我正在运行 Windows Ultimate x64 (Core i5)，并在 Cygwin 上使用 x64 GCC 编译器。我想通过链接 GCC C 库(通过 Cygwin 安装)来创建一个简单的“Hello, world”程序。我正在使用 NASM 并尝试使用 ELF32 和 Win32 格式来执行以下代码:
;;
;; hello.asm - use the C library to output hello world
;;
; In case I wanted to use the code for Windows later
%if 0
%define main _main
%define printf _printf
%endif
global main
extern printf
; we set up our string here
section .data
formatstr: db 'hello, world!', 10, 0
section .text
main:
sub esp, 4
lea eax, [formatstr]
mov [esp], eax
call printf
add esp, 4
mov eax, 0
ret
使用 nasm -f elf32 hello.asm 或 nasm -f win32 hello.asm 以及 gcc hello.o -o hello 时>，GCC 告诉我:
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-cygwin/4.8.3/../../../../x86_64-pc-cygwin/bin/ld: i386 architecture of input file `hello.o' is incompatible with i386:x86-64 output
collect2: error: ld returned 1 exit status
我的 Google 搜索引导我为 Cygwin 安装 cygwin32 软件包，所以我已经这样做了。
当我查找如何在 32 位模式下运行 GCC 时，我添加了 m32 开关，但这会导致 ELF 和 Win32 产生更多错误输出:
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-cygwin/4.8.3/../../../../x86_64-pc-cygwin/bin/ld: skipping incompatible /usr/ lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-cygwin/4.8.3//libgcc_s.dll.a when searching for -lgcc_s
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-cygwin/4.8.3/../../../../x86_64-pc-cygwin/bin/ld: skipping incompatible /usr/ lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-cygwin/4.8.3/libgcc_s.dll.a when searching for -lgcc_s
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-cygwin/4.8.3/../../../../x86_64-pc-cygwin/bin/ld: skipping incompatible /usr/ lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-cygwin/4.8.3//libgcc_s.dll.a when searching for -lgcc_s
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-cygwin/4.8.3/../../../../x86_64-pc-cygwin/bin/ld: skipping incompatible /usr/ lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-cygwin/4.8.3/libgcc_s.dll.a when searching for -lgcc_s
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-cygwin/4.8.3/../../../../x86_64-pc-cygwin/bin/ld: cannot find -lgcc_s
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-cygwin/4.8.3/../../../../x86_64-pc-cygwin/bin/ld: skipping incompatible /usr/ lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-cygwin/4.8.3//libgcc.a when searching for -lgcc
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-cygwin/4.8.3/../../../../x86_64-pc-cygwin/bin/ld: skipping incompatible /usr/ lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-cygwin/4.8.3//libgcc.a when searching for -lgcc
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-cygwin/4.8.3/../../../../x86_64-pc-cygwin/bin/ld: skipping incompatible /usr/ lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-cygwin/4.8.3/libgcc.a when searching for -lgcc
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-cygwin/4.8.3/../../../../x86_64-pc-cygwin/bin/ld: skipping incompatible /usr/ lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-cygwin/4.8.3/libgcc.a when searching for -lgcc
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-cygwin/4.8.3/../../../../x86_64-pc-cygwin/bin/ld: skipping incompatible /usr/ lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-cygwin/4.8.3//libgcc.a when searching for -lgcc
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-cygwin/4.8.3/../../../../x86_64-pc-cygwin/bin/ld: skipping incompatible /usr/ lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-cygwin/4.8.3/libgcc.a when searching for -lgcc
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-cygwin/4.8.3/../../../../x86_64-pc-cygwin/bin/ld: cannot find -lgcc
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-cygwin/4.8.3/../../../../x86_64-pc-cygwin/bin/ld: skipping incompatible /usr/ lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-cygwin/4.8.3/../../../libcygwin.a when searching for -lcygwin
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-cygwin/4.8.3/../../../../x86_64-pc-cygwin/bin/ld: skipping incompatible /usr/ lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-cygwin/4.8.3/../../../libcygwin.a when searching for -lcygwin
