java - 返回从末尾开始(向后)的双向链表的索引

Question

我正在尝试使用双向链表编写撤消和重做函数，该双向链表在调用 doAction() 时在 list_1 前面添加操作(节点)，在调用 undo() 时将操作存储在 list_2 中，并在调用 redo() 时将操作添加回 list_1。两个列表中的所有元素都添加到列表的前面(堆栈)。 我不允许导入任何其他 Java 包。

公共(public)类 StringDoublyLinkedList {

/**
 * A private class to represent a link in the linked list.
 */
private class Node {
    String value;
    Node next;
    Node prev;

    Node(String value) {
        this.value = value;
        this.next = null;
        this.prev = null;
    }
}

private int size = 0;
private Node head = null;
private Node tail = null;
private Node head_2 = null;

/**
 * Add a String to the end of the list.
 *
 * @param value The String to add.
 */
public void add(String value) {
    Node newNode = new Node(value);
    if (this.size == 0) {
        this.head = newNode;
        this.tail = newNode;
    } else {
        this.tail.next = newNode;
        newNode.prev = this.tail;
        this.tail = newNode;
    }
    this.size += 1;
}

/**
 * Get the number of elements in the list.
 *
 * @return The number of elements in the list.
 */
public int size() {
    return this.size;
}

public String get(int index) {
    return this.getNode(index).value;
}

public void remove(int index) {
    Node curr = this.head;
    if (index == 0) {
        this.head = curr.next;
    } else {
        Node node = this.getNode(index - 1);
        node.next = node.next.next;
        if (node.next == tail) {
            this.tail = node;
        }
    }
    this.size -= 1;
}

private Node getNode(int index) {
    Node curr = head;
    for (int i = 0; i < index; i++) {
        curr = curr.next;
    }
    return curr;
}

public boolean undo() {
    Node curr = this.head;
    if (this.size > 0) {
        curr.next.prev = null;
        this.head = curr.next;
        this.head_2 = curr;
    } else if (this.size == 0) {
        return false;
    }
    this.size -= 1;
    return true;
}

public boolean redo() {
    Node curr = this.head;
    Node curr_2 = this.head_2;
    if (this.size > 0) {
        curr_2.next.prev = null;
        this.head_2 = curr_2.next;
        curr.next = this.head;
        this.head.prev = curr;
        this.head = curr;
        } if (this.size == 0) {
        return false;
    }
    this.size += 1;
    return false;
}

/**
 * Record an action.
 *
 * @param action The action to record.
 */
public void doAction(String action) {
    Node newNode = new Node(action);
    if (this.size == 0) {
        this.head = newNode;
        this.tail = newNode;
    } else {
        this.head.prev = newNode;
        newNode.next = this.head;
        this.head = newNode;
    }
    this.size += 1;
}

/**
 * Get the number of actions recorded. Does *not* include actions that were undone.
 *
 * @return The number of actions recorded.
 */
public int getNumActions() { //FIXME
    int count = 1;
    int i;
    for (int i = getNumActions() - 1; i >=0 ; i--) { // second option you have provided
        count++;
    }
    return count;
}

/**
 * Get the action at the specified index.
 *
 * Assumes the index < this.getNumActions().
 *
 * @param index The index of the desired action.
 * @return The action (String).
 */

public String getAction(int index) { //FIXME
    int i;
    for (i = 0; i < this.size(); i++) {
        index = this.size() - index - 1;
    }
    String Actions = this.get(index);
    return Actions;
}

public void print() {
    Node curr = this.head;
    while (curr != null) {
        System.out.print(curr.value);
        System.out.print(", ");
        curr = curr.next;
    }
    System.out.println();
}

}

这是测试用例:

public static void main(String[] args) {
    StringDoublyLinkedList actions = new StringDoublyLinkedList();

    actions.doAction("create outline");
    actions.doAction("write introduction paragraph");
    actions.doAction("write paragraph 1a");
    actions.undo();
    actions.doAction("write paragraph 1b");
    actions.doAction("write paragraph 2a");
    actions.undo();
    actions.undo();
    actions.redo();
    actions.doAction("write paragraph 2b");
    actions.doAction("write paragraph 3");
    actions.doAction("write paragraph 4");
    actions.undo();
    actions.doAction("write conclusion paragraph");
    actions.doAction("add expletive about how long this assignment took");
    actions.undo();

