python - 如何区分 matplotlib 条形图中特定的 x 条形颜色？

Question

我目前正在制作一个程序，其中一个栏是为客户提供的。我希望这个栏用不同的颜色来区分。我曾经通过迭代字典(barChartObjects)来做到这一点，当字典的键与参数(公司)匹配时，它会改变颜色。发生这种情况是因为它单独绘制了每个条并且工作完美。由于标签的格式问题，我不得不改变图表的显示方式，现在我对如何使用新函数完成之前的操作感到困惑。

def plotCompany(barChartObjects, company):
    # axis of data
    x = []
    y = []
    print("Company: " + company)
    # date for the file output name
    dateForOutput = date.today()
    # append the attributed input to the corresponding axis
    for key, value in barChartObjects.items():
        x.append(key)
        y.append(value)

    freq_series = pd.Series.from_array(y)
    # Plot the figure.
    plt.figure(figsize=(12, 8))

    # this is where I set the color for the graph, I am assuming I will need to change something here
    ax = freq_series.plot(kind='bar', color= "#36C989")

    ax.set_title("Total Shareholder Return (" + (date.today()-timedelta(days=30)).strftime("%b %d %Y") + ")")
    ax.set_xlabel("Companies")
    ax.set_ylabel("Percent Change")
    ax.set_xticklabels(x)

    plt.text(-0.25, 12, "Median: " + str(medianCalc(barChartObjects)) + "%")
    add_value_labels(ax)

    # save the file to my directory.
    plotDirectory = config.getDirectory(company)
    plt.savefig(plotDirectory, quality = 95)

    plt.show()
    return plotDirectory

以上是我的函数当前的设置方式。作为引用，下面是我之前使用的函数，它正确地对它们进行了着色，但格式很奇怪，因此我使用了这个新函数。

def graphCompany(barChartObjects, company):
    # axis of data
    x = []
    y = []
    print("Company: " + company)
    # date for the file output name
    dateForOutput = date.today()
    # append the attributed input to the corresponding axis
    for key, value in barChartObjects.items():
        x.append(key)
        y.append(value)

    i = 0

    for key, value in barChartObjects.items():
        if (key == company):
            plt.bar(x[i], y[i],width = calcWidth(barChartObjects), color = "#289EE0")
            i = i + 1
        else:
            plt.bar(x[i], y[i],width = calcWidth(barChartObjects), color = "#36C989")
            i = i + 1

    # label the bar chart
    plt.autoscale(enable=True, axis='both', tight=None)
    plt.xlabel("Companies")
    plt.ylabel("Percent Change")
    plt.title("Total Shareholder Return (" + (date.today()-timedelta(days=30)).strftime("%b %d %Y") + ")")
    plt.text(-0.70, 9.25, "Median: " + str(medianCalc(barChartObjects)) + "%")


    # add labels to see the specific percent change for each x
    for a,b in zip(x, y):
        plt.text(a, b, str("%.2f" % b + "%"))



    # save the file to my directory.
    plotDirectory = config.getDirectory(company)
    plt.savefig(plotDirectory, quality = 95)
    plt.show()
    return plotDirectory

Answer 1

这两种方法看起来都很复杂。如果我理解正确的话，您想要绘制一个分类条形图，其颜色取决于 x 轴类别。举个例子:

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

companies = ["Company A", "Company B", "Company C", "Company D"]
values = [17, 23, 12, 32]

myclient = "Company B"
colors = ["grey" if company is not myclient else "red" for company in companies]

plt.bar(companies, values, color=colors)

plt.show()