我一直在 stackoverflow 和其他 pyqt 教程中寻找有关如何克服 pyqt4 中的 GUI 卡住问题的解决方案。有类似的主题建议使用以下方法来纠正它:
- 将长时间运行的循环移至辅助线程，绘制 GUI 发生在主线程中。
- 在循环中调用
app.processEvents()。这使 Qt 有机会处理事件并重绘 GUI。
我已经尝试了上述方法，但我的 GUI 仍然卡住。我在下面给出了导致问题的代码结构。
# a lot of headers
from PyQt4 import QtCore, QtGui
import time
import serial
from time import sleep
from PyQt4.QtCore import QThread, SIGNAL
getcontext().prec = 6
getcontext().rounding = ROUND_CEILING
adbPacNo = 0
sdbPacNo =0
tmPacNo = 0
try:
_fromUtf8 = QtCore.QString.fromUtf8
except AttributeError:
def _fromUtf8(s):
return s
try:
_encoding = QtGui.QApplication.UnicodeUTF8
def _translate(context, text, disambig):
return QtGui.QApplication.translate(context, text, disambig, _encoding)
except AttributeError:
def _translate(context, text, disambig):
return QtGui.QApplication.translate(context, text, disambig)
#ADB Widget
class Ui_ADB(object):
def setupUi(self, ADB):
ADB.setObjectName(_fromUtf8("ADB"))
ADB.resize(1080, 212)
self.gridLayout_2 = QtGui.QGridLayout(ADB)
self.gridLayout_2.setObjectName(_fromUtf8("gridLayout_2"))
self.verticalLayout = QtGui.QVBoxLayout()
self.verticalLayout.setObjectName(_fromUtf8("verticalLayout"))
self.label_20 = QtGui.QLabel(ADB)
font = QtGui.QFont()
font.setBold(True)
font.setUnderline(True)
font.setWeight(75)
self.label_20.setFont(font)
self.label_20.setAlignment(QtCore.Qt.AlignCenter)
self.label_20.setObjectName(_fromUtf8("label_20"))
.
# Rate X
self.rateX = QtGui.QLineEdit(ADB)
self.rateX.setReadOnly(True)
self.rateX.setObjectName(_fromUtf8("rateX"))
self.gridLayout.addWidget(self.rateX, 1, 6, 1, 1)
# Rate Z
self.rateZ = QtGui.QLineEdit(ADB)
self.rateZ.setReadOnly(True)
self.rateZ.setObjectName(_fromUtf8("rateZ"))
self.gridLayout.addWidget(self.rateZ, 1, 10, 1, 1)
# Rate Y
self.rateY = QtGui.QLineEdit(ADB)
self.rateY.setReadOnly(True)
self.rateY.setObjectName(_fromUtf8("rateY"))
self.gridLayout.addWidget(self.rateY, 1, 8, 1, 1)
# qv2
# qv1
# rateValid
# qv3
# qs
# and a lot more....
def retranslateUi(self, ADB):
# this contains the label definintions
# SDB Widget
class Ui_SDB(object):
def setupUi(self, SDB):
# again lot of fields to be displayed
def retranslateUi(self, SDB):
# this contains the label definintions
def sdbReader(self, sdbData):
#--- CRC Checking -------------------------------------------------#
global sdbPacNo
sdbPacNo+=1
tmCRC = sdbData[0:4];
data = sdbData[4:];
tmCRCResult = TM_CRCChecker(data,tmCRC)
if (tmCRCResult == 1):
print 'SDB Packet verification : SUCCESS!'
else:
print 'SDB packet verification : FAILED!'
quit()
#--- Type ID and Length -------------------------------------------#
# code to check the ID and length of the packet
#--- Reading out SDB into its respective variables ----------------#
# the code that performs the calculations and updates the parameters for GUI
## make thread for displaying ADB and SDB separately
# ADB Thread
class adbThread(QThread):
def __init__(self,Ui_ADB, adbData):
QThread.__init__(self)
self.adbData = adbData
self.Ui_ADB = Ui_ADB
def adbReader(self,adbData):
global adbPacNo
adbPacNo+=1;
#--- CRC Checking -------------------------------------------------#
tmCRC = self.adbData[0:4];
data = self.adbData[4:];
tmCRCResult = TM_CRCChecker(data,tmCRC)
if (tmCRCResult == 1):
print 'ADB Packet verification : SUCCESS!'
else:
print 'ADB packet verification : FAILED!'
