java - 无法在 Spring MVC Controller 测试中模拟服务类

标签 java spring spring-mvc mocking mockito

我有一个 Spring 3.2 MVC 应用程序，并且正在使用 Spring MVC 测试框架来测试我的 Controller 操作上的 GET 和 POST 请求。我正在使用 Mockito 来模拟服务，但我发现这些模拟被忽略了，并且正在使用我的实际服务层(因此，数据库正在被命中)。

我的 Controller 测试中的代码:

package name.hines.steven.medical_claims_tracker.controllers;

import static org.mockito.Matchers.isA;
import static org.mockito.Mockito.when;
import static org.springframework.test.web.servlet.request.MockMvcRequestBuilders.post;
import static org.springframework.test.web.servlet.result.MockMvcResultMatchers.model;
import static org.springframework.test.web.servlet.result.MockMvcResultMatchers.redirectedUrl;
import static org.springframework.test.web.servlet.result.MockMvcResultMatchers.status;
import static org.springframework.test.web.servlet.result.MockMvcResultMatchers.view;
import name.hines.steven.medical_claims_tracker.domain.Policy;
import name.hines.steven.medical_claims_tracker.services.PolicyService;

import org.junit.Before;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.mockito.Mock;
import org.mockito.MockitoAnnotations;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.test.context.ContextConfiguration;
import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner;
import org.springframework.test.context.web.WebAppConfiguration;
import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.MockMvc;
import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.setup.MockMvcBuilders;
import org.springframework.web.context.WebApplicationContext;

@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
@WebAppConfiguration
@ContextConfiguration({ "classpath:/applicationContext.xml", "classpath:/tests_persistence-applicationContext.xml" })
public class PolicyControllerTest {

    @Mock
    PolicyService service;

    @Autowired
    private WebApplicationContext wac;

    private MockMvc mockMvc;

    @Before
    public void setup() {
        this.mockMvc = MockMvcBuilders.webAppContextSetup(this.wac).build();

        // this must be called for the @Mock annotations above to be processed.
        MockitoAnnotations.initMocks(this);
    }

    @Test
    public void createOrUpdateFailsWhenInvalidDataPostedAndSendsUserBackToForm() throws Exception {
        // Post no parameters in this request to force errors
        mockMvc.perform(post("/policies/persist")).andExpect(status().isOk())
            .andExpect(model().attributeHasErrors("policy"))
            .andExpect(view().name("createOrUpdatePolicy"));
    }

    @Test
    public void createOrUpdateSuccessful() throws Exception {

        // Mock the service method to force a known response
        when(service.save(isA(Policy.class))).thenReturn(new Policy());

        mockMvc.perform(
                post("/policies/persist").param("companyName", "Company Name")
                .param("name", "Name").param("effectiveDate", "2001-01-01"))
                .andExpect(status().isMovedTemporarily()).andExpect(model().hasNoErrors())
                .andExpect(redirectedUrl("list"));
    }
}

您会注意到我有两个上下文配置文件；这是一个 hack，因为如果我无法阻止 Controller 测试到达实际的服务层，那么该服务层可能会将其存储库指向测试数据库。我还没有到无法再摆脱这种黑客攻击并且需要能够正确模拟我的服务层的地步。

为什么 when(service.save(isA(Policy.class))).thenReturn(new Policy()); 没有启动并模拟 PolicyService 中的 save 方法？我在某处错过了一些模拟配置吗？我需要在 Spring 配置中添加什么吗？到目前为止，我的研究仅限于谷歌搜索“spring mvc test mockito not working”，但这并没有给我太多的继续。

谢谢。

更新 1

你是对的@tom-verelst，我指的是我的测试中的 PolicyService service; 行，所以 MockMvc 内的服务当然会被注入(inject) Spring 。

我做了一些研究，发现 a blog post这很好地解释了 @InjectMocks 的用途。

然后我尝试用 @InjectMocks 注释 private MockMvc mockMvc 仍然遇到同样的问题(即 MockMvc 中的服务是 没有像我期望的那样被 mock )。我在调试期间添加了堆栈跟踪，其中调用了 PolicyServiceImpl 上的 save 方法(与模拟服务中对 save 方法的期望调用相反)。

Thread [main] (Suspended (breakpoint at line 29 in DomainEntityServiceImpl) PolicyServiceImpl(DomainEntityServiceImpl<T>).save(T) line: 29

NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Method, Object, Object[]) line: not available [native method]
NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(Object, Object[]) line: 39
DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(Object, Object[]) line: 25
Method.invoke(Object, Object...) line: 597  
AopUtils.invokeJoinpointUsingReflection(Object, Method, Object[]) line: 317
ReflectiveMethodInvocation.invokeJoinpoint() line: 183  
ReflectiveMethodInvocation.proceed() line: 150  
TransactionInterceptor$1.proceedWithInvocation() line: 96
TransactionInterceptor(TransactionAspectSupport).invokeWithinTransaction(Method, Class, TransactionAspectSupport$InvocationCallback) line: 260  
TransactionInterceptor.invoke(MethodInvocation) line: 94
ReflectiveMethodInvocation.proceed() line: 172  
JdkDynamicAopProxy.invoke(Object, Method, Object[]) line: 204
$Proxy44.save(DomainEntity) line: not available 
PolicyController.createOrUpdate(Policy, BindingResult) line: 64
NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Method, Object, Object[]) line: not available [native method]
NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(Object, Object[]) line: 39
DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(Object, Object[]) line: 25
Method.invoke(Object, Object...) line: 597  
ServletInvocableHandlerMethod(InvocableHandlerMethod).invoke(Object...) line: 219
ServletInvocableHandlerMethod(InvocableHandlerMethod).invokeForRequest(NativeWebRequest, ModelAndViewContainer, Object...) line: 132    
ServletInvocableHandlerMethod.invokeAndHandle(ServletWebRequest, ModelAndViewContainer, Object...) line: 104    
RequestMappingHandlerAdapter.invokeHandleMethod(HttpServletRequest, HttpServletResponse, HandlerMethod) line: 746   
RequestMappingHandlerAdapter.handleInternal(HttpServletRequest, HttpServletResponse, HandlerMethod) line: 687   
RequestMappingHandlerAdapter(AbstractHandlerMethodAdapter).handle(HttpServletRequest, HttpServletResponse, Object) line: 80 
TestDispatcherServlet(DispatcherServlet).doDispatch(HttpServletRequest, HttpServletResponse) line: 925  
TestDispatcherServlet(DispatcherServlet).doService(HttpServletRequest, HttpServletResponse) line: 856   
TestDispatcherServlet(FrameworkServlet).processRequest(HttpServletRequest, HttpServletResponse) line: 915   
TestDispatcherServlet(FrameworkServlet).doPost(HttpServletRequest, HttpServletResponse) line: 822
TestDispatcherServlet(HttpServlet).service(HttpServletRequest, HttpServletResponse) line: 727
TestDispatcherServlet(FrameworkServlet).service(HttpServletRequest, HttpServletResponse) line: 796
TestDispatcherServlet.service(HttpServletRequest, HttpServletResponse) line: 66
TestDispatcherServlet(HttpServlet).service(ServletRequest, ServletResponse) line: 820
MockFilterChain$ServletFilterProxy.doFilter(ServletRequest, ServletResponse, FilterChain) line: 168
MockFilterChain.doFilter(ServletRequest, ServletResponse) line: 136
MockMvc.perform(RequestBuilder) line: 134   
PolicyControllerTest.createOrUpdateSuccessful() line: 67
NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Method, Object, Object[]) line: not available [native method]
NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(Object, Object[]) line: 39
DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(Object, Object[]) line: 25
Method.invoke(Object, Object...) line: 597  
FrameworkMethod$1.runReflectiveCall() line: 44  
FrameworkMethod$1(ReflectiveCallable).run() line: 15    
FrameworkMethod.invokeExplosively(Object, Object...) line: 41
InvokeMethod.evaluate() line: 20    
RunBefores.evaluate() line: 28  
RunBeforeTestMethodCallbacks.evaluate() line: 74    
RunAfterTestMethodCallbacks.evaluate() line: 83 
SpringRepeat.evaluate() line: 72    
SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.runChild(FrameworkMethod, RunNotifier) line: 231
SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.runChild(Object, RunNotifier) line: 88
ParentRunner$3.run() line: 193  
ParentRunner$1.schedule(Runnable) line: 52  
SpringJUnit4ClassRunner(ParentRunner<T>).runChildren(RunNotifier) line: 191
ParentRunner<T>.access$000(ParentRunner, RunNotifier) line: 42
ParentRunner$2.evaluate() line: 184 
RunBeforeTestClassCallbacks.evaluate() line: 61 
RunAfterTestClassCallbacks.evaluate() line: 71  
SpringJUnit4ClassRunner(ParentRunner<T>).run(RunNotifier) line: 236
SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.run(RunNotifier) line: 174  
JUnit4TestMethodReference(JUnit4TestReference).run(TestExecution) line: 50
TestExecution.run(ITestReference[]) line: 38    
RemoteTestRunner.runTests(String[], String, TestExecution) line: 467
RemoteTestRunner.runTests(TestExecution) line: 683  
RemoteTestRunner.run() line: 390    
RemoteTestRunner.main(String[]) line: 197

更多研究 (Mockito Injecting Null values into a Spring bean when using @Mock? ) 建议将 @InjectMocks 应用于测试中的 PolicyController 成员变量，但正如第一个答案中所指出的那样链接，这什么也没做，因为 Spring 对此一无所知。

