linux - AWS Linux 实例上的权限被拒绝(公钥)

Question

问题:我无法 SSH 访问我的亚马逊 Web 服务 (AWS) 实例。

关于此问题有很多线程，但这些问题已通过更改登录用户名得到解决。我的问题似乎并没有通过不同的用户名得到解决。以前通过更改登录用户名回答的问题可以在以下位置找到:

• AWS ssh access 'Permission denied (publickey)' issue
• Permission denied (publickey) when SSH Access to Amazon EC2 instance

<小时/>

以下是 SSH 尝试的详细输出:

/development/aws$ > ssh -vvv -i "/development/aws/cgwebsites-wp.pem" ec2-user@52.24.142.84
OpenSSH_6.2p2, OSSLShim 0.9.8r 8 Dec 2011
debug1: Reading configuration data /etc/ssh_config
debug1: /etc/ssh_config line 20: Applying options for *
debug2: ssh_connect: needpriv 0
debug1: Connecting to 52.24.142.84 [52.24.142.84] port 22.
debug1: Connection established.
debug3: Incorrect RSA1 identifier
debug3: Could not load "/development/aws/cgwebsites-wp.pem" as a RSA1 public key
debug1: identity file /development/aws/cgwebsites-wp.pem type -1
debug1: identity file /development/aws/cgwebsites-wp.pem-cert type -1
debug1: Enabling compatibility mode for protocol 2.0
debug1: Local version string SSH-2.0-OpenSSH_6.2
debug1: Remote protocol version 2.0, remote software version OpenSSH_6.2
debug1: match: OpenSSH_6.2 pat OpenSSH*
debug2: fd 3 setting O_NONBLOCK
debug3: load_hostkeys: loading entries for host "52.24.142.84" from file "/Users/cgood92/.ssh/known_hosts"
debug3: load_hostkeys: loaded 0 keys
debug1: SSH2_MSG_KEXINIT sent
debug1: SSH2_MSG_KEXINIT received
debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: diffie-hellman-group-exchange-sha256,diffie-hellman-group-exchange-sha1,diffie-hellman-group14-sha1,diffie-hellman-group1-sha1
debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: ssh-rsa-cert-v01@openssh.com,ssh-dss-cert-v01@openssh.com,ssh-rsa-cert-v00@openssh.com,ssh-dss-cert-v00@openssh.com,ssh-rsa,ssh-dss
debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: aes128-ctr,aes192-ctr,aes256-ctr,arcfour256,arcfour128,aes128-gcm@openssh.com,aes256-gcm@openssh.com,aes128-cbc,3des-cbc,blowfish-cbc,cast128-cbc,aes192-cbc,aes256-cbc,arcfour,rijndael-cbc@lysator.liu.se
debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: aes128-ctr,aes192-ctr,aes256-ctr,arcfour256,arcfour128,aes128-gcm@openssh.com,aes256-gcm@openssh.com,aes128-cbc,3des-cbc,blowfish-cbc,cast128-cbc,aes192-cbc,aes256-cbc,arcfour,rijndael-cbc@lysator.liu.se
debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: hmac-md5-etm@openssh.com,hmac-sha1-etm@openssh.com,umac-64-etm@openssh.com,umac-128-etm@openssh.com,hmac-sha2-256-etm@openssh.com,hmac-sha2-512-etm@openssh.com,hmac-ripemd160-etm@openssh.com,hmac-sha1-96-etm@openssh.com,hmac-md5-96-etm@openssh.com,hmac-md5,hmac-sha1,umac-64@openssh.com,umac-128@openssh.com,hmac-sha2-256,hmac-sha2-512,hmac-ripemd160,hmac-ripemd160@openssh.com,hmac-sha1-96,hmac-md5-96
debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: hmac-md5-etm@openssh.com,hmac-sha1-etm@openssh.com,umac-64-etm@openssh.com,umac-128-etm@openssh.com,hmac-sha2-256-etm@openssh.com,hmac-sha2-512-etm@openssh.com,hmac-ripemd160-etm@openssh.com,hmac-sha1-96-etm@openssh.com,hmac-md5-96-etm@openssh.com,hmac-md5,hmac-sha1,umac-64@openssh.com,umac-128@openssh.com,hmac-sha2-256,hmac-sha2-512,hmac-ripemd160,hmac-ripemd160@openssh.com,hmac-sha1-96,hmac-md5-96
debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: none,zlib@openssh.com,zlib
debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: none,zlib@openssh.com,zlib
debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: 
debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: 
debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: first_kex_follows 0 
debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: reserved 0 
debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: ecdh-sha2-nistp256,ecdh-sha2-nistp384,ecdh-sha2-nistp521,diffie-hellman-group-exchange-sha256,diffie-hellman-group-exchange-sha1,diffie-hellman-group14-sha1,diffie-hellman-group1-sha1
debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: ssh-rsa,ssh-dss,ecdsa-sha2-nistp256
debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: aes128-ctr,aes192-ctr,aes256-ctr,arcfour256,arcfour128,aes128-gcm@openssh.com,aes256-gcm@openssh.com,aes128-cbc,3des-cbc,blowfish-cbc,cast128-cbc,aes192-cbc,aes256-cbc,arcfour,rijndael-cbc@lysator.liu.se
debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: aes128-ctr,aes192-ctr,aes256-ctr,arcfour256,arcfour128,aes128-gcm@openssh.com,aes256-gcm@openssh.com,aes128-cbc,3des-cbc,blowfish-cbc,cast128-cbc,aes192-cbc,aes256-cbc,arcfour,rijndael-cbc@lysator.liu.se
debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: hmac-md5-etm@openssh.com,hmac-sha1-etm@openssh.com,umac-64-etm@openssh.com,umac-128-etm@openssh.com,hmac-sha2-256-etm@openssh.com,hmac-sha2-512-etm@openssh.com,hmac-ripemd160-etm@openssh.com,hmac-sha1-96-etm@openssh.com,hmac-md5-96-etm@openssh.com,hmac-md5,hmac-sha1,umac-64@openssh.com,umac-128@openssh.com,hmac-sha2-256,hmac-sha2-512,hmac-ripemd160,hmac-ripemd160@openssh.com,hmac-sha1-96,hmac-md5-96
debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: hmac-md5-etm@openssh.com,hmac-sha1-etm@openssh.com,umac-64-etm@openssh.com,umac-128-etm@openssh.com,hmac-sha2-256-etm@openssh.com,hmac-sha2-512-etm@openssh.com,hmac-ripemd160-etm@openssh.com,hmac-sha1-96-etm@openssh.com,hmac-md5-96-etm@openssh.com,hmac-md5,hmac-sha1,umac-64@openssh.com,umac-128@openssh.com,hmac-sha2-256,hmac-sha2-512,hmac-ripemd160,hmac-ripemd160@openssh.com,hmac-sha1-96,hmac-md5-96
debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: none,zlib@openssh.com
debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: none,zlib@openssh.com
debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: 
debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: 
debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: first_kex_follows 0 
debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: reserved 0 
debug2: mac_setup: found hmac-md5-etm@openssh.com
debug1: kex: server->client aes128-ctr hmac-md5-etm@openssh.com none
debug2: mac_setup: found hmac-md5-etm@openssh.com
debug1: kex: client->server aes128-ctr hmac-md5-etm@openssh.com none
debug1: SSH2_MSG_KEX_DH_GEX_REQUEST(1024<1024<8192) sent
debug1: expecting SSH2_MSG_KEX_DH_GEX_GROUP
debug2: dh_gen_key: priv key bits set: 114/256
debug2: bits set: 518/1024
debug1: SSH2_MSG_KEX_DH_GEX_INIT sent
debug1: expecting SSH2_MSG_KEX_DH_GEX_REPLY
debug1: Server host key: RSA b5:4d:14:77:0a:8b:54:2c:5e:38:8d:8d:7b:91:da:2f
debug3: load_hostkeys: loading entries for host "52.24.142.84" from file "/Users/cgood92/.ssh/known_hosts"
debug3: load_hostkeys: loaded 0 keys
The authenticity of host '52.24.142.84 (52.24.142.84)' can't be established.
RSA key fingerprint is b5:4d:14:77:0a:8b:54:2c:5e:38:8d:8d:7b:91:da:2f.
Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? yes
Warning: Permanently added '52.24.142.84' (RSA) to the list of known hosts.
debug2: bits set: 534/1024
debug1: ssh_rsa_verify: signature correct
debug2: kex_derive_keys
debug2: set_newkeys: mode 1
debug1: SSH2_MSG_NEWKEYS sent
debug1: expecting SSH2_MSG_NEWKEYS
debug2: set_newkeys: mode 0
debug1: SSH2_MSG_NEWKEYS received
debug1: Roaming not allowed by server
debug1: SSH2_MSG_SERVICE_REQUEST sent
debug2: service_accept: ssh-userauth
debug1: SSH2_MSG_SERVICE_ACCEPT received
debug2: key: /development/aws/cgwebsites-wp.pem (0x0), explicit
debug1: Authentications that can continue: publickey
debug3: start over, passed a different list publickey
debug3: preferred publickey,keyboard-interactive,password
debug3: authmethod_lookup publickey
debug3: remaining preferred: keyboard-interactive,password
debug3: authmethod_is_enabled publickey
debug1: Next authentication method: publickey
debug1: Trying private key: /development/aws/cgwebsites-wp.pem
debug1: read PEM private key done: type RSA
debug3: sign_and_send_pubkey: RSA 0b:e9:55:d9:db:d5:a6:d7:c5:6e:2d:0c:fc:0c:1f:2b
debug2: we sent a publickey packet, wait for reply
debug1: Authentications that can continue: publickey
debug2: we did not send a packet, disable method
debug1: No more authentication methods to try.
Permission denied (publickey).

