我正在尝试将交互式 WebAgg 绘图嵌入到 Tornado Web 应用程序中。该图由三个点和两条线段连接而成，可以移动这些点并重新绘制线段。 Tornado 应用程序启动并显示 WebAgg 图的初始状态，但单击这些点不会执行任何操作。
我尝试以相同的方式嵌入情节 this example嵌入一个情节。
我只是更换了
def create_figure():
"""
Creates a simple example figure.
"""
fig = Figure()
a = fig.add_subplot(111)
t = np.arange(0.0, 3.0, 0.01)
s = np.sin(2 * np.pi * t)
a.plot(t, s)
return fig
使用我的交互式 WebAgg 绘图代码
class InteractiveLine:
def __init__(self, points_list):
self.fig, self.ax = self.setup_axes()
self.tolerance = 10
self.xy = points_list
x_data = [pt[0] for pt in points_list]
y_data = [pt[1] for pt in points_list]
self.points = self.ax.scatter(
x_data, y_data, s=200, color='#39ff14',
picker=self.tolerance, zorder=1)
self.line = self.ax.plot(
x_data, y_data, ls='--', c='#666666',
zorder=0)
self.fig.canvas.mpl_connect('button_press_event', self.on_click)
def on_click(self, event):
contains, info = self.points.contains(event)
print(contains)
print(info)
if contains:
ind = info['ind'][0]
print("You clicked {}!".format(ind))
self.start_drag(ind)
def start_drag(self, ind):
self.drag_ind = ind
connect = self.fig.canvas.mpl_connect
cid1 = connect('motion_notify_event', self.drag_update)
cid2 = connect('button_release_event', self.end_drag)
self.drag_cids = [cid1, cid2]
self.on_press()
def drag_update(self, event):
self.xy[self.drag_ind] = [event.xdata, event.ydata]
self.points.set_offsets(self.xy)
self.ax.draw_artist(self.points)
self.fig.canvas.draw()
def end_drag(self, event):
"""End the binding of mouse motion to a particular point."""
self.redraw()
for cid in self.drag_cids:
self.fig.canvas.mpl_disconnect(cid)
def on_press(self):
self.line[0].set_alpha(.4)
def redraw(self):
x_data,y_data = self.line[0].get_data()
pt_x,pt_y = self.xy[self.drag_ind]
x_data[self.drag_ind] = pt_x
y_data[self.drag_ind] = pt_y
self.line[0].set_data(x_data,y_data)
self.line[0].set_alpha(1)
self.fig.canvas.draw()
def setup_axes(self):
fig, ax = plt.subplots()
return fig, ax
def show(self):
plt.show()
完整代码如下:
import io
try:
import tornado
except ImportError:
raise RuntimeError("This example requires tornado.")
import tornado.web
import tornado.httpserver
import tornado.ioloop
import tornado.websocket
from matplotlib.backends.backend_webagg_core import (
FigureManagerWebAgg, new_figure_manager_given_figure)
from matplotlib.figure import Figure
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import matplotlib
import numpy as np
import json
class InteractiveLine:
def __init__(self, points_list):
self.fig, self.ax = self.setup_axes()
self.tolerance = 10
self.xy = points_list
x_data = [pt[0] for pt in points_list]
y_data = [pt[1] for pt in points_list]
self.points = self.ax.scatter(
x_data, y_data, s=200, color='#39ff14',
picker=self.tolerance, zorder=1)
self.line = self.ax.plot(
x_data, y_data, ls='--', c='#666666',
zorder=0)
self.fig.canvas.mpl_connect('button_press_event', self.on_click)
def on_click(self, event):
contains, info = self.points.contains(event)
print(contains)
print(info)
if contains:
ind = info['ind'][0]
print("You clicked {}!".format(ind))
self.start_drag(ind)
def start_drag(self, ind):
self.drag_ind = ind
connect = self.fig.canvas.mpl_connect
cid1 = connect('motion_notify_event', self.drag_update)
cid2 = connect('button_release_event', self.end_drag)
self.drag_cids = [cid1, cid2]
self.on_press()
def drag_update(self, event):
self.xy[self.drag_ind] = [event.xdata, event.ydata]
self.points.set_offsets(self.xy)
self.ax.draw_artist(self.points)
self.fig.canvas.draw()
def end_drag(self, event):
"""End the binding of mouse motion to a particular point."""
self.redraw()
for cid in self.drag_cids:
self.fig.canvas.mpl_disconnect(cid)
def on_press(self):
self.line[0].set_alpha(.4)
def redraw(self):
x_data,y_data = self.line[0].get_data()
pt_x,pt_y = self.xy[self.drag_ind]
x_data[self.drag_ind] = pt_x
y_data[self.drag_ind] = pt_y
self.line[0].set_data(x_data,y_data)
self.line[0].set_alpha(1)
self.fig.canvas.draw()
def setup_axes(self):
fig, ax = plt.subplots()
return fig, ax
def show(self):
plt.show()
# The following is the content of the web page. You would normally
# generate this using some sort of template facility in your web
# framework, but here we just use Python string formatting.
html_content = """
<html>
<head>
<!-- TODO: There should be a way to include all of the required javascript
and CSS so matplotlib can add to the set in the future if it
needs to. -->
<link rel="stylesheet" href="_static/css/page.css" type="text/css">
<link rel="stylesheet" href="_static/css/boilerplate.css" type="text/css" />
<link rel="stylesheet" href="_static/css/fbm.css" type="text/css" />
<link rel="stylesheet" href="_static/jquery-ui-1.12.1/jquery-ui.min.css" >
<script src="_static/jquery-ui-1.12.1/external/jquery/jquery.js"></script>
<script src="_static/jquery-ui-1.12.1/jquery-ui.min.js"></script>
<script src="mpl.js"></script>
<script>
/* This is a callback that is called when the user saves
(downloads) a file. Its purpose is really to map from a
figure and file format to a url in the application. */
function ondownload(figure, format) {
window.open('download.' + format, '_blank');
};
$(document).ready(
function() {
/* It is up to the application to provide a websocket that the figure
will use to communicate to the server. This websocket object can
also be a "fake" websocket that underneath multiplexes messages
from multiple figures, if necessary. */
var websocket_type = mpl.get_websocket_type();
var websocket = new websocket_type("%(ws_uri)sws");
// mpl.figure creates a new figure on the webpage.
