我创建了一个使用 boto3 的复杂应用程序。从命令行运行时它工作正常。但是当我尝试使用 py2app 编译它时，会创建应用程序文件，但它在启动时崩溃。我将其简化为 2 个文件，发现包含 boto3 时它会崩溃，但不包含 boto3 时运行良好。
setup.py
import sys
from setuptools import setup
APP = ['hello.py']
OPTIONS = {'iconfile':'img/icon.icns',}
setup(
app = APP,
options = {'py2app': OPTIONS},
setup_requires = ['py2app'],
)
hello.py
from tkinter import *
import boto3
root = Tk()
w = Label(root, text="Hello, world!")
w.pack()
root.mainloop()
我正在使用最新的一切，MacOS 10.14 和 10.13 上的 python 3.7。
我使用命令行:
python3 setup.py py2app
当我编译包括 boto3 时，我从 py2app 收到这些错误。我找不到使用 pip 安装这些模块的方法。
Modules not found (unconditional imports):
* OpenSSL (botocore.vendored.requests.packages.urllib3.contrib.pyopenssl, urllib3.contrib.pyopenssl)
* OpenSSL.SSL (urllib3.contrib.pyopenssl)
* Queue (botocore.vendored.requests.packages.urllib3.connectionpool)
* Queue.Empty (urllib3.util.queue)
* Queue.Full (urllib3.util.queue)
* Queue.LifoQueue (urllib3.util.queue)
* StringIO.StringIO (botocore.vendored.requests.packages.urllib3.packages.six, botocore.vendored.six, pkg_resources._vendor.six, six, urllib3.packages.six)
* _abcoll (botocore.vendored.requests.packages.urllib3.packages.ordered_dict, urllib3.packages.ordered_dict)
* backports.ssl_match_hostname (botocore.vendored.requests.packages.urllib3.packages.ssl_match_hostname, urllib3.packages.ssl_match_hostname)
* botocore.vendored.six.moves (botocore.httpsession, botocore.vendored.six.moves.urllib.request) [module alias]
* botocore.vendored.six.moves.http_client (botocore.vendored.six.moves.urllib, botocore.vendored.six.moves.urllib_parse) [module alias]
* botocore.vendored.six.moves.urllib (botocore.utils) [module alias]
* botocore.vendored.six.moves.urllib.request (botocore.utils) [module alias]
* botocore.vendored.six.moves.urllib_parse (botocore.httpsession) [module alias]
* com (com.sun.jna)
* com.jna (com.sun)
* com.sun (com.sun.jna.platform)
* cryptography (cryptography, cryptography.hazmat.backends, cryptography.x509.extensions, urllib3.contrib.pyopenssl)
* cryptography.hazmat (cryptography.hazmat.backends.openssl)
* cryptography.hazmat.backends (cryptography.hazmat.backends.openssl.x509, urllib3.contrib.pyopenssl)
* cryptography.hazmat.backends.openssl (urllib3.contrib.pyopenssl)
* cryptography.hazmat.backends.openssl.backend (cryptography.hazmat.backends.openssl.x509)
* cryptography.hazmat.backends.openssl.x509 (urllib3.contrib.pyopenssl)
* cryptography.x509 (cryptography.hazmat, cryptography.x509, urllib3.contrib.pyopenssl)
* cryptography.x509.UnsupportedExtension (cryptography, cryptography.x509.extensions)
* dummy_thread (botocore.vendored.requests.packages.urllib3.packages.ordered_dict, urllib3.packages.ordered_dict)
* httplib (botocore.vendored.requests.packages.urllib3.connection, botocore.vendored.requests.packages.urllib3.response)
* httplib.HTTPConnection (botocore.compat, botocore.vendored.requests.packages.urllib3.response)
* httplib.HTTPException (botocore.compat, botocore.vendored.requests.packages.urllib3.response)
* httplib.HTTPResponse (botocore.vendored.requests.packages.urllib3.connection, botocore.vendored.requests.packages.urllib3.response)
* itertools.izip (collections)
* itertools.izip_longest (collections)
* ndg (botocore.vendored.requests.packages.urllib3.contrib.pyopenssl, ndg.httpsclient.subj_alt_name)
