port configured successfully: ";
            status.Text += serialPort.BaudRate + "-";
            status.Text += serialPort.DataBits + "-";
            status.Text += serialPort.Parity.ToString() + "-";
            status.Text += serialPort.StopBits;

            // Set the RcvdText field to invoke the TextChanged callback
            // The callback launches an async Read task to wait for data
            rcvdText.Text = "Waiting for data...";

            // Create cancellation token object to close I/O operations when closing the device
            ReadCancellationTokenSource = new CancellationTokenSource();

            // Enable 'WRITE' button to allow sending data
            sendTextButton.IsEnabled = true;

            Listen();
        }
        catch (Exception ex)
        {
            status.Text = ex.Message;
            comPortInput.IsEnabled = true;
            sendTextButton.IsEnabled = false;
        }
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// sendTextButton_Click: Action to take when 'WRITE' button is clicked
    /// - Create a DataWriter object with the OutputStream of the SerialDevice
    /// - Create an async task that performs the write operation
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="sender"></param>
    /// <param name="e"></param>
    private async void sendTextButton_Click(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e)
    {
        try
        {                
            if (serialPort != null)
            {
                // Create the DataWriter object and attach to OutputStream
                dataWriteObject = new DataWriter(serialPort.OutputStream);

                //Launch the WriteAsync task to perform the write
                await WriteAsync();
            }
            else
            {
                status.Text = "Select a device and connect";                
            }
        }
        catch (Exception ex)
        {
            status.Text = "sendTextButton_Click: " + ex.Message;
        }
        finally
        {
            // Cleanup once complete
            if (dataWriteObject != null)
            {
                dataWriteObject.DetachStream();
                dataWriteObject = null;
            }
        }
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// WriteAsync: Task that asynchronously writes data from the input text box 'sendText' to the OutputStream 
    /// </summary>
    /// <returns></returns>
    private async Task WriteAsync()
    {
        Task<UInt32> storeAsyncTask;

        if (sendText.Text.Length != 0)
        {
            // Load the text from the sendText input text box to the dataWriter object
            dataWriteObject.WriteString(sendText.Text);                

            // Launch an async task to complete the write operation
            storeAsyncTask = dataWriteObject.StoreAsync().AsTask();

            UInt32 bytesWritten = await storeAsyncTask;
            if (bytesWritten > 0)
            {                    
                status.Text = sendText.Text + ", ";
                status.Text += "bytes written successfully!";
            }
            sendText.Text = "";
        }
        else
        {
            status.Text = "Enter the text you want to write and then click on 'WRITE'";
        }
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// - Create a DataReader object
    /// - Create an async task to read from the SerialDevice InputStream
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="sender"></param>
    /// <param name="e"></param>
    private async void Listen()
    {
        try
        {
            if (serialPort != null)
            {
                dataReaderObject = new DataReader(serialPort.InputStream);

                // keep reading the serial input
                while (true)
                {
                    await ReadAsync(ReadCancellationTokenSource.Token);
                }
            }
        }
        catch (Exception ex)
        {
            if (ex.GetType().Name == "TaskCanceledException")
            {
                status.Text = "Reading task was cancelled, closing device and cleaning up";
                CloseDevice();
            }
            else
            {
                status.Text = ex.Message;
            }
        }
        finally
        {
            // Cleanup once complete
            if (dataReaderObject != null)
            {
                dataReaderObject.DetachStream();
                dataReaderObject = null;
            }
        }
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// ReadAsync: Task that waits on data and reads asynchronously from the serial device InputStream
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="cancellationToken"></param>
    /// <returns></returns>
    private async Task ReadAsync(CancellationToken cancellationToken)
    {
        Task<UInt32> loadAsyncTask;

        uint ReadBufferLength = 1024;

        // If task cancellation was requested, comply
        cancellationToken.ThrowIfCancellationRequested();

        // Set InputStreamOptions to complete the asynchronous read operation when one or more bytes is available
        dataReaderObject.InputStreamOptions = InputStreamOptions.Partial;

        // Create a task object to wait for data on the serialPort.InputStream
        loadAsyncTask = dataReaderObject.LoadAsync(ReadBufferLength).AsTask(cancellationToken);