var fig = new mpl.figure(
// A unique numeric identifier for the figure
%(fig_id)s,
// A websocket object (or something that behaves like one)
websocket,
// A function called when a file type is selected for download
ondownload,
// The HTML element in which to place the figure
$('div#figure'));
}
);
</script>
<title>matplotlib</title>
</head>
<body>
<div id="figure">
</div>
</body>
</html>
"""
class MyApplication(tornado.web.Application):
class MainPage(tornado.web.RequestHandler):
"""
Serves the main HTML page.
"""
def get(self):
manager = self.application.manager
ws_uri = "ws://{req.host}/".format(req=self.request)
content = html_content % {
"ws_uri": ws_uri, "fig_id": manager.num}
self.write(content)
class MplJs(tornado.web.RequestHandler):
"""
Serves the generated matplotlib javascript file. The content
is dynamically generated based on which toolbar functions the
user has defined. Call `FigureManagerWebAgg` to get its
content.
"""
def get(self):
self.set_header('Content-Type', 'application/javascript')
js_content = FigureManagerWebAgg.get_javascript()
self.write(js_content)
class Download(tornado.web.RequestHandler):
"""
Handles downloading of the figure in various file formats.
"""
def get(self, fmt):
manager = self.application.manager
mimetypes = {
'ps': 'application/postscript',
'eps': 'application/postscript',
'pdf': 'application/pdf',
'svg': 'image/svg+xml',
'png': 'image/png',
'jpeg': 'image/jpeg',
'tif': 'image/tiff',
'emf': 'application/emf'
}
self.set_header('Content-Type', mimetypes.get(fmt, 'binary'))
buff = io.BytesIO()
manager.canvas.figure.savefig(buff, format=fmt)
self.write(buff.getvalue())
class WebSocket(tornado.websocket.WebSocketHandler):
"""
A websocket for interactive communication between the plot in
the browser and the server.
In addition to the methods required by tornado, it is required to
have two callback methods:
- ``send_json(json_content)`` is called by matplotlib when
it needs to send json to the browser. `json_content` is
a JSON tree (Python dictionary), and it is the responsibility
of this implementation to encode it as a string to send over
the socket.
- ``send_binary(blob)`` is called to send binary image data
to the browser.
"""
supports_binary = True
def open(self):
# Register the websocket with the FigureManager.
manager = self.application.manager
manager.add_web_socket(self)
if hasattr(self, 'set_nodelay'):
self.set_nodelay(True)
def on_close(self):
# When the socket is closed, deregister the websocket with
# the FigureManager.
manager = self.application.manager
manager.remove_web_socket(self)
def on_message(self, message):
# The 'supports_binary' message is relevant to the
# websocket itself. The other messages get passed along
# to matplotlib as-is.
# Every message has a "type" and a "figure_id".
message = json.loads(message)
if message['type'] == 'supports_binary':
self.supports_binary = message['value']
else:
manager = self.application.manager
manager.handle_json(message)
def send_json(self, content):
self.write_message(json.dumps(content))
def send_binary(self, blob):
if self.supports_binary:
self.write_message(blob, binary=True)
else:
data_uri = "data:image/png;base64,{0}".format(
blob.encode('base64').replace('\n', ''))
self.write_message(data_uri)
def __init__(self, figure):
self.figure = figure
self.manager = new_figure_manager_given_figure(id(figure), figure)
super().__init__([
# Static files for the CSS and JS
(r'/_static/(.*)',
tornado.web.StaticFileHandler,
{'path': FigureManagerWebAgg.get_static_file_path()}),
# The page that contains all of the pieces
('/', self.MainPage),
('/mpl.js', self.MplJs),
# Sends images and events to the browser, and receives
# events from the browser
('/ws', self.WebSocket),
# Handles the downloading (i.e., saving) of static images
(r'/download.([a-z0-9.]+)', self.Download),
])
if __name__ == "__main__":
point_coords = [[.75, .75],
[1, 1],
[1.25, .125]]
il = InteractiveLine(point_coords)
application = MyApplication(il.fig)
http_server = tornado.httpserver.HTTPServer(application)
http_server.listen(8080)
print("http://127.0.0.1:8080/")
print("Press Ctrl+C to quit")
tornado.ioloop.IOLoop.instance().start()
当我使用时，绘图按预期工作
InteractiveLine(point_coords).show()
我知道 .show() 方法也使用 Tornado，但我不确定如何获得与编写我自己的 Tornado 应用程序的 .show() 相同的结果。
最佳答案
我成功了!我更换了线路
self.manager = new_figure_manager_given_figure(id(figure), figure)
与
self.manager = self.figure.canvas.manager
我还明确告诉 matplotlib 使用 webagg:
matplotlib.use('webagg')
我认为创建一个新的图形管理器会覆盖事件连接，因此当图形收到鼠标事件时什么也没有发生。
关于python - 将交互式 WebAgg 绘图嵌入 Tornado 时出现问题，我们在Stack Overflow上找到一个类似的问题： https://stackoverflow.com/questions/57564536/