* ndg.SUBJ_ALT_NAME_SUPPORT (ndg.httpsclient)
* ndg.httpsclient (botocore.vendored.requests.packages.urllib3.contrib.pyopenssl)
* ndg.httpsclient.subj_alt_name (botocore.vendored.requests.packages.urllib3.contrib.pyopenssl)
* ordereddict (botocore.compat, pkg_resources._vendor.pyparsing)
* pyasn1 (botocore.vendored.requests.packages.urllib3.contrib.pyopenssl)
* pyasn1.decoder (pyasn1.type)
* pyasn1.type (botocore.vendored.requests.packages.urllib3.contrib.pyopenssl)
* simplejson (botocore.vendored.requests.compat)
* six.moves (dateutil.rrule, dateutil.tz.tz, dateutil.tz.win) [module alias]
* six.moves._thread (dateutil.tz.win) [module alias]
* six.moves.winreg (dateutil.rrule, dateutil.tz.tz)
* thread (botocore.vendored.requests.packages.urllib3.packages.ordered_dict, urllib3.packages.ordered_dict)
* urllib3.packages.six.moves (urllib3.connection, urllib3.connectionpool, urllib3.exceptions, urllib3.packages.six.moves, urllib3.packages.six.moves.urllib.parse, urllib3.response, urllib3.util.queue, urllib3.util.response) [module alias]
* urllib3.packages.six.moves.http_client (urllib3.connection, urllib3.connectionpool, urllib3.exceptions, urllib3.packages.six.moves.http_client, urllib3.packages.six.moves.urllib, urllib3.util.queue) [module alias]
* urllib3.packages.six.moves.queue (urllib3.packages.six.moves.http_client, urllib3.packages.six.moves.urllib, urllib3.response, urllib3.util.response) [module alias]
* urllib3.packages.six.moves.urllib (urllib3.poolmanager, urllib3.request) [module alias]
* urllib3.packages.six.moves.urllib.parse (urllib3.poolmanager, urllib3.request) [module alias]
* urlparse (botocore.vendored.requests.packages.urllib3.poolmanager)
* urlparse.parse_qs (botocore.vendored.requests.compat, botocore.vendored.requests.packages.urllib3.poolmanager)
* urlparse.parse_qsl (botocore.vendored.requests.compat, botocore.vendored.requests.packages.urllib3.poolmanager)
* urlparse.urldefrag (botocore.compat, botocore.vendored.requests.packages.urllib3.poolmanager)
* urlparse.urlparse (botocore.vendored.requests.packages.urllib3.poolmanager)
* urlparse.urlsplit (botocore.vendored.requests.packages.urllib3.poolmanager)
* urlparse.urlunparse (botocore.compat, botocore.vendored.requests.packages.urllib3.poolmanager)
* urlparse.urlunsplit (botocore.vendored.requests.compat, botocore.vendored.requests.packages.urllib3.poolmanager)
* win32com (win32com)
* win32com.shell (win32com.shell)
* win32com.shellcon (win32com.shell)
Modules not found (conditional imports):
* Cookie (botocore.vendored.requests.compat)
* OpenSSL.crypto (urllib3.contrib.pyopenssl)
* Queue (urllib3.util.queue)
* StringIO (botocore.vendored.requests.compat, botocore.vendored.requests.packages.urllib3.packages.six, botocore.vendored.six, pkg_resources._vendor.six, six, urllib3.packages.six)
* botocore.vendored.six.moves (botocore.httpsession, botocore.vendored.six.moves.urllib.request) [module alias]
* com (pkg_resources._vendor.appdirs)
* com.sun.jna (pkg_resources._vendor.appdirs)
* com.sun.jna.platform (pkg_resources._vendor.appdirs)
* cookielib (botocore.vendored.requests.compat)
* cryptography.x509.extensions (urllib3.contrib.pyopenssl)
* email.Utils ()
* httplib (botocore.compat)
