java - findViewById 从 Activity 返回 null

Question

这个问题似乎被问了很多，但我找不到答案。我欢迎任何可以解决我的问题的副本链接。

我有两种 View ，一种是自定义的，另一种是在 xml 中定义的

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    android:orientation="horizontal"
    android:id="@+id/button_bar_id" >

    <Button
        android:layout_width="wrap_content" 
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:id="@+id/button_undo"></Button>
</LinearLayout>

在我的主要 Activity 中，我获得对两个 View 的引用，并创建一个 FrameLayout 将它们放入:

@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
    super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);

    canvasView = new CustomCanvasView(this);

    buttonBar = (LinearLayout) findViewById(R.id.button_bar_id);
    frameLayout = new FrameLayout(this);
    frameLayout.addView(canvasView);
    frameLayout.addView(buttonBar);
    setContentView(frameLayout);
}

就是这样!如果我只使用 FrameLayout 和自定义 View ，一切都会正常，但如果我尝试添加预定义 View ButtonBar，那么我会从初始化它的行中得到 nullPointerException。

我查看了this问题的解决方案似乎是首先调用 setContentView(frameLayout) ，但这对我不起作用，实际上使工作案例(我不添加buttonBar)自相矛盾地崩溃。

知道这里发生了什么吗？

谢谢!

更新

因此，正如一些人建议的那样，我尝试修改我的 xml 文件，以便它包含对我的自定义 View 的引用:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    android:orientation="horizontal"
    android:id="@+id/button_bar_id" >

<com.collin.customcanvasengine.CustomCanvasView
    android:layout_width="wrap_content"
    android:layout_height="wrap_content"
    android:id="@+id/customCanvasView">
</com.collin.customcanvasengine.CustomCanvasView>
<Button
    android:layout_width="wrap_content" 
    android:layout_height="wrap_content"
    android:id="@+id/button_undo"></Button>

</LinearLayout>

以及修改我的主要 Activity ，以便它使用此 xml 文件作为其内容 View :

@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
    super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
    setContentView(R.layout.button_bar);

    canvasView = (CustomCanvasView) findViewById(R.id.customCanvasView);
    canvasView.setDimensions(10,10);
    canvasView.requestFocus();
}

现在我收到的错误是我的自定义 View 无法膨胀:

android.view.InflateException:二进制 XML 文件第 8 行:膨胀类 com.collin.customcanvasengine.CustomCanvasView 时出错

有什么想法吗？谢谢。

更新

这是 logcat 输出:

06-06 01:55:30.010: E/Trace(19901): error opening trace file: Permission denied (13)
06-06 01:55:30.010: D/ActivityThread(19901): setTargetHeapUtilization:0.25
06-06 01:55:30.010: D/ActivityThread(19901): setTargetHeapIdealFree:8388608
06-06 01:55:30.010: D/ActivityThread(19901): setTargetHeapConcurrentStart:2097152
06-06 01:55:30.050: D/AndroidRuntime(19901): Shutting down VM
06-06 01:55:30.050: W/dalvikvm(19901): threadid=1: thread exiting with uncaught exception     (group=0x410b5438)
06-06 01:55:30.060: I/Process(19901): Sending signal. PID: 19901 SIG: 9
06-06 01:55:30.060: E/AndroidRuntime(19901): FATAL EXCEPTION: main
06-06 01:55:30.060: E/AndroidRuntime(19901): java.lang.RuntimeException: Unable to start activity ComponentInfo{com.collin.customcanvasengine/com.collin.customcanvasengine.MainActivity}: android.view.InflateException: Binary XML file line #8: Error inflating class com.collin.customcanvasengine.CustomCanvasView
06-06 01:55:30.060: E/AndroidRuntime(19901):    at android.app.ActivityThread.performLaunchActivity(ActivityThread.java:2117)
06-06 01:55:30.060: E/AndroidRuntime(19901):    at android.app.ActivityThread.handleLaunchActivity(ActivityThread.java:2155)
06-06 01:55:30.060: E/AndroidRuntime(19901):    at android.app.ActivityThread.access$700(ActivityThread.java:139)
06-06 01:55:30.060: E/AndroidRuntime(19901):    at android.app.ActivityThread$H.handleMessage(ActivityThread.java:1248)
06-06 01:55:30.060: E/AndroidRuntime(19901):    at android.os.Handler.dispatchMessage(Handler.java:99)
06-06 01:55:30.060: E/AndroidRuntime(19901):    at android.os.Looper.loop(Looper.java:137)
06-06 01:55:30.060: E/AndroidRuntime(19901):    at android.app.ActivityThread.main(ActivityThread.java:5062)
06-06 01:55:30.060: E/AndroidRuntime(19901):    at java.lang.reflect.Method.invokeNative(Native Method)
06-06 01:55:30.060: E/AndroidRuntime(19901):    at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:511)
06-06 01:55:30.060: E/AndroidRuntime(19901):    at com.android.internal.os.ZygoteInit$MethodAndArgsCaller.run(ZygoteInit.java:795)
06-06 01:55:30.060: E/AndroidRuntime(19901):    at com.android.internal.os.ZygoteInit.main(ZygoteInit.java:558)
06-06 01:55:30.060: E/AndroidRuntime(19901):    at dalvik.system.NativeStart.main(Native Method)
06-06 01:55:30.060: E/AndroidRuntime(19901): Caused by: android.view.InflateException: Binary XML file line #8: Error inflating class com.collin.customcanvasengine.CustomCanvasView
06-06 01:55:30.060: E/AndroidRuntime(19901):    at android.view.LayoutInflater.createView(LayoutInflater.java:596)
06-06 01:55:30.060: E/AndroidRuntime(19901):    at android.view.LayoutInflater.createViewFromTag(LayoutInflater.java:687)
06-06 01:55:30.060: E/AndroidRuntime(19901):    at android.view.LayoutInflater.rInflate(LayoutInflater.java:746)
06-06 01:55:30.060: E/AndroidRuntime(19901):    at android.view.LayoutInflater.inflate(LayoutInflater.java:489)
06-06 01:55:30.060: E/AndroidRuntime(19901):    at android.view.LayoutInflater.inflate(LayoutInflater.java:396)
06-06 01:55:30.060: E/AndroidRuntime(19901):    at android.view.LayoutInflater.inflate(LayoutInflater.java:352)
06-06 01:55:30.060: E/AndroidRuntime(19901):    at com.android.internal.policy.impl.PhoneWindow.setContentView(PhoneWindow.java:256)
06-06 01:55:30.060: E/AndroidRuntime(19901):    at android.app.Activity.setContentView(Activity.java:1893)
06-06 01:55:30.060: E/AndroidRuntime(19901):    at com.collin.customcanvasengine.MainActivity.onCreate(MainActivity.java:23)
06-06 01:55:30.060: E/AndroidRuntime(19901):    at android.app.Activity.performCreate(Activity.java:5058)
06-06 01:55:30.060: E/AndroidRuntime(19901):    at android.app.Instrumentation.callActivityOnCreate(Instrumentation.java:1079)
06-06 01:55:30.060: E/AndroidRuntime(19901):    at android.app.ActivityThread.performLaunchActivity(ActivityThread.java:2081)
06-06 01:55:30.060: E/AndroidRuntime(19901):    ... 11 more
06-06 01:55:30.060: E/AndroidRuntime(19901): Caused by: java.lang.NoSuchMethodException: <init> [class android.content.Context, interface android.util.AttributeSet]
06-06 01:55:30.060: E/AndroidRuntime(19901):    at java.lang.Class.getConstructorOrMethod(Class.java:460)
06-06 01:55:30.060: E/AndroidRuntime(19901):    at java.lang.Class.getConstructor(Class.java:431)
06-06 01:55:30.060: E/AndroidRuntime(19901):    at android.view.LayoutInflater.createView(LayoutInflater.java:561)
06-06 01:55:30.060: E/AndroidRuntime(19901):    ... 22 more

此外，CustomCanvasView 的构造函数的形式为

公共(public) CustomCanvasView(上下文上下文)

最终更新

所以克里斯托弗·佩里的回答最适合我。正如所建议的，有必要有一个 public CustomCanvasView(Context context, AttributeSet attr) 形式的构造函数，并且重要的是，在此构造函数中对 super 的调用中将属性集传递给父级。目前我还没有使用构造函数中设置的属性，但我可能决定将来实现自定义属性。无论哪种方式都会起作用。

再次感谢大家，并感谢 Christopher Perry 的帮助。

Answer 1

尝试使用LayoutInflater.inflate:

canvasView = new CustomCanvasView(this);
LayoutInflater inflater= (LayoutInflater)this.getSystemService(
                                               Context.LAYOUT_INFLATER_SERVICE);
View buttonBar=inflater.inflate(R.layout.your_layout_name,null);
frameLayout = new FrameLayout(this);
frameLayout.addView(canvasView);
frameLayout.addView(buttonBar);
setContentView(frameLayout);