#--- Type ID and Length -------------------------------------------#
# code to check the ID and length
#--- Reading out ADB into respective variables --------------------#
qvUnit = decimal.Decimal(pow(2,-30))
qv1 = qvUnit*decimal.Decimal(int(ADBlock[0:8],16))
qv1 = qv1.to_eng_string()
print 'qv1 = '+ qv1
self.Ui_ADB.qv1.setText(qv1)
# similar to above code there are many such variables that have to
# be calculated and printed on the respective fields.
def __del__(self):
self.wait()
def run(self):
self.adbReader(self.adbData)
myMessage = "ITS F** DONE!"
self.emit(SIGNAL('done(QString)'), myMessage)
print "I am in ADB RUN"
# SDB Thread
class sdbThread(QThread):
#similar type as of adbThread
# Global Variable to set the number of packets
packets=0
class mainwindow(QtGui.QMainWindow):
def __init__(self):
super(self.__class__, self).__init__()
self.setupUi(self)
def setupUi(self, MainWindow):
MainWindow.setObjectName(_fromUtf8("MainWindow"))
MainWindow.resize(1153, 125)
self.centralwidget = QtGui.QWidget(MainWindow)
self.centralwidget.setObjectName(_fromUtf8("centralwidget"))
self.formLayout = QtGui.QFormLayout(self.centralwidget)
self.formLayout.setObjectName(_fromUtf8("formLayout"))
self.label = QtGui.QLabel(self.centralwidget)
self.label.setObjectName(_fromUtf8("label"))
self.formLayout.setWidget(0, QtGui.QFormLayout.LabelRole, self.label)
self.serialStatus = QtGui.QLineEdit(self.centralwidget)
self.serialStatus.setReadOnly(True)
self.serialStatus.setObjectName(_fromUtf8("serialStatus"))
self.formLayout.setWidget(0, QtGui.QFormLayout.FieldRole, self.serialStatus)
self.label_2 = QtGui.QLabel(self.centralwidget)
self.label_2.setObjectName(_fromUtf8("label_2"))
self.formLayout.setWidget(1, QtGui.QFormLayout.LabelRole, self.label_2)
self.lineEdit = QtGui.QLineEdit(self.centralwidget)
self.lineEdit.setReadOnly(True)
self.lineEdit.setObjectName(_fromUtf8("lineEdit"))
self.formLayout.setWidget(1, QtGui.QFormLayout.FieldRole, self.lineEdit)
MainWindow.setCentralWidget(self.centralwidget)
self.menubar = QtGui.QMenuBar(MainWindow)
self.menubar.setGeometry(QtCore.QRect(0, 0, 1153, 25))
self.menubar.setObjectName(_fromUtf8("menubar"))
MainWindow.setMenuBar(self.menubar)
self.statusbar = QtGui.QStatusBar(MainWindow)
self.statusbar.setObjectName(_fromUtf8("statusbar"))
MainWindow.setStatusBar(self.statusbar)
self.retranslateUi(MainWindow)
QtCore.QMetaObject.connectSlotsByName(MainWindow)
################################################################
#Setting up ADB
self.Ui_ADB = Ui_ADB()
self.myADB = QtGui.QWidget()
self.Ui_ADB.setupUi(self.myADB)
self.myADB.show()
# Setting up SDB
self.Ui_SDB = Ui_SDB()
self.mySDB = QtGui.QWidget()
self.Ui_SDB.setupUi(self.mySDB)
# Setting up the serial communication
self.tmSerial = serial.Serial('/dev/ttyACM0',9600)
self.sdb_Thread = sdbThread(self.Ui_SDB, self.mySDB)
buff = ''
tempByte= ''
counter =1
while counter<10:
# this reads the header of the SP
# Simulating the RTT signal trigger
self.tmSerial.write('y')
print "serial opened to read header"
tmSerialData = self.tmSerial.read(8*8)
print "tmSerialData="+str(tmSerialData)
littleEndian = tmSerialData[0:8*8]