    String[] correctActions = {
            "create outline",
            "write introduction paragraph",
            /*"write paragraph 1a",

            "write paragraph 2b",
            "write paragraph 3",
            "write conclusion paragraph" */
    };

    // create a variable for overall correctness
    boolean allCorrect;
    // check the number of actions
    System.out.println(
            "Expected " + Integer.toString(correctActions.length) + " actions " +
                    "and found " + Integer.toString(actions.getNumActions())
    );
    allCorrect = (actions.getNumActions() == correctActions.length);
    // if the number of actions is correct, check each action
    if (allCorrect) {
        for (int i = 0; i < correctActions.length; i++) {
            // get the expected and action actions
            String expectedAction = correctActions[i];
            String actualAction = actions.getAction(i);
            // compare them
            boolean correct = (expectedAction == actualAction);
            // print them out
            System.out.println(
                    "(" + (correct ? "correct" : "incorrect") + ") " +
                            "Action " + Integer.toString(i) + " should be \"" + correctActions[i] + "\" " +
                            "and got \"" + actions.getAction(i) + "\"."
            );
            // update the overall correctness
            allCorrect = (allCorrect && correct);
        }
    }
    // give a summary correct/incorrect judgment
    if (allCorrect) {
        System.out.println("CORRECT!");
    } else {
        System.out.println("INCORRECT!");
    }
}

}

我在 getAction() 中编写的代码返回从列表的索引[0]开始的操作，但我希望它向后返回操作(从列表的末尾开始)。

以我的测试用例为例:

(不正确)操作 0 应该是“创建大纲”并得到“编写介绍段落”。

(不正确)操作 1 应该是“编写介绍段落”并得到“创建大纲”。

public int getNumActions() { //FIXME
    int count = 1;
    int i;
    for (int i = getNumActions() - 1; i >=0 ; i--) { // error
        count++;
    }
    return count;
}

public String getAction(int index) { //FIXME
    int i;
    for (i = 0; i < this.size(); i++) {
        index = this.size() - index - 1;
    }
    String Actions = this.get(index);
    return Actions;
}

Answer 1

这可能是题外话，但我认为使用递归来计算LinkedList中的元素是一个相当复杂的解决方案。

我认为你应该首先在程序中拆分两个逻辑对象:

• LinkedList 实现，具有 getSize()、add(String) 和 remove(String) 等基本方法；
• ActionManager 实现，具有 doAction(Stirng)、undo(String) 和 redo(String) 等方法。

在这种情况下，您的程序质量会更好并且没有错误。

<小时/>

public final class LinkedList {

    private Node head;
    private int size;

    public int getSize() {
        return size;
    }

    public void add(String value) {
        Node node = new Node(value);

        if (size == 0)
            head = node;
        else {
            Node tail = getTail();
            tail.next = node;
            node.prev = tail;
        }

        size++;
    }

    public String remove() {
        if (size == 0)
            throw new IllegalArgumentException();

        String value;

        if (size == 1) {
            value = head.value;
            head = null;
        } else {
            Node tail = getTail();
            value = tail.value;
            tail.prev.next = null;
            tail.prev = null;
        }

        size--;
        return value;
    }

    private Node getTail() {
        Node node = head;

        while (node != null && node.next != null)
            node = node.next;

        return node;
    }

    private static final class Node {

        private final String value;
        private Node next;
        private Node prev;

        public Node(String value) {
            this.value = value;
        }

        @Override
        public String toString() {
            return value;
        }
    }
}

<小时/>

public final class ActionManager {

    private final LinkedList actions = new LinkedList();
    private final LinkedList undoActions = new LinkedList();

    public int getTotalActions() {
        return actions.getSize();
    }

    public void doAction(String action) {
        actions.add(action);
    }

    public void undo() {
        if (actions.getSize() == 0)
            throw new IllegalArgumentException();
        undoActions.add(actions.remove());
    }

    public void redo() {
        if (undoActions.getSize() == 0)
            throw new IllegalArgumentException();
        actions.add(undoActions.remove());
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "total: " + actions.getSize() + ", undo: " + undoActions.getSize();
    }

}