* simplejson (botocore.compat)
* urllib2 (botocore.vendored.requests.compat)
* urlparse (botocore.compat, botocore.vendored.requests.compat)
* win32com (pkg_resources._vendor.appdirs)
* win32com.shell (pkg_resources._vendor.appdirs)
当我在没有 boto3 的情况下编译时，我收到这些错误，并且应用程序可以正常工作:
Modules not found (unconditional imports):
* com (com.sun.jna)
* com.jna (com.sun)
* com.sun (com.sun.jna.platform)
* ordereddict (pkg_resources._vendor.pyparsing)
* win32com (win32com)
* win32com.shell (win32com.shell)
* win32com.shellcon (win32com.shell)
Modules not found (conditional imports):
* StringIO (pkg_resources._vendor.six)
* com (pkg_resources._vendor.appdirs)
* com.sun.jna (pkg_resources._vendor.appdirs)
* com.sun.jna.platform (pkg_resources._vendor.appdirs)
* win32com (pkg_resources._vendor.appdirs)
* win32com.shell (pkg_resources._vendor.appdirs)
但是根据 py2app 的开发者的说法 these warnings aren't very important
我突出显示了控制台上两个程序之间唯一不同的错误，但不是很有帮助:
我已经彻底阅读了 StackOverflow，但这也是我第一次尝试编译 python 程序。所以问题要么是非常独特和不寻常的事情，要么是我犯了一个新错误。
我尝试使用 pyinstaller 进行类似的操作。它构建时没有错误，但在执行时因以下错误而崩溃:
distutils.errors.DistutilsModuleError: invalid command 'build'
[42556] Failed to execute script setup
当我尝试使用 nuitka 时，出现此错误:
Davids-MBP:App degner$ python3 -m nuitka --follow-imports setup.py
Nuitka:WARNING:/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.7/lib/python3.7/site-packages/setuptools/__init__.py:11: Cannot find 'setuptools.extern.six' in package 'setuptools' as absolute import (tried setuptools.extern.six).
Nuitka:WARNING:/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.7/lib/python3.7/site-packages/setuptools/__init__.py:12: Cannot find 'setuptools.extern.six.moves' in package 'setuptools' as absolute import (tried setuptools.extern.six.moves).
Nuitka:WARNING:/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.7/lib/python3.7/site-packages/setuptools/command/easy_install.py:46: Cannot find 'setuptools.extern.six.moves' in package 'setuptools.command' as absolute import (tried setuptools.extern.six.moves).
Nuitka:WARNING:/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.7/lib/python3.7/site-packages/setuptools/command/easy_install.py:46: Cannot find 'setuptools.extern.six' in package 'setuptools.command' as absolute import (tried setuptools.extern.six).
Nuitka:WARNING:/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.7/lib/python3.7/site-packages/setuptools/wheel.py:12: Cannot find 'setuptools.extern.packaging.utils' in package 'setuptools' as absolute import (tried setuptools.extern.packaging.utils).
Nuitka:WARNING:/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.7/lib/python3.7/site-packages/setuptools/wheel.py:12: Cannot find 'setuptools.extern.packaging' in package 'setuptools' as absolute import (tried setuptools.extern.packaging).
Nuitka:WARNING:/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.7/lib/python3.7/site-packages/setuptools/pep425tags.py:152: Cannot find '_manylinux' in package 'setuptools' as absolute import (tried _manylinux).
Nuitka:WARNING:/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.7/lib/python3.7/site-packages/setuptools/ssl_support.py:45: Cannot find 'backports.ssl_match_hostname' in package 'setuptools' as absolute import (tried backports.ssl_match_hostname).
