使用 GaussianNB 分类器进行交叉验证的 Python 朴素贝叶斯

Question

我想对我的数据应用具有 10 倍分层交叉验证的朴素贝叶斯，然后我想看看模型在我最初预留的测试数据上的表现如何。 但是，我得到的结果(即预测结果和概率值 y_pred_nb2 和 y_score_nb2)与我在没有任何交叉验证的情况下运行代码时相同。 问题:我该如何纠正这个问题？

代码如下，其中 X_train 占整个数据集的 75%，X_test 占整个数据集的 25%。

from sklearn.model_selection import StratifiedKFold 

params = {}

#gridsearch searches for the best hyperparameters and keeps the classifier with the highest recall score
skf = StratifiedKFold(n_splits=10)

nb2 = GridSearchCV(GaussianNB(), cv=skf, param_grid=params)
%time nb2.fit(X_train, y_train)

# predict values on the test set
y_pred_nb2 = nb2.predict(X_test) 

print(y_pred_nb2)

# predicted probabilities on the test set
y_scores_nb2 = nb2.predict_proba(X_test)[:, 1]

print(y_scores_nb2)

Answer 1

首先GaussianNB只接受 priors 作为参数，因此除非您提前为模型设置了一些先验，否则您将无法进行网格搜索。

此外，您的 param_grid 设置为一个空字典，这可确保您仅使用 GridSearchCV 拟合一个估计器。这与不使用网格搜索来拟合估计器相同(例如，我使用 MultinomialNB 来显示超参数的使用):

from sklearn.datasets import load_iris
from sklearn.model_selection import GridSearchCV, StratifiedKFold, train_test_split
from sklearn.naive_bayes import MultinomialNB

skf = StratifiedKFold(n_splits=10)
params = {}
nb = MultinomialNB()
gs = GridSearchCV(nb, cv=skf, param_grid=params, return_train_score=True)

data = load_iris()
x_train, x_test, y_train, y_test = train_test_split(data.data, data.target)

gs.fit(x_train, y_train)

gs.cv_results_
{'mean_fit_time': array([0.]),
 'mean_score_time': array([0.]),
 'mean_test_score': array([0.85714286]),
 'mean_train_score': array([0.85992157]),
 'params': [{}],
 'rank_test_score': array([1]),
 'split0_test_score': array([0.91666667]),
 'split0_train_score': array([0.84]),
 'split1_test_score': array([0.75]),
 'split1_train_score': array([0.86]),
 'split2_test_score': array([0.83333333]),
 'split2_train_score': array([0.84]),
 'split3_test_score': array([0.91666667]),
 'split3_train_score': array([0.83]),
 'split4_test_score': array([0.83333333]),
 'split4_train_score': array([0.85]),
 'split5_test_score': array([0.91666667]),
 'split5_train_score': array([0.84]),
 'split6_test_score': array([0.9]),
 'split6_train_score': array([0.88235294]),
 'split7_test_score': array([0.8]),
 'split7_train_score': array([0.88235294]),
 'split8_test_score': array([0.8]),
 'split8_train_score': array([0.89215686]),
 'split9_test_score': array([0.9]),
 'split9_train_score': array([0.88235294]),
 'std_fit_time': array([0.]),
 'std_score_time': array([0.]),
 'std_test_score': array([0.05832118]),
 'std_train_score': array([0.02175538])}

nb.fit(x_train, y_train)
nb.score(x_test, y_test)
0.8157894736842105

gs.score(x_test, y_test)
0.8157894736842105

gs.param_grid = {'alpha': [0.1, 2]}
gs.fit(x_train, y_train)
gs.score(x_test, y_test)
0.8421052631578947

gs.cv_results_
{'mean_fit_time': array([0.00090394, 0.00049713]),
 'mean_score_time': array([0.00029924, 0.0003005 ]),
 'mean_test_score': array([0.86607143, 0.85714286]),
 'mean_train_score': array([0.86092157, 0.85494118]),
 'param_alpha': masked_array(data=[0.1, 2],
              mask=[False, False],
        fill_value='?',
             dtype=object),
 'params': [{'alpha': 0.1}, {'alpha': 2}],
 'rank_test_score': array([1, 2]),
 'split0_test_score': array([0.91666667, 0.91666667]),
 'split0_train_score': array([0.84, 0.83]),
 'split1_test_score': array([0.75, 0.75]),
 'split1_train_score': array([0.86, 0.86]),
 'split2_test_score': array([0.83333333, 0.83333333]),
 'split2_train_score': array([0.85, 0.84]),
 'split3_test_score': array([0.91666667, 0.91666667]),
 'split3_train_score': array([0.83, 0.81]),
 'split4_test_score': array([0.83333333, 0.83333333]),
 'split4_train_score': array([0.85, 0.84]),
 'split5_test_score': array([0.91666667, 0.91666667]),
 'split5_train_score': array([0.84, 0.84]),
 'split6_test_score': array([0.9, 0.9]),
 'split6_train_score': array([0.88235294, 0.88235294]),
 'split7_test_score': array([0.9, 0.8]),
 'split7_train_score': array([0.88235294, 0.88235294]),
 'split8_test_score': array([0.8, 0.8]),
 'split8_train_score': array([0.89215686, 0.89215686]),
 'split9_test_score': array([0.9, 0.9]),
 'split9_train_score': array([0.88235294, 0.87254902]),
 'std_fit_time': array([0.00030147, 0.00049713]),
 'std_score_time': array([0.00045711, 0.00045921]),
 'std_test_score': array([0.05651628, 0.05832118]),
 'std_train_score': array([0.02103457, 0.02556351])}