我想用 python 将 csv 文件转换为 xml 文件。我想将 csv 文件中的相同 id 分组在一起，并将 csv 转换为 xml(请参阅所需的输出)。它比看起来有点复杂，包括缩进、循环和将 csv 分组为 xml。感谢所有帮助。
My CSV file:
id,x1,y1,z1,x2,y2,z2,c1,R
a1,1.3,2.1,3.6,4.5,5.1,6.8,B,7.3
b2,1.1,2.1,3.1,4.1,5.1,6.1,G,7.1
c1,2.1,3.1,4.1,5.1,2.1,7.1,G,8.1
a1,2.2,3.2,4.2,5.2,6.2,7.2,S,8.2
b2,4.1,5.1,2.1,7.1,8.1,9.1,S,2.5
b2,3.6,4.5,5.1,6.3,7.4,8.2,G,3.1
c2,6.1,7.1,8.1,9.1,2.1,11.1,S,3.2
c1,1.5,1.5,1.5,1.5,1.5,1.5,A,1.5
my code:
import itertools
import csv
import os
csvFile = r'C:\Users\Desktop\test XML\csvfile.csv'
xmlFile = r'C:\Users\Desktop\test XML\myData.xml'
csvData = csv.reader(open(csvFile))
xmlData = open(xmlFile, 'w')
xmlData.write('<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>' + "\n" +'<Roughness-Profiles xmlns="http://WKI/Roughness-Profiles/1">' + "\n" )
xmlData.write(' '+'<Roughness-Profile>' + "\n")
rowNum = 0
for row in csvData:
if rowNum == 0:
tags = row
# replace spaces w/ underscores in tag names
for i in range(len(tags)):
tags[i] = tags[i].replace(' ', '_')
else:
xmlData.write(' '+'<surfaces>' +"\n"+' '+'<surface>' + "\n")
for i in range (len(tags)):
xmlData.write(' ' +'<' + tags[i] + '>' \
+ row[i] + '</' + tags[i] + '>' + "\n")
xmlData.write(' '+'</surface>' + "\n" + ' '+'</surfaces>' + "\n" + ' '+'</Roughness-Profile>' + "\n")
rowNum +=1
xmlData.write('</Roughness-Profiles>' + "\n")
xmlData.close()
我的 xml 输出:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<Roughness-Profiles xmlns="http://WKI/Roughness-Profiles/1">
<Roughness-Profile>
<surfaces>
<surface>
<id>a1</id>
<x1>1.3</x1>
<y1>2.1</y1>
<z1>3.6</z1>
<x2>4.5</x2>
<y2>5.1</y2>
<z2>6.8</z2>
<c1>B</c1>
<R>7.3</R>
</surface>
</surfaces>
</Roughness-Profile>
<surfaces>
<surface>
<id>b2</id>
<x1>1.1</x1>
<y1>2.1</y1>
<z1>3.1</z1>
<x2>4.1</x2>
<y2>5.1</y2>
<z2>6.1</z2>
<c1>G</c1>
<R>7.1</R>
</surface>
</surfaces>
</Roughness-Profile>
<surfaces>
<surface>
<id>c1</id>
<x1>2.1</x1>
<y1>3.1</y1>
<z1>4.1</z1>
<x2>5.1</x2>
<y2>2.1</y2>
<z2>7.1</z2>
<c1>G</c1>
<R>8.1</R>
</surface>
</surfaces>
</Roughness-Profile>
<surfaces>
<surface>
<id>a1</id>
<x1>2.2</x1>
<y1>3.2</y1>
<z1>4.2</z1>
<x2>5.2</x2>
<y2>6.2</y2>
<z2>7.2</z2>
<c1>S</c1>
<R>8.2</R>
</surface>
</surfaces>
</Roughness-Profile>
<surfaces>
<surface>
<id>b2</id>