        // Launch the task and wait
        UInt32 bytesRead = await loadAsyncTask;
        if (bytesRead > 0)
        {
            rcvdText.Text = dataReaderObject.ReadString(bytesRead);
            status.Text = "bytes read successfully!";
        }            
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// CancelReadTask:
    /// - Uses the ReadCancellationTokenSource to cancel read operations
    /// </summary>
    private void CancelReadTask()
    {         
        if (ReadCancellationTokenSource != null)
        {
            if (!ReadCancellationTokenSource.IsCancellationRequested)
            {
                ReadCancellationTokenSource.Cancel();
            }
        }         
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// CloseDevice:
    /// - Disposes SerialDevice object
    /// - Clears the enumerated device Id list
    /// </summary>
    private void CloseDevice()
    {            
        if (serialPort != null)
        {
            serialPort.Dispose();
        }
        serialPort = null;

        comPortInput.IsEnabled = true;
        sendTextButton.IsEnabled = false;            
        rcvdText.Text = "";
        listOfDevices.Clear();               
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// closeDevice_Click: Action to take when 'Disconnect and Refresh List' is clicked on
    /// - Cancel all read operations
    /// - Close and dispose the SerialDevice object
    /// - Enumerate connected devices
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="sender"></param>
    /// <param name="e"></param>
    private void closeDevice_Click(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e)
    {
        try
        {
            status.Text = "";
            CancelReadTask();
            CloseDevice();
            ListAvailablePorts();
        }
        catch (Exception ex)
        {
            status.Text = ex.Message;
        }          
    }        
  }
}

下一个 block 如果来 self 的代码。 ConnectToSerialPort() 中的前两行与之前的测试相同，但是 SerialDevice.FromIdAsync(dis[0].id); 始终为空。 这行不通!!

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Diagnostics;
using System.IO;
using System.Linq;
using Windows.Devices.Enumeration;
using Windows.Devices.SerialCommunication;
using Windows.Storage.Streams;
using Windows.UI.Xaml.Controls;

namespace OpenLab.Kitchen.Receiver
{
public sealed partial class MainPage : Page
{
    private List<byte> Bytes { get; set; }

    public MainPage()
    {
        this.InitializeComponent();
        Bytes = new List<byte>();
        ConnectToSerialPort();
    }

    private async void ConnectToSerialPort()
    {
        var dis = await DeviceInformation.FindAllAsync(SerialDevice.GetDeviceSelectorFromUsbVidPid(0x04D8, 0x000A));
        var sp = await SerialDevice.FromIdAsync(dis[0].Id);

        Debug.WriteLine(sp.UsbVendorId);

        DeviceInformationCollection serialDevices;

        while ((serialDevices = await DeviceInformation.FindAllAsync(SerialDevice.GetDeviceSelectorFromUsbVidPid(0x04D8, 0x000A))).Count < 1)
        {
            Debug.WriteLine("Unable to locate...");
        }

        SerialDevice serialPort;

        while ((serialPort = await SerialDevice.FromIdAsync(serialDevices[0].Id)) == null)
        {
            Debug.WriteLine("Failed to open serial port...");
        }

        serialPort.WriteTimeout = TimeSpan.FromMilliseconds(1000);
        serialPort.ReadTimeout = TimeSpan.FromMilliseconds(1000);
        serialPort.BaudRate = 9600;
        serialPort.Parity = SerialParity.None;
        serialPort.StopBits = SerialStopBitCount.One;
        serialPort.DataBits = 8;
        serialPort.Handshake = SerialHandshake.None;

        var dataReader = new DataReader(serialPort.InputStream);
        var buffer = new byte[1024];

        while (true)
        {
            var bytesRead = await dataReader.LoadAsync((uint)buffer.Length);
            dataReader.ReadBytes(buffer);
            Bytes.AddRange(buffer.Take((int)bytesRead));

            byte[] slipPacket;
            while ((slipPacket = Slip.ExtractSlipPacket(Bytes)) != null)
            {
                var waxPacket = WaxPacketConverter.FromBinary(slipPacket, DateTime.Now);
                if (waxPacket != null)
                {
                    Debug.WriteLine(waxPacket);
                }
            }
        }
    }
  }
}

我已经检查了所有 list 权限以匹配它们并检查了诸如引用的 DLL 版本之类的东西，一切看起来都一样。还检查了像以管理员身份运行 VS 之类的事情，我没有同时打开两个应用程序，所以它不是应该保持端口打开或任何东西......

有没有人有什么想法？

Answer 1

因此，Microsoft 没有提到您需要向应用程序 list 中添加一些内容以进行串行通信，也没有在应用程序 list GUI 中为串行通信勾选复选框。

需要将以下内容添加到您的应用程序 list (如果不存在，请创建 <Capabilities> 部分):

<Capabilities>
  <DeviceCapability Name="serialcommunication">
    <Device Id="any">
      <Function Type="name:serialPort" />
    </Device>
  </DeviceCapability>
</Capabilities>

更新 10/2016

Microsoft 已更新其文档以反射(reflect)此要求。

https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/apps/windows.devices.serialcommunication.aspx