我使用maven构建spring，我不知道我错在哪里，spring ioc我已经添加了这个bean，但仍然出现以下错误
[TestNG] Running:
C:\Users\lw\AppData\Local\Temp\testng-eclipse-280706424\testng-customsuite.xml
null
[Utils] Attempting to create D:\lw\workspace\spring\test-output\Default suite\Default test.xml
[Utils] Directory D:\lw\workspace\spring\test-output\Default suite exists: true
FAILED: testIOC
java.lang.NullPointerException
at com.syz.test01.AppTest.testIOC(AppTest.java:24)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(Unknown Source)
at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(Unknown Source)
at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Unknown Source)
at org.testng.internal.MethodInvocationHelper.invokeMethod(MethodInvocationHelper.j ava:100)
at org.testng.internal.Invoker.invokeMethod(Invoker.java:646)
at org.testng.internal.Invoker.invokeTestMethod(Invoker.java:811)
at org.testng.internal.Invoker.invokeTestMethods(Invoker.java:1137)
at org.testng.internal.TestMethodWorker.invokeTestMethods(TestMethodWorker.java:129 )
at org.testng.internal.TestMethodWorker.run(TestMethodWorker.java:112)
at org.testng.TestRunner.privateRun(TestRunner.java:753)
at org.testng.TestRunner.run(TestRunner.java:607)
at org.testng.SuiteRunner.runTest(SuiteRunner.java:368)
at org.testng.SuiteRunner.runSequentially(SuiteRunner.java:363)
at org.testng.SuiteRunner.privateRun(SuiteRunner.java:321)
at org.testng.SuiteRunner.run(SuiteRunner.java:270)
at org.testng.SuiteRunnerWorker.runSuite(SuiteRunnerWorker.java:52)
at org.testng.SuiteRunnerWorker.run(SuiteRunnerWorker.java:86)
at org.testng.TestNG.runSuitesSequentially(TestNG.java:1284)
at org.testng.TestNG.runSuitesLocally(TestNG.java:1209)
at org.testng.TestNG.runSuites(TestNG.java:1124)
at org.testng.TestNG.run(TestNG.java:1096)
at org.testng.remote.AbstractRemoteTestNG.run(AbstractRemoteTestNG.java:132)
at org.testng.remote.RemoteTestNG.initAndRun(RemoteTestNG.java:236)
at org.testng.remote.RemoteTestNG.main(RemoteTestNG.java:81)
===============================================
Default test
Tests run: 1, Failures: 1, Skips: 0
===============================================
===============================================
Default suite
Total tests run: 1, Failures: 1, Skips: 0
===============================================
web.xml
<web-app>
<display-name>Archetype Created Web Application</display-name>
</web-app>
applicationContext.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xmlns:util="http://www.springframework.org/schema/util"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.0.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/util http://www.springframework.org/schema/util/spring-util-2.5.xsd">
<context:component-scan base-package="com.syz.test01" />
</beans>
Person.java
package com.syz.test01;
@Component
public class Person {
public String name = "zhangsan";
public String age = "1";
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public String getAge() {
return age;
}
public void setAge(String age) {
this.age = age;
}
}
应用程序.java
package com.syz.test01;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanFactory;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;
@Component
public class App {
@Autowired
public Person person;
public Person getPerson() {
return person;
}
public void setPerson(Person person) {
this.person = person;
}
public void testIOC()
{
System.out.println("hello");
}
}
Apptest.java
package com.syz.test01;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Qualifier;
import org.testng.annotations.Test;
@ContextConfiguration(locations = { "classpath*:applicationContext.xml" })
public class AppTest {
@Autowired
public App app ;
public App getApp() {
return app;
}
public void setApp(App app) {
this.app = app;
}
@Test
public void testIOC() {
System.out.println(app);
System.out.println(app.getPerson().getName());
}
}
Person.java
package com.syz.test01;
@Component
public class Person {
public String name = "zhangsan";
public String age = "1";
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public String getAge() {
return age;
}
public void setAge(String age) {
this.age = age;
}
}
pom.xml
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/maven-v4_0_0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<groupId>com.spring</groupId>
<artifactId>spring</artifactId>
<packaging>war</packaging>
<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
<name>spring Maven Webapp</name>
<url>http://maven.apache.org</url>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>junit</groupId>
<artifactId>junit</artifactId>
<version>3.8.1</version>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-test</artifactId>
<version>4.3.1.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
<version>4.3.1.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
<build>
<finalName>spring</finalName>
</build>
</project>
最佳答案
因为您的 bean 是通过“组件扫描”加载的，所以您必须使用 @Component 注释您的组件:
@Component
public class Person {
....
}
和
@Component
public class App {
....
}
更新:
测试类AppTest.java必须使用@ContextConfiguration进行注释:
@ContextConfiguration(locations = { "classpath:applicationContext.xml" })
通过更正其路径，确保 TestNG 可以查看并加载文件 applicationContext.xml。
更新2:
要正常工作，您可能需要在 pom.xml 中添加对 spring-test 的依赖:
<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework/spring-test -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-test</artifactId>
<version>4.3.4.RELEASE</version>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
更新3:
将其添加到AppTest.java:
@org.junit.runner.RunWith(org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
这指示 junit 将测试作为 Spring 测试来执行。
请注意，SpringJUnit4ClassRunner 仅适用于 junit 4.5+，因此请将 junit 的依赖项更新为最新版本:
<dependency>
<groupId>junit</groupId>
<artifactId>junit</artifactId>
<version>4.12</version>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
完成
这是完整的工作AppTest.java。请注意，为了与 Spring 测试框架兼容，一些 testng 注解已被 junit 替换。
package com.syz.test01;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.test.context.ContextConfiguration;
import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner;
@org.junit.runner.RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
@ContextConfiguration(locations = { "classpath*:applicationContext.xml" })
public class AppTest{
@Autowired
public App app;
public App getApp() {
return app;
}
public void setApp(App app) {
this.app = app;
}
@org.junit.Test
public void testIOC() {
System.out.println(app);
System.out.println(app.getPerson().getName());
}
}
关于java - 使用 TestNG 和 Spring 上下文运行测试时，Autowired 失败并返回 null 结果，我们在Stack Overflow上找到一个类似的问题： https://stackoverflow.com/questions/40944424/