<x1>4.1</x1>
<y1>5.1</y1>
<z1>2.1</z1>
<x2>7.1</x2>
<y2>8.1</y2>
<z2>9.1</z2>
<c1>S</c1>
<R>2.5</R>
</surface>
</surfaces>
</Roughness-Profile>
<surfaces>
<surface>
<id>b2</id>
<x1>3.6</x1>
<y1>4.5</y1>
<z1>5.1</z1>
<x2>6.3</x2>
<y2>7.4</y2>
<z2>8.2</z2>
<c1>G</c1>
<R>3.1</R>
</surface>
</surfaces>
</Roughness-Profile>
<surfaces>
<surface>
<id>c2</id>
<x1>6.1</x1>
<y1>7.1</y1>
<z1>8.1</z1>
<x2>9.1</x2>
<y2>2.1</y2>
<z2>11.1</z2>
<c1>S</c1>
<R>3.2</R>
</surface>
</surfaces>
</Roughness-Profile>
<surfaces>
<surface>
<id>c1</id>
<x1>1.5</x1>
<y1>1.5</y1>
<z1>1.5</z1>
<x2>1.5</x2>
<y2>1.5</y2>
<z2>1.5</z2>
<c1>A</c1>
<R>1.5</R>
</surface>
</surfaces>
</Roughness-Profile>
</Roughness-Profiles>
期望的输出应该是:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<R-Profiles xmlns="http://WKI/R-Profiles/1">
<R-Profile>
<id>a1</id>
<surfaces>
<surface>
<x1>1.3</x1>
<y1>2.1</y1>
<z1>3.6</z1>
<x2>4.5</x2>
<y2>5.1</y2>
<z2>6.8</z2>
<c1>B</c1>
<R>7.3</R>
</surface>
<surface>
<x1>2.2</x1>
<y1>3.2</y1>
<z1>4.2</z1>
<x2>5.2</x2>
<y2>6.2</y2>
<z2>7.2</z2>
<c1>S</c1>
<R>8.2</R>
</surface>
</surfaces>
</R-Profile>
<R-Profile>
<id>b2</id>
<surfaces>
<surface>
<x1>1.1</x1>
<y1>2.1</y1>
<z1>3.1</z1>
<x2>4.1</x2>
<y2>5.1</y2>
<z2>6.1</z2>
<c1>G</c1>
<R>7.1</R>
</surface>
<surface>
<x1>4.1</x1>
<y1>5.1</y1>
<z1>2.1</z1>
<x2>7.1</x2>
<y2>8.1</y2>
<z2>9.1</z2>
<c1>S</c1>
<R>2.5</R>
</surface>
<surface>
<x1>3.6</x1>
<y1>4.5</y1>
<z1>5.1</z1>
<x2>6.3</x2>
<y2>7.4</y2>
<z2>8.2</z2>
<c1>G</c1>
<R>3.1</R>
</surface>
</surfaces>
</R-Profile>
<R-Profile>
<id>c1</id>
<surfaces>
<surface>
<x1>2.1</x1>
<y1>3.1</y1>
<z1>4.1</z1>
<x2>5.1</x2>
<y2>2.1</y2>
<z2>7.1</z2>
<c1>G</c1>
<R>8.1</R>
</surface>
<surface>
<x1>1.5</x1>
<y1>1.5</y1>
<z1>1.5</z1>
<x2>1.5</x2>
<y2>1.5</y2>
<z2>1.5</z2>
<c1>A</c1>
<R>1.5</R>
</surface>
</surfaces>
</R-Profile>
<R-Profile>
<id>c2</id>
<surfaces>
<surface>
<x1>6.1</x1>
<y1>7.1</y1>
<z1>8.1</z1>
<x2>9.1</x2>
<y2>2.1</y2>
<z2>11.1</z2>
<c1>S</c1>
<R>3.2</R>
</surface>
</surfaces>
</R-Profile>
</R-Profiles>
最佳答案
我会做一些与@Parfait建议非常相似的事情；使用csv.DictReader和 lxml创建 XML。
但是，这个答案缺少一些东西； surface 元素不按 id 分组。
如果我需要在转换期间对 XML 进行分组，我首先想到的是 XSLT。
一旦掌握了窍门，使用 XSLT 进行分组就很容易了；特别是 2.0 或更高。不幸的是 lxml 仅支持 XSLT 1.0。在1.0中你需要使用Muenchian Grouping .
