java - 未找到 maven 包类 selenium Web 驱动程序

Question

我正在创建 Maven 应用程序，我可以从网站获取信息。

我创建了maven包，但是当我使用命令运行jar时: “java -jar app-1.0-SNAPSHOT.jar”我收到此错误:

“java.lang.ClassNotFoundException:org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver”

当我在 IntelliJ 中运行它时效果很好。

这是我的 pom:

<groupId>app</groupId>
<artifactId>app</artifactId>
<version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>

<dependencies>
<dependency>
    <groupId>org.seleniumhq.selenium</groupId>
    <artifactId>selenium-java</artifactId>
    <version>2.53.1</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
    <groupId>org.seleniumhq.selenium</groupId>
    <artifactId>selenium-htmlunit-driver</artifactId>
    <version>2.52.0</version>
</dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>com.itextpdf</groupId>
        <artifactId>itextpdf</artifactId>
        <version>5.0.6</version>
    </dependency>
</dependencies>

<build>
    <plugins>
        <plugin>
            <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
            <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
            <configuration>
                <source>1.8</source>
                <target>1.8</target>
            </configuration>
        </plugin>
        <plugin>
            <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
            <artifactId>maven-jar-plugin</artifactId>
            <configuration>
                <archive>
                    <manifest>
                        <addClasspath>true</addClasspath>
                        <classpathPrefix>lib/</classpathPrefix>
                        <mainClass>sample.Main</mainClass>
                    </manifest>
                </archive>
            </configuration>
        </plugin>
        <plugin>
            <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
            <artifactId>maven-dependency-plugin</artifactId>
            <version>2.10</version>
            <executions>
                <execution>
                    <id>copy-dependencies</id>
                    <phase>package</phase>
                    <goals>
                        <goal>copy-dependencies</goal>
                    </goals>
                    <configuration>
                        <includeScope>runtime</includeScope>
                        <outputDirectory>${project.build.directory}/dependency-jars/</outputDirectory>
                    </configuration>
                </execution>
            </executions>
        </plugin>
    </plugins>
</build>

请帮我看看哪里出了问题。谢谢!

Answer 1

可能存在版本不匹配的情况，如下所示:

Starting with 2.53.0 you need to explicitly include HtmlUnitDriver as a dependency to include it. Version number of the driver is now tracking HtmlUnit itself.

 <dependency>
    <groupId>org.seleniumhq.selenium</groupId>
    <artifactId>htmlunit-driver</artifactId>
    <version>2.53.1</version>
</dependency>  

保留相同版本的 Selenium-Java 和 HTMLUnitDriver。

或

可能存在对 selenium-server-standalone.jar 的依赖

If you are using DefaultSelenium (or the RemoteWebDriver implementation), you still need to start a Selenium server. The best way is to download the selenium-server-standalone.jar from the Selenium Downloads page and just use it. Furthermore you can also embed the Selenium server into your own project, if you add the following dependency to your pom.xml:

<dependency>
    <groupId>org.seleniumhq.selenium</groupId>
    <artifactId>selenium-server</artifactId>
    <version>3.0.1</version>
</dependency>  

Note: Be aware, that the selenium-server artifact has a dependency to the servlet-api-2.5 artifact, which you should exclude, if your project will be run inside a web application container.

引用:

http://www.seleniumhq.org/download/maven.jsp