# Converts the bitstream of SP header after converting to bigEndian
bufferData = bitstream_to_hex(littleEndian)
print "bufferData="+str(bufferData)
# Reads the header info : First 8 bytes
headerINFO = readHeader(bufferData)
# checking the packets in the headerINFO
# ADB & SDB present
global tmPacNo
if (headerINFO['adbINFO'] == 1 and headerINFO['sdbINFO'] == 1):
print 'Both ADB and SDB info are present'
tmPacNo+=1;
# Need to call both ADB and SDB
# Statements for reading the ADB
bufferData = tmSerial.read(42*8) # ADB packet bitstream
self.adbPacket = bitstream_to_hex(bufferData)
# Calling ADB thread
self.adb_Thread = adbThread(self.Ui_ADB, self.adbPacket)
self.adb_Thread.start()
#self.connect(self.adb_Thread, SIGNAL("finished()"),self.done)
self.connect(self.adb_Thread, SIGNAL("done(QString)"), self.done)
QtGui.QApplication.processEvents()
# IGNORED FOR NOW...
## Statements for reading the SDB
#bufferData = self.tmSerial.read(46*8) # SDB packet bitstream
#self.sdbPacket = bitstream_to_hex(bufferData)
## Calling SDB thread
#self.sdb_Thread.run(self.sdbPacket)
elif (headerINFO['adbINFO'] == 1 and headerINFO['sdbINFO'] == 0):
print 'ADB INFO only present'
tmPacNo+=1;
# Statements for reading the ADB
bufferData = self.tmSerial.read(42*8) # ADB packet bitstream
self.adbPacket = bitstream_to_hex(bufferData)
# Calling ADB thread
self.adb_Thread = adbThread(self.Ui_ADB, self.adbPacket)
self.adb_Thread.start()
#self.connect(self.adb_Thread, SIGNAL("finished()"),self.done)
self.connect(self.adb_Thread, SIGNAL("done(QString)"), self.done)
QtGui.QApplication.processEvents()
# IGNORED FOR NOW...
#elif (headerINFO['adbINFO'] == 0 and headerINFO['sdbINFO'] == 1):
#print 'SDB INFO only present'
#tmPacNo+=1;
## Statements for reading the SDB
#bufferData = self.tmSerial.read(46*8) # SDB packet bitstream
#self.sdbPacket = bitstream_to_hex(bufferData)
## Calling SDB thread
#self.sdb_Thread.run(sdbPacket)
#while (self.adb_Thread.isFinished() or self.sdb_Thread.isFinished() is False):
#print "waiting to complete adb Thread"
counter+=1
################################################################
def retranslateUi(self, MainWindow):
MainWindow.setWindowTitle(_translate("MainWindow", "MainWindow", None))
self.label.setText(_translate("MainWindow", "Serial Communication Status", None))
self.label_2.setText(_translate("MainWindow", "No. of SP_Packets Received", None))
####################################################################
def done(self,someText):
print someText + "the value has been updated"
self.myADB.show()
# This program converts the little endian bitstream -> BigEndian -> hex
def bitstream_to_hex(bitStream):
#global littleEndian
# small code for conversion
if __name__== "__main__":
import sys
# setting up the GUI
app = QtGui.QApplication(sys.argv)
main = mainwindow()
main.show()
sys.exit(app.exec_())
在上面的代码中可以注意到线程已经被实现，但我不确定我做错了什么？我已将长时间运行的循环 adbreader() 放入线程中，但 GUI 中的值并未响应更新。我只能在 while 循环运行 10 次后才能查看输出。
此外，我尝试使用QtGui.QApplication.processEvents()，这以某种方式设法在 GUI 中打印值，但我对这种方法不满意。(不高兴是因为，有时在迭代 5 时跳过打印，并在接下来的迭代 7 中打印值)非常感谢有关如何为此目的使用线程的一些指导。
最佳答案
