我试图从 URL 中抓取一些玩家数据 (tr) 行，但是当我运行代码时似乎没有任何反应。我确信我的代码很好，因为它可以与其他包含表格的统计网站一起使用。谁能告诉我为什么什么都没有发生？提前致谢。
import urllib
import urllib.request
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
def make_soup(url):
thepage = urllib.request.urlopen(url)
soupdata = BeautifulSoup(thepage, "html.parser")
return soupdata
soup = make_soup("https://www.whoscored.com/Regions/252/Tournaments/7/Seasons/6365/Stages/13832/PlayerStatistics/England-Championship-2016-2017")
for record in soup.findAll('tr'):
print(record.text)
最佳答案
简短回答:您要查找的玩家数据不在该网址中。
那么您可能想问为什么？ 我在该页面中看到了它们，为什么它们不在那里？
因此，我将尝试解释当您使用 Chrome 等现代浏览器浏览该网址时会发生什么。
You: Type in the url and hit enter.
Chrome: Gotcha. I'll get that page for you asap, just a second. (fetching content from that url), great now I have it! But wait let me read/parse it first before I show it to you, (reading what's inside the content), oh crap this javascript tells me to get additional information from another url, ok I'll do it; oh wait here's another one to tell me to load an ads in the header, well I don't like it but I'm just gonna do what I'm told; just a second, these css tells me to display player names in bold, ok not bad; oh here's another photo from url xxx I need to load, no problem... oh man, how many stuff are there for me to process? I'm not happy with this website... (working on a bunch of other stuff...) Finally everything's ready! Now check it out!
You: Player xxx is actually quite good, I'll check it out. (click player xxx)
Chrome:: ......
正如您每次浏览网页时所看到的那样，浏览器会执行许多“幕后”操作来向用户显示网页。所以基本上:输入网址>>从网址获取内容>>解析内容>>获取其他内容>>呈现的所有内容>>显示页面(一个或多个步骤可能同时完成)
使用您的代码，它只是“从网址获取的内容”，而且您想要的那些统计数据恰好是必须从其他地方加载的“附加内容”，所以这就是为什么您什么也没有的原因。
那么我如何获得这些统计数据呢？一旦您知道负责加载这些统计信息的网址，只需跟踪它们即可。我如何找到这些网址？好吧，你总是可以阅读 JavaScript...如果你有足够的耐心...
获得所需内容的最简单方法是分析页面加载时的流量，并找出所有幕后流量。我会推荐fiddler ，但您可以使用任何您认为合适的工具。
现在让我们看看加载该页面时会发生什么:
实际上有数百个请求来完全呈现您访问的页面，您所需要做的就是找出哪个请求提供“实际”或“真实”统计数据。即使其中包含“StatisticsFeed”，也有一个 url，它可能就是这个吗？我们来看看:
{
"playerTableStats": [{
"name": "Conor Hourihane",
"firstName": "Conor",
"lastName": "Hourihane",
"playerId": 134172,
"height": 181,
"weight": 62,
"age": 25,
"isManOfTheMatch": false,
"isActive": true,
"isOpta": true,
"playedPositions": "-MC-",
"positionText": "Midfielder",
"playedPositionsShort": "M(C)",
"teamId": 142,
"teamName": "Barnsley",
"seasonId": 6365,
"seasonName": "2016/2017",
"tournamentId": 7,
"tournamentRegionId": 252,
"tournamentRegionCode": "gb-eng",
"regionCode": "ie",
"tournamentName": "Championship",
"tournamentShortName": "EC",
"rating": 7.8705882352941181,
"ranking": 1,
"apps": 17,
"subOn": 0,
"minsPlayed": 1530,
"manOfTheMatch": 4,
"yellowCard": 5.0,
"redCard": 0.0,
"goal": 3,
"assistTotal": 8,
"shotsPerGame": 2.2352941176470589,
"aerialWonPerGame": 0.6470588235294118,
"passSuccess": 81.370449678800867
},
{
"name": "Anthony Knockaert",
"firstName": "Anthony",
"lastName": "Knockaert",
"playerId": 86794,
"height": 172,
"weight": 69,
"age": 25,
"isManOfTheMatch": false,
"isActive": true,
"isOpta": true,
"playedPositions": "-AML-AMR-",
"positionText": "Midfielder",
"playedPositionsShort": "AM(LR)",
"teamId": 211,
"teamName": "Brighton",
"seasonId": 6365,
"seasonName": "2016/2017",
"tournamentId": 7,
"tournamentRegionId": 252,
"tournamentRegionCode": "gb-eng",
"regionCode": "fr",
"tournamentName": "Championship",
"tournamentShortName": "EC",
"rating": 7.6722222222222216,
"ranking": 2,
"apps": 18,
"subOn": 1,
"minsPlayed": 1471,
"manOfTheMatch": 5,
"yellowCard": 4.0,
"redCard": 0.0,
"goal": 6,
"assistTotal": 0,
"shotsPerGame": 2.3888888888888888,