Nuitka:WARNING:/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.7/lib/python3.7/site-packages/setuptools/sandbox.py:18: Cannot find 'org.python.modules.posix.PosixModule' in package 'setuptools' as absolute import (tried org.python.modules.posix.PosixModule).
Nuitka:WARNING:/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.7/lib/python3.7/site-packages/setuptools/sandbox.py:18: Cannot find 'org.python.modules.posix' in package 'setuptools' as absolute import (tried org.python.modules.posix).
Nuitka:WARNING:/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.7/lib/python3.7/site-packages/setuptools/sandbox.py:18: Cannot find 'org.python.modules' in package 'setuptools' as absolute import (tried org.python.modules).
Nuitka:WARNING:/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.7/lib/python3.7/site-packages/setuptools/sandbox.py:18: Cannot find 'org.python' in package 'setuptools' as absolute import (tried org.python).
Nuitka:WARNING:/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.7/lib/python3.7/site-packages/setuptools/sandbox.py:18: Cannot find 'org' in package 'setuptools' as absolute import (tried org).
Nuitka:WARNING:/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.7/lib/python3.7/site-packages/setuptools/config.py:10: Cannot find 'setuptools.extern.packaging.version' in package 'setuptools' as absolute import (tried setuptools.extern.packaging.version).
Nuitka:WARNING:/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.7/lib/python3.7/site-packages/setuptools/dist.py:31: Cannot find 'setuptools.extern.packaging.specifiers' in package 'setuptools' as absolute import (tried setuptools.extern.packaging.specifiers).
In file included from setup.build/CompiledCodeHelpers.c:1983:
/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.7/lib/python3.7/site-packages/nuitka/build/static_src/HelpersAttributes.c:553:6: error: conflicting types for 'SET_ATTRIBUTE'
bool SET_ATTRIBUTE(PyObject *target, PyObject *attr_name, PyObject *value) {
^
/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.7/lib/python3.7/site-packages/nuitka/build/include/nuitka/helper/attributes.h:34:13: note: previous declaration is here
extern bool SET_ATTRIBUTE(PyObject *target, PyObject *attr_name, PyObject *value);
^
In file included from setup.build/CompiledCodeHelpers.c:1983:
/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.7/lib/python3.7/site-packages/nuitka/build/static_src/HelpersAttributes.c:594:6: error: conflicting types for 'SET_ATTRIBUTE_DICT_SLOT'
bool SET_ATTRIBUTE_DICT_SLOT(PyObject *target, PyObject *value) {
^
/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.7/lib/python3.7/site-packages/nuitka/build/include/nuitka/helper/attributes.h:37:13: note: previous declaration is here
extern bool SET_ATTRIBUTE_DICT_SLOT(PyObject *target, PyObject *value);
^
In file included from setup.build/CompiledCodeHelpers.c:1983:
/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.7/lib/python3.7/site-packages/nuitka/build/static_src/HelpersAttributes.c:646:6: error: conflicting types for 'SET_ATTRIBUTE_CLASS_SLOT'
bool SET_ATTRIBUTE_CLASS_SLOT(PyObject *target, PyObject *value) {
^
/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.7/lib/python3.7/site-packages/nuitka/build/include/nuitka/helper/attributes.h:40:13: note: previous declaration is here
extern bool SET_ATTRIBUTE_CLASS_SLOT(PyObject *target, PyObject *value);
^
3 errors generated.
scons: *** [setup.build/CompiledCodeHelpers.o] Error 1
最佳答案
py2app 中存在问题，导致其与六个模块不兼容。
现在已经修复了。
https://bitbucket.org/ronaldoussoren/py2app/issues/250/app-crashes-on-launch-when-compiled-with
关于python - 使用 py2app 编译且包含 boto3 时，应用程序在启动时崩溃，我们在Stack Overflow上找到一个类似的问题： https://stackoverflow.com/questions/52621406/