python - 如何使用 Python 从 lxml 元素获取原始文本

Question

我想从根元素获取以下内联文本字符串。

from lxml import etree

root = root = etree.fromstring(
'''<p>
    text-first
    <span>
        Child 1
    </span>
    text-middle
    <span>
        Child 2
    </span>
    text-last
</p>''')

root.text 仅返回“文本优先”，包括换行符

>>> build_text_list = etree.XPath("//text()")

>>> texts = build_text_list(root)
>>>
>>> texts
['\n    text-first\n    ', '\n        Child 1\n    ', '\n    text-middle\n    ', '\n        Child 2\n    ', '\n    text-last\n']
>>>
>>> for t in texts:
...     print t
...     print t.__dict__
...

    text-first

{'_parent': <Element p at 0x10140f638>, 'is_attribute': False, 'attrname': None, 'is_text': True, 'is_tail': False}

        Child 1

{'_parent': <Element span at 0x10140be18>, 'is_attribute': False, 'attrname': None, 'is_text': True, 'is_tail': False}

    text-middle

{'_parent': <Element span at 0x10140be18>, 'is_attribute': False, 'attrname': None, 'is_text': False, 'is_tail': True}

        Child 2

{'_parent': <Element span at 0x10140be60>, 'is_attribute': False, 'attrname': None, 'is_text': True, 'is_tail': False}

    text-last

{'_parent': <Element span at 0x10140be60>, 'is_attribute': False, 'attrname': None, 'is_text': False, 'is_tail': True}
>>>
>>> root.xpath("./p/following-sibling::text()") # following https://stackoverflow.com/a/39832753/1677041
[]

那么，如何从中获取 text-first/middle/last 部分？

Answer 1

etree 完全有能力做到这一点:

from lxml import etree

root: etree.Element = etree.fromstring(
'''<p>
    text-first
    <span>
        Child 1
    </span>
    text-middle
    <span>
        Child 2
    </span>
    text-last
</p>''')

print(
    root.text,
    root[0].tail,
    root[1].tail,
)

所有元素都是其子元素的列表，因此这里的索引指的是 2 <span>元素。任何元素的 tail 属性都包含紧接在该元素之后的文本。

它当然会包含换行符，因此您可能需要 strip() 结果:root.text.strip()