"aerialWonPerGame": 0.22222222222222221,
"passSuccess": 83.420593368237348
},
{
"name": "Lewis Dunk",
"firstName": "Lewis",
"lastName": "Dunk",
"playerId": 86441,
"height": 192,
"weight": 88,
"age": 25,
"isManOfTheMatch": false,
"isActive": true,
"isOpta": true,
"playedPositions": "-DC-",
"positionText": "Defender",
"playedPositionsShort": "D(C)",
"teamId": 211,
"teamName": "Brighton",
"seasonId": 6365,
"seasonName": "2016/2017",
"tournamentId": 7,
"tournamentRegionId": 252,
"tournamentRegionCode": "gb-eng",
"regionCode": "gb-eng",
"tournamentName": "Championship",
"tournamentShortName": "EC",
"rating": 7.660000000000001,
"ranking": 3,
"apps": 18,
"subOn": 0,
"minsPlayed": 1620,
"manOfTheMatch": 3,
"yellowCard": 8.0,
"redCard": 0.0,
"goal": 1,
"assistTotal": 1,
"shotsPerGame": 0.61111111111111116,
"aerialWonPerGame": 3.5,
"passSuccess": 79.72251867662753
},
{
"name": "Tom Clarke",
"firstName": "Tom",
"lastName": "Clarke",
"playerId": 133974,
"height": 180,
"weight": 77,
"age": 28,
"isManOfTheMatch": false,
"isActive": true,
"isOpta": true,
"playedPositions": "-DC-",
"positionText": "Defender",
"playedPositionsShort": "D(C)",
"teamId": 181,
"teamName": "Preston",
"seasonId": 6365,
"seasonName": "2016/2017",
"tournamentId": 7,
"tournamentRegionId": 252,
"tournamentRegionCode": "gb-eng",
"regionCode": "gb-eng",
"tournamentName": "Championship",
"tournamentShortName": "EC",
"rating": 7.6126315789473677,
"ranking": 4,
"apps": 19,
"subOn": 0,
"minsPlayed": 1692,
"manOfTheMatch": 4,
"yellowCard": 0.0,
"redCard": 0.0,
"goal": 2,
"assistTotal": 0,
"shotsPerGame": 0.89473684210526316,
"aerialWonPerGame": 5.4736842105263159,
"passSuccess": 66.666666666666657
},
{
"name": "Pontus Jansson",
"firstName": "Pontus",
"lastName": "Jansson",
"playerId": 121123,
"height": 194,
"weight": 89,
"age": 25,
"isManOfTheMatch": false,
"isActive": true,
"isOpta": true,
"playedPositions": "-DC-",
"positionText": "Defender",
"playedPositionsShort": "D(C)",
"teamId": 19,
"teamName": "Leeds",
"seasonId": 6365,
"seasonName": "2016/2017",
"tournamentId": 7,
"tournamentRegionId": 252,
"tournamentRegionCode": "gb-eng",
"regionCode": "se",
"tournamentName": "Championship",
"tournamentShortName": "EC",
"rating": 7.5976923076923066,
"ranking": 5,
"apps": 13,
"subOn": 0,
"minsPlayed": 1126,
"manOfTheMatch": 1,
"yellowCard": 6.0,
"redCard": 0.0,
"goal": 1,
"assistTotal": 0,
"shotsPerGame": 0.53846153846153844,
"aerialWonPerGame": 3.5384615384615383,
"passSuccess": 86.336633663366342
},
{
"name": "Angus MacDonald",
"firstName": "Angus",
"lastName": "MacDonald",
"playerId": 110825,
"height": 184,
"weight": 70,
"age": 24,
"isManOfTheMatch": false,
"isActive": true,
"isOpta": true,
"playedPositions": "-DC-",
"positionText": "Defender",
"playedPositionsShort": "D(C)",
"teamId": 142,
"teamName": "Barnsley",
"seasonId": 6365,
"seasonName": "2016/2017",
"tournamentId": 7,
"tournamentRegionId": 252,
"tournamentRegionCode": "gb-eng",
"regionCode": "gb-eng",
"tournamentName": "Championship",
"tournamentShortName": "EC",
"rating": 7.5066666666666677,
"ranking": 6,
"apps": 12,
"subOn": 0,
"minsPlayed": 1080,
"manOfTheMatch": 0,
"yellowCard": 3.0,
"redCard": 0.0,
"goal": 0,
"assistTotal": 0,
"shotsPerGame": 0.33333333333333331,
"aerialWonPerGame": 4.833333333333333,
"passSuccess": 72.147651006711413
},
{
"name": "Marc Roberts",
"firstName": "Marc",
"lastName": "Roberts",
"playerId": 138949,
"height": 183,
"weight": 81,
"age": 26,
"isManOfTheMatch": false,
"isActive": true,
"isOpta": true,
"playedPositions": "-DC-",
"positionText": "Defender",
"playedPositionsShort": "D(C)",