所以我的问题是这个权限被拒绝(公钥)。问题。

<小时/>

这是我为调试它所做的事情。

1) 我已验证我使用的是正确的弹性 IP 地址。我还尝试过使用更长的公共(public) DNS 地址，结果完全相同。所以我确信我有正确的主机。

2) 我已确保安全组规则允许 SSH。首先，它已经设置为允许端口 22 上的 TCP 传入流量。为了安全起见，我添加了一条规则以允许所有端口、所有 IP 地址的所有 TCP 传入流量。传出流量有一个规则，允许任何东西到达任何地方。

3) 我已验证我使用的是正确的 key 对名称。它位于“EC2”>“实例”>“ key 对名称”下。它显示“cgwebsites-wp”，并且我在本地有正确的 key 对名称 /development/aws/cgwebsites-wp.pem，如上面我的详细输出所示。我还验证了该文件的路径是否正确，因为当我放置像 /development/aws/cgwebsites-wp222.pem 这样的虚假内容时，错误明确告诉我他们找不到该文件。

4)我已经尝试了几个不同的用户名，正如其他链接上针对此问题的所有帖子所建议的那样。更具体地说，我尝试过 admin、ubuntu、root、ec2-user、fedora。我什至尝试了在“EC2”>“实例”>“AMI ID”中找到的 ID。没有一个起作用，都产生类似的消息。

5) 我已经在 Windows 计算机(必须使用 puttyGen 创建私钥数据包)以及 Mac 计算机上尝试过此操作。两者都出现同样的错误。

6) 我已经在我的另一个 AWS 实例上尝试过此操作，一切正常。所以我的亚马逊账户没问题。

7) 我尝试删除所有 SSH 缓存文件(在 Windows 中清除了一些注册表部分，在 mac 上我运行了 ssh-keygen -R 52.24.142.84。

8) 我已检查并确保实例已启动并正在运行，并且它亮起绿灯，而且我可以通过 elasticbeanstalk url 访问该站点。

9) 我尝试通过命令 chmod 600/development/aws/cgwebsites-wp.pem 和 chmod 400/development/aws/cgwebsites-wp.pem 更改 .pem 文件的权限。

10) 这不是防火墙问题或类似问题，因为我可以通过 SSH 访问其他 AWS 实例。

11) 当然，我已经终止并重新安装了多个 Linux 实例，所有这些实例都出现相同的错误。

12) 我知道这不是 .pem 文件损坏的问题，因为我正在使用完全相同的文件通过 SSH 连接到我的其他 AWS 实例。

这是一个非常令人沮丧的问题。似乎很多人都遇到过和我类似的问题，但几乎每个人都是通过更改用户名解决的。我已经尝试过，包括 https://alestic.com/2014/01/ec2-ssh-username/ 中的建议和脚本。但什么也没有。

任何帮助将不胜感激!

Answer 1

看起来 key 对有问题。尝试生成新的 key 对，下载并使用它。该过程可以在以下位置找到: https://stackoverflow.com/a/4921866/4512451