最佳答案

感谢@J Andy 的思路，我意识到我在这方面走错了路。在更新 1 中，我试图将模拟服务注入(inject)到 MockMvc 中。但退后一步后，我意识到这不是 MockMvc正在测试中，它是 PolicyController我想测试一下。

为了提供一些背景知识，我想避免在我的 Spring MVC 应用程序中对 @Controllers 进行传统的单元测试，因为我想测试仅通过在 Spring 本身中运行 Controller 提供的东西(例如，对 Controller 的 RESTful 调用行动)。这可以通过使用 Spring MVC Test framework 来实现。它允许您在 Spring 中运行测试。

您会从我最初问题的代码中看到，我在 WebApplicationContext 中运行 Spring MVC 测试。 (即 this.mockMvc = MockMvcBuilders.webAppContextSetup(this.wac).build(); ) 而我应该一直在做的是独立运行。独立运行允许我直接注入(inject)我想要测试的 Controller ，因此可以控制如何将服务注入(inject) Controller (即强制使用模拟服务)。

这在代码中更容易解释。所以对于以下 Controller :

import javax.validation.Valid;

import name.hines.steven.medical_claims_tracker.domain.Benefit;
import name.hines.steven.medical_claims_tracker.domain.Policy;
import name.hines.steven.medical_claims_tracker.services.DomainEntityService;
import name.hines.steven.medical_claims_tracker.services.PolicyService;

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.validation.BindingResult;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ModelAttribute;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMethod;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView;

@Controller
@RequestMapping("/policies")
public class PolicyController extends DomainEntityController<Policy> {

    @Autowired
    private PolicyService service;

    @RequestMapping(value = "persist", method = RequestMethod.POST)
    public String createOrUpdate(@Valid @ModelAttribute("policy") Policy policy, BindingResult result) {
        if (result.hasErrors()) {
            return "createOrUpdatePolicyForm";
        }
        service.save(policy);
        return "redirect:list";
    }
}

我现在有以下测试类，其中成功模拟了服务并且我的测试数据库不再被命中:

package name.hines.steven.medical_claims_tracker.controllers;

import static org.mockito.Matchers.isA;
import static org.mockito.Mockito.when;
import static org.springframework.test.web.servlet.request.MockMvcRequestBuilders.post;
import static org.springframework.test.web.servlet.result.MockMvcResultMatchers.model;
import static org.springframework.test.web.servlet.result.MockMvcResultMatchers.redirectedUrl;
import static org.springframework.test.web.servlet.result.MockMvcResultMatchers.status;
import static org.springframework.test.web.servlet.result.MockMvcResultMatchers.view;
import name.hines.steven.medical_claims_tracker.domain.Policy;
import name.hines.steven.medical_claims_tracker.services.PolicyService;

import org.junit.Before;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.mockito.InjectMocks;
import org.mockito.Mock;
import org.mockito.MockitoAnnotations;
import org.springframework.test.context.ContextConfiguration;
import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner;
import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.MockMvc;
import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.setup.MockMvcBuilders;

@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
@ContextConfiguration({ "classpath:/applicationContext.xml" })
public class PolicyControllerTest {

    @Mock
    PolicyService policyService;

    @InjectMocks
    PolicyController controllerUnderTest;

    private MockMvc mockMvc;

    @Before
    public void setup() {

        // this must be called for the @Mock annotations above to be processed
        // and for the mock service to be injected into the controller under
        // test.
        MockitoAnnotations.initMocks(this);

        this.mockMvc = MockMvcBuilders.standaloneSetup(controllerUnderTest).build();

    }

    @Test
    public void createOrUpdateFailsWhenInvalidDataPostedAndSendsUserBackToForm() throws Exception {
        // POST no data to the form (i.e. an invalid POST)
        mockMvc.perform(post("/policies/persist")).andExpect(status().isOk())
        .andExpect(model().attributeHasErrors("policy"))
        .andExpect(view().name("createOrUpdatePolicy"));
    }

    @Test
    public void createOrUpdateSuccessful() throws Exception {

        when(policyService.save(isA(Policy.class))).thenReturn(new Policy());

        mockMvc.perform(
                post("/policies/persist").param("companyName", "Company Name")
                .param("name", "Name").param("effectiveDate", "2001-01-01"))
                .andExpect(status().isMovedTemporarily()).andExpect(model().hasNoErrors())
                .andExpect(redirectedUrl("list"));
    }
}

在谈到 Spring 时，我仍在大量学习，因此欢迎任何可以改进我的解释的评论。 This blog post对我提出这个解决方案很有帮助。

关于java - 无法在 Spring MVC Controller 测试中模拟服务类，我们在Stack Overflow上找到一个类似的问题： https://stackoverflow.com/questions/16170572/

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