python - 使用 docker-compose 启动 Jupyter Notebook 时激活 Docker 容器内的 conda env

Question

我有以下Dockerfile。

FROM continuumio/miniconda3:4.5.11

# create a new user (defaults to 'al-khawarizmi')
USER root
ARG username=al-khawarizmi
RUN useradd --create-home --home-dir /home/${username} ${username}
ENV HOME /home/${username}

# switch to newly created user to avoid running container as root
USER ${username}
WORKDIR $HOME

# build and activate the specified conda environment from a file (defaults to 'environment.yml')
ARG environment=environment.yml
COPY ${environment} .
RUN conda env create --file ${environment} && \
    echo ". /opt/conda/etc/profile.d/conda.sh" >> ~/.bashrc && \ 
    echo "conda activate $(head -1 ${environment} | cut -d' ' -f2)" >> ~/.bashrc

Dockerfile 允许用户指定 conda 环境文件作为构建参数。这是一个典型的 environment.yml 文件。

name: nessie-py

channels:
  - conda-forge
  - defaults

dependencies:
  - python=3.6
  - "notebook=5.7.*"
  - "matplotlib=3.0.*"
  - "numpy=1.15.*"
  - "pandas=0.23.*"

用户可以按照标准方式运行镜像，conda环境会自动激活。运行

$ docker run -it image_name:image_tag

在激活 conda 环境的情况下，在 Docker 容器内生成 bash 提示符。

(environment_name)$

现在我想使用 docker-compose 在容器内启动 Jupyter 笔记本服务器(使用 conda 环境文件构建，指定 Jupyter 作为依赖项)。

当我使用以下docker-compose.yml

version: "3.7"

services:
  notebook-server:
    build:
      context: ./
    ports:
      - "8888:8888"
    volumes:
      - ./:/home/al-khawarizmi
    command: jupyter notebook --no-browser ip=0.0.0.0  

我收到以下错误。

$ docker-compose up
Creating network "nessie-py_default" with the default driver
Creating nessie-py_notebook-server_1 ... done
Attaching to nessie-py_notebook-server_1
notebook-server_1  | [FATAL tini (7)] exec jupyter failed: No such file or directory
nessie-py_notebook-server_1 exited with code 127

我怀疑这个错误是指conda环境没有激活。然后，我尝试将 tty: true 和 stdin_open: true 添加到 docker-compose.yml 中，认为这应该在之前调用交互式 bash 提示符运行命令。这导致了与上面相同的错误。

我还尝试定义一个 start-notebook.sh 脚本，该脚本在运行笔记本之前显式激活 conda 环境。

#!/bin/bash
set -e

# activate the environment and start the notebook
conda activate nessie-py
jupyter notebook --no-browser ip=0.0.0.0

导致不同的错误

$ docker-compose up
Creating network "nessie-py_default" with the default driver
Creating nessie-py_notebook-server_1 ... done
Attaching to nessie-py_notebook-server_1
notebook-server_1  | 
notebook-server_1  | CommandNotFoundError: Your shell has not been properly configured to use 'conda activate'.
notebook-server_1  | If your shell is Bash or a Bourne variant, enable conda for the current user with
notebook-server_1  | 
notebook-server_1  |     $ echo ". /opt/conda/etc/profile.d/conda.sh" >> ~/.bashrc
notebook-server_1  | 
notebook-server_1  | or, for all users, enable conda with
notebook-server_1  | 
notebook-server_1  |     $ sudo ln -s /opt/conda/etc/profile.d/conda.sh /etc/profile.d/conda.sh
notebook-server_1  | 
notebook-server_1  | The options above will permanently enable the 'conda' command, but they do NOT
notebook-server_1  | put conda's base (root) environment on PATH.  To do so, run
notebook-server_1  | 
notebook-server_1  |     $ conda activate
notebook-server_1  | 
notebook-server_1  | in your terminal, or to put the base environment on PATH permanently, run
notebook-server_1  | 
notebook-server_1  |     $ echo "conda activate" >> ~/.bashrc
notebook-server_1  | 
notebook-server_1  | Previous to conda 4.4, the recommended way to activate conda was to modify PATH in
notebook-server_1  | your ~/.bashrc file.  You should manually remove the line that looks like
notebook-server_1  | 
notebook-server_1  |     export PATH="/opt/conda/bin:$PATH"
notebook-server_1  | 
notebook-server_1  | ^^^ The above line should NO LONGER be in your ~/.bashrc file! ^^^
notebook-server_1  | 
notebook-server_1  | 
nessie-py_notebook-server_1 exited with code 1

此错误表明 bash 在运行脚本之前未获取 ~/.bashrc。

在激活 conda 环境之前，我尝试显式获取 /opt/conda/etc/profile.d/conda.sh 。

#!/bin/bash
set -e

# activate the environment and start the notebook
. /opt/conda/etc/profile.d/conda.sh
conda activate nessie-py
jupyter notebook --no-browser ip=0.0.0.0

这会导致不同的错误!

$ docker-compose up
Creating network "nessie-py_default" with the default driver
Creating nessie-py_notebook-server_1 ... done
Attaching to nessie-py_notebook-server_1
notebook-server_1  | Could not find conda environment: nessie-py
notebook-server_1  | You can list all discoverable environments with `conda info --envs`.
notebook-server_1  | 
nessie-py_notebook-server_1 exited with code 1

我可以通过运行来检查容器中可以发现哪些 conda 环境

$ docker run -it nessie-py conda info --envs

这表明环境确实存在。

$ docker run -it nessie-py_notebook-server conda info --envs
# conda environments:
#
nessie-py                /home/al-khawarizmi/.conda/envs/nessie-py
base                  *  /opt/conda

此时我已经没有想法了。这应该是可能的。 Here是一个包含 docker-compose.yml 文件的项目示例，该文件是一个指定 conda 环境并启动 Jupyter Notebook 服务器的 Dockerfile。

我需要的额外复杂性包括向 Dockerfile 添加非 root 用户并创建新的 conda 环境，而不是更新默认的 base conda 环境。

Answer 1

发生的情况是:

1. 在 docker-compose.yml 中，ip=0.0.0.0 中存在拼写错误，应为 --ip=0.0。 0.0 改为

2. 将主机的文件夹绑定(bind)到容器中会覆盖 .bashrc。一个简单的更改就是安装到子目录中

3. 您需要以交互模式 (-i) 运行 bash，以便正确读取 .bashrc

例如，这些点的更改反射(reflect)在您的docker-compose.yml中:

version: "3.7"

    services:
      notebook-server:
        build:
          context: ./
        ports:
          - "8888:8888"
        volumes:
          - ./:/home/al-khawarizmi/hosthome
        command: bash -ic 'jupyter notebook --no-browser --ip=0.0.0.0'