c - 不返回字符串。这个程序将 123 这样的数字转换为 "One Two Three"这样的单词，为什么最后我什么也没有得到？

Question

#include<stdio.h>
#include<string.h>

char *int_to_string( int n );

void main()
{
    int n;

    printf("Enter the number : ");
    scanf("%d",&n);

    printf("\n%d in words is : %s.\n",n,int_to_string(n));
}

char *int_to_string( int n)
{
    char str[100]="";

    if(n<10)
    {
          switch(n)
        {
            case 0: return "Zero";
            case 1: return "One";
            case 2: return "Two";
            case 3: return "Three";
            case 4: return "Four";
            case 5: return "Five";
            case 6: return "Six";
            case 7: return "Seven";
            case 8: return "Eight";
            case 9: return "Nine";
        }
    }

    else
    {
        strcat(str,int_to_string(n/10));
        strcat(str," ");

        return strcat(str,int_to_string(n%10));
    }
}

函数 int_to_string() 应返回一个字符串，其中包含与传递的单词中的数字等效的字符串。对于单位数字(即 0-9 )它工作得很好，但在上面它什么也没有给出。

Answer 1

该函数具有未定义的行为。

它返回一个指向本地数组str的指针，该数组通常在退出函数后被销毁。

考虑到最好将参数定义为 unsigned int 类型。否则该函数需要检查该数字是否不为负数。

您可以通过声明第二个参数来简化任务，该参数将指定一个以零结尾的字符数组来存储结果字符串。

或者你必须动态分配内存。

这里显示了这两种方法。

#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <stdio.h>

char * int_to_string( unsigned int n )
{
    if( n < 10 )
    {
        char *p = "";

        switch( n )
        {
        case 0: 
            p = "Zero";
            break;
        case 1: 
            p = "One";
            break;
        case 2: 
            p = "Two";
            break;
        case 3: 
            p = "Three";
            break;
        case 4: 
            p = "Four";
            break;
        case 5: 
            p = "Five";
            break;
        case 6: 
            p = "Six";
            break;
        case 7: 
            p = "Seven";
            break;
        case 8: 
            p = "Eight";
            break;
        case 9: 
            p = "Nine";
            break;
        }
        char *q = malloc( strlen( p ) + 1 );
        strcpy( q, p );
        free( p );
        return q; 
    }
    else
    {
        char *q = int_to_string( n / 10 );
        char *p = int_to_string( n % 10 );

        q = realloc( q, strlen( q ) + strlen( p ) + 2 );
        strcat( q, " " );
        return strcat( q, p );
    }
}

char * int_to_string1( unsigned int n, char *s )
{
    if( n < 10 )
    {
        char *p = "";

        switch( n )
        {
        case 0: 
            p = "Zero";
            break;
        case 1: 
            p = "One";
            break;
        case 2: 
            p = "Two";
            break;
        case 3: 
            p = "Three";
            break;
        case 4: 
            p = "Four";
            break;
        case 5: 
            p = "Five";
            break;
        case 6: 
            p = "Six";
            break;
        case 7: 
            p = "Seven";
            break;
        case 8: 
            p = "Eight";
            break;
        case 9: 
            p = "Nine";
            break;
        }

        return strcat( s, p );
    }
    else
    {
        strcat( int_to_string1( n / 10, s ), " " );

        return int_to_string1( n % 10, s );
    }
}

int main( void )
{
    unsigned int n = 1234567890;
    char *s = int_to_string( n );

    puts( s );

    free( s );

    char s1[100];
    s1[0] = '\0';

    puts( int_to_string1( n, s1 ) );
}

程序输出为

One Two Three Four Five Six Seven Eight Nine Zero
One Two Three Four Five Six Seven Eight Nine Zero