下面是创建中间 XML 并使用 XSLT 对其进行转换的完整示例。
CSV 输入 (test.csv)
id,x1,y1,z1,x2,y2,z2,c1,R
a1,1.3,2.1,3.6,4.5,5.1,6.8,B,7.3
b2,1.1,2.1,3.1,4.1,5.1,6.1,G,7.1
c1,2.1,3.1,4.1,5.1,2.1,7.1,G,8.1
a1,2.2,3.2,4.2,5.2,6.2,7.2,S,8.2
b2,4.1,5.1,2.1,7.1,8.1,9.1,S,2.5
b2,3.6,4.5,5.1,6.3,7.4,8.2,G,3.1
c2,6.1,7.1,8.1,9.1,2.1,11.1,S,3.2
c1,1.5,1.5,1.5,1.5,1.5,1.5,A,1.5
XSLT 1.0(测试.xsl)
<xsl:stylesheet version="1.0" xmlns:xsl="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform"
xmlns:rp="http://WKI/Roughness-Profiles/1">
<xsl:output indent="yes"/>
<xsl:strip-space elements="*"/>
<xsl:key name="surface" match="rp:surface" use="rp:id"/>
<xsl:template match="@*|node()">
<xsl:copy>
<xsl:apply-templates select="@*|node()"/>
</xsl:copy>
</xsl:template>
<xsl:template match="/*">
<xsl:copy>
<xsl:apply-templates select="@*"/>
<xsl:for-each select="rp:surface[count(.|key('surface',rp:id)[1])=1]">
<xsl:element name="Roughness-Profile" namespace="http://WKI/Roughness-Profiles/1">
<xsl:copy-of select="rp:id"/>
<xsl:element name="surfaces" namespace="http://WKI/Roughness-Profiles/1">
<xsl:apply-templates select="key('surface',rp:id)"/>
</xsl:element>
</xsl:element>
</xsl:for-each>
</xsl:copy>
</xsl:template>
<xsl:template match="rp:id"/>
</xsl:stylesheet>
Python
import csv
import lxml.etree as etree
# INITIALIZING XML FILE WITH ROOT IN PROPER NAMESPACE
nsmap = {None: "http://WKI/Roughness-Profiles/1"}
root = etree.Element('Roughness-Profiles', nsmap=nsmap)
# READING CSV FILE
with open("test.csv") as f:
reader = csv.DictReader(f)
# WRITE INITIAL XML NODES
for row in reader:
surface_elem = etree.SubElement(root, "surface", nsmap=nsmap)
for elem_name, elem_value in row.items():
etree.SubElement(surface_elem, elem_name.strip(), nsmap=nsmap).text = str(elem_value)
# PARSE XSLT AND CREATE TRANSFORMER
xslt_root = etree.parse("test.xsl")
transform = etree.XSLT(xslt_root)
# TRANSFORM
# (Note the weird use of tostring/fromstring. This was used so
# namespaces in the XSLT would work the way they're supposed to.)
final_xml = transform(etree.fromstring(etree.tostring(root)))
# WRITE OUTPUT TO FILE
final_xml.write_output("test.xml")
XML 输出 (test.xml)
<?xml version="1.0"?>
<Roughness-Profiles xmlns="http://WKI/Roughness-Profiles/1">
<Roughness-Profile>
<id>a1</id>
<surfaces>
<surface>
<x1>1.3</x1>
<y1>2.1</y1>
<z1>3.6</z1>
<x2>4.5</x2>
<y2>5.1</y2>
<z2>6.8</z2>
<c1>B</c1>
<R>7.3</R>
</surface>
<surface>
<x1>2.2</x1>
<y1>3.2</y1>
<z1>4.2</z1>
<x2>5.2</x2>
<y2>6.2</y2>
<z2>7.2</z2>
<c1>S</c1>
<R>8.2</R>
</surface>
</surfaces>
</Roughness-Profile>
<Roughness-Profile>
<id>b2</id>
<surfaces>
<surface>
<x1>1.1</x1>
<y1>2.1</y1>
<z1>3.1</z1>
<x2>4.1</x2>
<y2>5.1</y2>
<z2>6.1</z2>
<c1>G</c1>
<R>7.1</R>
</surface>
<surface>
<x1>4.1</x1>
<y1>5.1</y1>
<z1>2.1</z1>
<x2>7.1</x2>
<y2>8.1</y2>
<z2>9.1</z2>
<c1>S</c1>
<R>2.5</R>
</surface>
<surface>
<x1>3.6</x1>
<y1>4.5</y1>
<z1>5.1</z1>
<x2>6.3</x2>
<y2>7.4</y2>
<z2>8.2</z2>
<c1>G</c1>
<R>3.1</R>
</surface>
</surfaces>
</Roughness-Profile>
<Roughness-Profile>
<id>c1</id>
<surfaces>
<surface>
<x1>2.1</x1>
<y1>3.1</y1>
<z1>4.1</z1>
<x2>5.1</x2>
<y2>2.1</y2>
<z2>7.1</z2>
<c1>G</c1>
<R>8.1</R>
</surface>
<surface>
<x1>1.5</x1>
<y1>1.5</y1>
<z1>1.5</z1>
<x2>1.5</x2>
<y2>1.5</y2>
<z2>1.5</z2>
<c1>A</c1>
<R>1.5</R>
</surface>
</surfaces>
</Roughness-Profile>
<Roughness-Profile>
<id>c2</id>
<surfaces>
<surface>
<x1>6.1</x1>
<y1>7.1</y1>
<z1>8.1</z1>
<x2>9.1</x2>
<y2>2.1</y2>
<z2>11.1</z2>
<c1>S</c1>
<R>3.2</R>
</surface>
</surfaces>
</Roughness-Profile>
</Roughness-Profiles>
关于python - 使用 PYTHON 将 CSV 文件转换为 XML 文件，我们在Stack Overflow上找到一个类似的问题： https://stackoverflow.com/questions/55503639/