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-cygwin/4.8.3/../../../../x86_64-pc-cygwin/bin/ld: skipping incompatible /usr/ lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-cygwin/4.8.3/../../../libcygwin.a when searching for -lcygwin
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-cygwin/4.8.3/../../../../x86_64-pc-cygwin/bin/ld: cannot find -lcygwin
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-cygwin/4.8.3/../../../../x86_64-pc-cygwin/bin/ld: cannot find -ladvapi32
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-cygwin/4.8.3/../../../../x86_64-pc-cygwin/bin/ld: cannot find -lshell32
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-cygwin/4.8.3/../../../../x86_64-pc-cygwin/bin/ld: cannot find -luser32
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-cygwin/4.8.3/../../../../x86_64-pc-cygwin/bin/ld: cannot find -lkernel32
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-cygwin/4.8.3/../../../../x86_64-pc-cygwin/bin/ld: skipping incompatible /usr/ lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-cygwin/4.8.3//libgcc_s.dll.a when searching for -lgcc_s
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-cygwin/4.8.3/../../../../x86_64-pc-cygwin/bin/ld: skipping incompatible /usr/ lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-cygwin/4.8.3/libgcc_s.dll.a when searching for -lgcc_s
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-cygwin/4.8.3/../../../../x86_64-pc-cygwin/bin/ld: skipping incompatible /usr/ lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-cygwin/4.8.3//libgcc_s.dll.a when searching for -lgcc_s
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-cygwin/4.8.3/../../../../x86_64-pc-cygwin/bin/ld: skipping incompatible /usr/ lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-cygwin/4.8.3/libgcc_s.dll.a when searching for -lgcc_s
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-cygwin/4.8.3/../../../../x86_64-pc-cygwin/bin/ld: cannot find -lgcc_s
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-cygwin/4.8.3/../../../../x86_64-pc-cygwin/bin/ld: skipping incompatible /usr/ lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-cygwin/4.8.3//libgcc.a when searching for -lgcc
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-cygwin/4.8.3/../../../../x86_64-pc-cygwin/bin/ld: skipping incompatible /usr/ lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-cygwin/4.8.3//libgcc.a when searching for -lgcc
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-cygwin/4.8.3/../../../../x86_64-pc-cygwin/bin/ld: skipping incompatible /usr/ lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-cygwin/4.8.3/libgcc.a when searching for -lgcc
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-cygwin/4.8.3/../../../../x86_64-pc-cygwin/bin/ld: skipping incompatible /usr/ lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-cygwin/4.8.3/libgcc.a when searching for -lgcc
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-cygwin/4.8.3/../../../../x86_64-pc-cygwin/bin/ld: skipping incompatible /usr/ lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-cygwin/4.8.3//libgcc.a when searching for -lgcc
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-cygwin/4.8.3/../../../../x86_64-pc-cygwin/bin/ld: skipping incompatible /usr/ lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-cygwin/4.8.3/libgcc.a when searching for -lgcc
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-cygwin/4.8.3/../../../../x86_64-pc-cygwin/bin/ld: cannot find -lgcc
collect2: error: ld returned 1 exit status
我对汇编器和消化 ABI 还很陌生，所以我不太确定如何继续。我觉得我错过了一些非常简单的东西，因为我已经成功链接了我过去为 C 项目编写的汇编代码。
最佳答案
感谢 Adam Rosenfield 指出了 Cygwin 邮件列表帖子，我继续尝试在考虑 x64 支持的情况下重写我的 ASM。这确实允许我使用 GCC 输出二进制文件。我应该注意到我的程序会导致段错误，但这是我对 x64 汇编器或相应调用约定不够了解的问题。
关于c - 在 x64 环境中与 GCC 和 x86 ASM 链接，我们在Stack Overflow上找到一个类似的问题： https://stackoverflow.com/questions/25439335/