根据three_pinapples的建议，我尝试通过创建更多线程来卸载程序。此外，我还调用了在 while 循环中执行整个串行写入和读取的线程。这导致了无论循环如何都只能调用线程一次的问题。我不确定为什么，但我想这可能是因为在循环中一次又一次地调用同一个对象？不确定。
我找到了解决这个问题的方法，即使用信号/槽机制作为递归函数，使线程保持无限运行模式，而不管 while 循环如何。我已经发布了以下代码的修改结构:
# a lot of headers
from PyQt4 import QtCore, QtGui
import time
import serial
from time import sleep
from PyQt4.QtCore import QThread, SIGNAL
getcontext().prec = 6
getcontext().rounding = ROUND_CEILING
adbPacNo = 0
sdbPacNo =0
tmPacNo = 0
try:
_fromUtf8 = QtCore.QString.fromUtf8
except AttributeError:
def _fromUtf8(s):
return s
try:
_encoding = QtGui.QApplication.UnicodeUTF8
def _translate(context, text, disambig):
return QtGui.QApplication.translate(context, text, disambig, _encoding)
except AttributeError:
def _translate(context, text, disambig):
return QtGui.QApplication.translate(context, text, disambig)
#ADB Widget
class Ui_ADB(object):
def setupUi(self, ADB):
# Rate X
# Rate Z
# Rate Y
# qv2
# qv1
# rateValid
# qv3
# qs
# and a lot more....
def retranslateUi(self, ADB):
# this contains the label definintions
## make thread for displaying ADB and SDB separately
# ADB Thread
class adbThread(QThread):
def __init__(self,Ui_ADB, adbData):
def adbReader(self,adbData):
global adbPacNo
adbPacNo+=1;
#--- CRC Checking -------------------------------------------------#
#--- Type ID and Length -------------------------------------------#
# code to check the ID and length
#--- Reading out ADB into respective variables --------------------#
# similar to above code there are many such variables that have to
# be calculated and printed on the respective fields.
def __del__(self):
self.wait()
def run(self):
self.adbReader(self.adbData)
myMessage = "ITS F** DONE!"
self.emit(SIGNAL('done(QString)'), myMessage)
print "I am in ADB RUN"
# SDB Thread
class sdbThread(QThread):
#similar type as of adbThread
# Global Variable to set the number of packets
packets=0
# WorkerThread : This runs individually in the loop & call the respective threads to print.
class workerThread(QThread):
readComplete = QtCore.pyqtSignal(object)
def __init__(self, tmSerial, Ui_ADB, myADB, Ui_SDB, mySDB):
QThread.__init__(self)
self.tmSerial = tmSerial
self.Ui_ADB = Ui_ADB
self.myADB = myADB
self.Ui_SDB = Ui_SDB
self.mySDB = mySDB
def __del__(self):
self.wait()
def run(self):
print "worker = "+str(self.temp)
buff = ''
tempByte= ''
# Simulating the RTT signal trigger
self.tmSerial.write('y')
# Reading SP Header
tmSerialData = self.tmSerial.read(8*8)
# Converts the bitstream of SP header after converting to bigEndian
bufferData = bitstream_to_hex(littleEndian)
# Reads the header info : First 8 bytes
headerINFO = readHeader(bufferData)
# checking the packets in the headerINFO
global tmPacNo
if (headerINFO['adbINFO'] == 1 and headerINFO['sdbINFO'] == 1):
print 'Both ADB and SDB info are present'
tmPacNo+=1;
# Need to call both ADB and SDB
# Statements for reading the ADB
bufferData = tmSerial.read(42*8) # ADB packet bitstream
self.adbPacket = bitstream_to_hex(bufferData)
# Calling ADB thread
self.adb_Thread = adbThread(self.Ui_ADB, self.myADB, self.adbPacket)
self.adb_Thread.start()
self.adb_Thread.adbReadComplete.connect(self.adbdone)
