java - Maven 找不到要执行的 junit 测试，表示它运行了 0 个测试并且构建成功

Question

首先，为什么 Maven 有一个 test 目标，而且我也看到人们运行 mvn Surefire:test 就好像它做了其他事情一样。两者有什么区别？

其次，我似乎无法让 Maven 运行我的单元测试。无论我尝试什么，我总是得到 Results : Tests run: 0, Failures: 0, Errors: 0, Skipped: 0 。我的 myproject/target/generated-tests-sources/test-annotations 目录是空的，但我的 myproject/target/test-classes 目录包含每个测试类的 .class 文件。

项目结构:

• myproject/src/main/java/MyClass.java
• myproject/src/test/java/MyClassTest.java
• myproject/pom.xml

示例 MyclassTest.java 内容:

import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
@TestInstance(TestInstance.Lifecycle.PER_CLASS)
class MyClassTest {
    @Test
    void testFunction() {
        assertEquals(0, 0);
    }
}

pom.xml的内容

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <groupId>co.blocanse.pa.myproject</groupId>
    <artifactId>myproject</artifactId>
    <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>

    <packaging>jar</packaging>

    <properties>
        <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
        <project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-8</project.reporting.outputEncoding>
    </properties>

    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>junit</groupId>
            <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
            <version>4.12</version>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.junit.jupiter</groupId>
            <artifactId>junit-jupiter-api</artifactId>
            <version>5.0.2</version>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

    <build>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
                <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
                <version>3.7.0</version>
                <configuration>
                    <source>1.8</source>
                    <target>1.8</target>
                </configuration>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>
</project>

mvn编译的输出

[INFO] Scanning for projects...
[INFO]
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] Building myproject 1.0-SNAPSHOT
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO]
[INFO] --- maven-resources-plugin:2.6:resources (default-resources) @ myproject ---
[INFO] Using 'UTF-8' encoding to copy filtered resources.
[INFO] Copying 0 resource
[INFO]
[INFO] --- maven-compiler-plugin:3.7.0:compile (default-compile) @ myproject ---
[INFO] Changes detected - recompiling the module!
[INFO] Compiling 7 source files to D:\projects\myproject\target\classes
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] BUILD SUCCESS
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] Total time: 1.141 s
[INFO] Finished at: 2018-01-01T23:32:27-06:00
[INFO] Final Memory: 14M/213M
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------

mvn 测试的输出

[INFO] Scanning for projects...
[INFO]
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] Building myproject 1.0-SNAPSHOT
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO]
[INFO] --- maven-resources-plugin:2.6:resources (default-resources) @ myproject  ---
[INFO] Using 'UTF-8' encoding to copy filtered resources.
[INFO] Copying 0 resource
[INFO]
[INFO] --- maven-compiler-plugin:3.7.0:compile (default-compile) @ myproject  ---
[INFO] Nothing to compile - all classes are up to date
[INFO]
[INFO] --- maven-resources-plugin:2.6:testResources (default-testResources) @ myproject  ---
[INFO] Using 'UTF-8' encoding to copy filtered resources.
[INFO] Copying 0 resource
[INFO]
[INFO] --- maven-compiler-plugin:3.7.0:testCompile (default-testCompile) @ myproject  ---
[INFO] Changes detected - recompiling the module!
[INFO] Compiling 3 source files to D:\projects\myproject\target\test-classes
[INFO]
[INFO] --- maven-surefire-plugin:2.12.4:test (default-test) @ myproject  ---
[INFO] Surefire report directory: D:\projects\myproject\target\surefire-reports

-------------------------------------------------------
 T E S T S
-------------------------------------------------------

Results :

Tests run: 0, Failures: 0, Errors: 0, Skipped: 0

[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] BUILD SUCCESS
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] Total time: 1.362 s
[INFO] Finished at: 2018-01-01T23:38:07-06:00
[INFO] Final Memory: 15M/213M
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------

问题就出在这里。我希望测试结果表明它运行了 1 个测试，但它声称它完成了并且没有运行任何一个测试，同时仍然成功构建。 mvn Surefire:test 产生相同的结果。对于大量复制粘贴的内容，我深表歉意，但我想提供尽可能多的信息，因为我不确定下一步要尝试什么。如果有帮助的话，我在 Windows 上并使用 IntelliJ IDEA。

Answer 1

org.junit.jupiter.api.Test 是 junit 5(可能尚未完全支持)，而不是 junit 4。删除 jupiter 依赖项并暂时使用 junit 4。来自 https://github.com/junit-team/junit4/wiki/getting-started 的 jUnit 4 测试示例:

import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
import org.junit.Test;

public class CalculatorTest {
  @Test
  public void evaluatesExpression() {
    Calculator calculator = new Calculator();
    int sum = calculator.evaluate("1+2+3");
    assertEquals(6, sum);
  }
}