python - 如何检查字符串是否包含多个正则表达式并捕获匹配的部分？

Question

我想要什么

我正在使用 django 表单，它需要输入密码。我需要传递多个正则表达式的输入值，这将测试是否:

• 至少有一个字符为小写
• 至少有一个字符是大写
• 至少有一个字符是数字
• 至少有一个字符是特殊字符(符号)
• 最少 8 个字符

我想知道这些条件中哪些已满足，哪些未满足。

我做了什么

def clean_password(self):
        password = self.cleaned_data.get("password")

        regexes = [
            "[a-z]",
            "[A-Z]",
            "[0-9]",
            #other regex...
        ]

        # Make a regex that matches if any of our regexes match.
        combined = "(" + ")|(".join(regexes) + ")"

        if not re.match(combined, password):
            print("Some regex matched!")
            
            # i need to pass in ValidationError those regex that haven't match
            raise forms.ValidationError('This password does not contain at least one number.')

Answer 1

虽然你可以在这里使用正则表达式，但我会坚持使用普通的Python:

from string import ascii_uppercase, ascii_lowercase, digits, punctuation
from pprint import pprint

character_classes = {'lowercase letter': ascii_lowercase,
                     'uppercase letter': ascii_uppercase,
                     'number': digits,
                     'special character': punctuation  # change this if your idea of "special" characters is different
                    }

minimum_length = 8

def check_password(password):
    long_enough = len(password) >= minimum_length
    if not long_enough:
        print(f'Your password needs to be at least {minimum_length} characters long!')
    result = [{class_name: char in char_class for class_name, char_class in character_classes.items()} for char in password]
    result_transposed = {class_name: [row[class_name] for row in result] for class_name in character_classes}
    for char_class, values in result_transposed.items():
        if not any(values):
            # Instead of a print, you should raise a ValidationError here
            print(f'Your password needs to have at least one {char_class}!')

    return result_transposed                      

check_password('12j3dSe')

输出:

Your password needs to be at least 8 characters long!
Your password needs to have at least one special character!

这允许您以更灵活的方式修改密码要求，并且万一您想说“您需要此字符类别的 X”...