# IGNORED -- Statements for reading the SDB
# Calling SDB thread
#self.sdb_Thread.run(self.sdbPacket)
elif (headerINFO['adbINFO'] == 1 and headerINFO['sdbINFO'] == 0):
print 'ADB INFO only present'
tmPacNo+=1;
# Statements for reading the ADB
bufferData = self.tmSerial.read(42*8) # ADB packet bitstream
self.adbPacket = bitstream_to_hex(bufferData)
# Calling ADB thread
self.adb_Thread = adbReadThread(self.Ui_ADB, self.myADB , self.adbPacket)
self.adb_Thread.start()
self.adb_Thread.adbReadComplete.connect(self.adbDone)
# IGNORED FOR NOW
#elif (headerINFO['adbINFO'] == 0 and headerINFO['sdbINFO'] == 1):
#print 'SDB INFO only present'
#tmPacNo+=1;
## Statements for reading the SDB
#bufferData = self.tmSerial.read(46*8) # SDB packet bitstream
#self.sdbPacket = bitstream_to_hex(bufferData)
## Calling SDB thread
#self.sdb_Thread.run(sdbPacket)
mess = "Worker Reading complete"
self.readComplete.emit(mess)
def adbDone(self,text):
print text
#self.myADB.show()
# Global Variable to set the number of packets
packets=0
class mainwindow(QtGui.QMainWindow):
def __init__(self):
super(self.__class__, self).__init__()
self.setupUi(self)
def setupUi(self, MainWindow):
MainWindow.setObjectName(_fromUtf8("MainWindow"))
MainWindow.resize(1153, 125)
# ..... codes for main window GUI
################################################################
#Setting up ADB
self.Ui_ADB = Ui_ADB()
self.myADB = QtGui.QWidget()
self.Ui_ADB.setupUi(self.myADB)
#self.myADB.show()
# IGONRED FOR NOW -- Setting up SDB
self.Ui_SDB = Ui_SDB()
self.mySDB = QtGui.QWidget()
self.Ui_SDB.setupUi(self.mySDB)
# Setting up the serial communication
self.tmSerial = serial.Serial('/dev/ttyACM0',9600)
# IGONRED FOR NOW -- setting up the SDB read thread
#self.sdb_Thread = sdbReadThread(self.Ui_SDB, self.SDBPacket)
# *** MODIFIED ***
# Setting up the Worker thread
self.tmWorker = workerThread(self.tmSerial, self.Ui_ADB, self.myADB, Ui_SDB, self.mySDB)
# Code to call the thread that checks the serial data and print accordingly
self.tmWorker.start()
self.tmWorker.readComplete.connect(self.done) # This will act as a recursive function
def retranslateUi(self, MainWindow):
MainWindow.setWindowTitle(_translate("MainWindow", "MainWindow", None))
self.label.setText(_translate("MainWindow", "Serial Communication Status", None))
self.label_2.setText(_translate("MainWindow", "No. of SP_Packets Received", None))
####################################################################
def done(self):
print "worker reading done"
self.myADB.show()
self.tmWorker.start() #Modified
#sleep(01)
# This program converts the little endian bitstream -> BigEndian -> hex
def bitstream_to_hex(bitStream):
# Code for conversion
if __name__== "__main__":
import sys
# setting up the GUI
app = QtGui.QApplication(sys.argv)
main = mainwindow()
main.show()
sys.exit(app.exec_())
该程序现在运行良好，并且 GUI 似乎响应良好。但我发现 GUI 中存在一个问题，因为我不确定是否是因为程序运行速度比刷新帧所需的时间快得多。我发现这是因为放置在 GUI 中的计数器在更新值时会跳过一到两次计数。但 GUI 是响应的，并且在程序执行期间没有强制关闭。
希望这对正在寻找类似问题的人有所帮助。欢迎对故障和良好的编程技术有更多见解。谢谢。
关于python - PyQt4:GUI 在长时间运行的循环中卡住，我们在Stack Overflow上找到一个类似的问题： https://stackoverflow.com/questions/38722219/