"teamId": 142,
"teamName": "Barnsley",
"seasonId": 6365,
"seasonName": "2016/2017",
"tournamentId": 7,
"tournamentRegionId": 252,
"tournamentRegionCode": "gb-eng",
"regionCode": "gb-eng",
"tournamentName": "Championship",
"tournamentShortName": "EC",
"rating": 7.503125,
"ranking": 7,
"apps": 16,
"subOn": 0,
"minsPlayed": 1440,
"manOfTheMatch": 1,
"yellowCard": 3.0,
"redCard": 0.0,
"goal": 2,
"assistTotal": 2,
"shotsPerGame": 0.625,
"aerialWonPerGame": 7.0625,
"passSuccess": 61.595547309833023
},
{
"name": "Bradley Johnson",
"firstName": "Bradley",
"lastName": "Johnson",
"playerId": 12490,
"height": 178,
"weight": 68,
"age": 29,
"isManOfTheMatch": false,
"isActive": true,
"isOpta": true,
"playedPositions": "-MC-ML-",
"positionText": "Midfielder",
"playedPositionsShort": "M(CL)",
"teamId": 20,
"teamName": "Derby",
"seasonId": 6365,
"seasonName": "2016/2017",
"tournamentId": 7,
"tournamentRegionId": 252,
"tournamentRegionCode": "gb-eng",
"regionCode": "gb-eng",
"tournamentName": "Championship",
"tournamentShortName": "EC",
"rating": 7.4954545454545443,
"ranking": 8,
"apps": 11,
"subOn": 0,
"minsPlayed": 952,
"manOfTheMatch": 1,
"yellowCard": 4.0,
"redCard": 0.0,
"goal": 2,
"assistTotal": 1,
"shotsPerGame": 1.3636363636363635,
"aerialWonPerGame": 4.0909090909090908,
"passSuccess": 71.908127208480565
},
{
"name": "Christophe Berra",
"firstName": "Christophe",
"lastName": "Berra",
"playerId": 8287,
"height": 186,
"weight": 81,
"age": 31,
"isManOfTheMatch": false,
"isActive": true,
"isOpta": true,
"playedPositions": "-DC-",
"positionText": "Defender",
"playedPositionsShort": "D(C)",
"teamId": 165,
"teamName": "Ipswich",
"seasonId": 6365,
"seasonName": "2016/2017",
"tournamentId": 7,
"tournamentRegionId": 252,
"tournamentRegionCode": "gb-eng",
"regionCode": "gb-sct",
"tournamentName": "Championship",
"tournamentShortName": "EC",
"rating": 7.4789473684210526,
"ranking": 9,
"apps": 19,
"subOn": 0,
"minsPlayed": 1710,
"manOfTheMatch": 3,
"yellowCard": 4.0,
"redCard": 0.0,
"goal": 0,
"assistTotal": 1,
"shotsPerGame": 0.94736842105263153,
"aerialWonPerGame": 6.2105263157894735,
"passSuccess": 58.636363636363633
},
{
"name": "Adam Webster",
"firstName": "Adam",
"lastName": "Webster",
"playerId": 109922,
"height": 191,
"weight": 0,
"age": 21,
"isManOfTheMatch": false,
"isActive": true,
"isOpta": true,
"playedPositions": "-DC-",
"positionText": "Defender",
"playedPositionsShort": "D(C)",
"teamId": 165,
"teamName": "Ipswich",
"seasonId": 6365,
"seasonName": "2016/2017",
"tournamentId": 7,
"tournamentRegionId": 252,
"tournamentRegionCode": "gb-eng",
"regionCode": "gb-eng",
"tournamentName": "Championship",
"tournamentShortName": "EC",
"rating": 7.4780000000000006,
"ranking": 10,
"apps": 15,
"subOn": 1,
"minsPlayed": 1227,
"manOfTheMatch": 2,
"yellowCard": 1.0,
"redCard": 0.0,
"goal": 0,
"assistTotal": 0,
"shotsPerGame": 0.2,
"aerialWonPerGame": 5.0666666666666664,
"passSuccess": 58.256029684601117
}],
"paging": {
"currentPage": 1,
"totalPages": 34,
"resultsPerPage": 10,
"totalResults": 338,
"firstRecordIndex": 1,
"lastRecordIndex": 10
},
"statColumns": ["apps",
"subOn",
"minsPlayed",
"goal",
"assistTotal",
"yellowCard",
"redCard",
"shotsPerGame",
"passSuccess",
"aerialWonPerGame",
"manOfTheMatch"]
}
正是如此!那么现在怎么办？ 模拟此请求并解析内容，因为它已经是 JSON 格式，内置模块 json 可以轻松完成这项工作，您甚至不必使用 BeautifulSoup
你可能会问，为什么我直接浏览这个链接什么也没有呢？这是因为他们在服务器上设置了限制，以便只有具有有效 header 的请求才会获得提要。那么我该如何绕过它呢？使用正确的参数(主要是标题)“生动地”模拟，以便他们相信您。
关于Python BeautifulSoup 不抓取这个网址，我们在Stack Overflow上找到一个类似的问题： https://stackoverflow.com/questions/41007470/