在 tf.layers 模块的帮助下,我创建了一个简单的 CNN 并在 MNIST 数据库上对其进行训练。
首先我们加载数据:
import tensorflow as tf
from tensorflow.examples.tutorials.mnist import input_data
mnist = input_data.read_data_sets("/tmp/data/", one_hot=True)
然后设置一些基本参数,构建并训练模型:
learning_rate = 0.01
training_epochs = 10
batch_size = 100
x = tf.placeholder(tf.float32, [None, 784], name='InputData')
y = tf.placeholder(tf.float32, [None, 10], name='LabelData')
with tf.name_scope('Model'):
input_layer = tf.reshape(x, [-1, 28, 28, 1], name='InputReshaped')
conv1 = tf.layers.conv2d(inputs=input_layer, filters=32, kernel_size=[4, 4], padding="same", activation=tf.nn.relu)
pool1 = tf.layers.max_pooling2d(inputs=conv1, pool_size=[2, 2], strides=2)
dropout1 = tf.layers.dropout(inputs=pool1, rate=0.25)
conv2 = tf.layers.conv2d(inputs=dropout1, filters=32, kernel_size=[4, 4], padding="same", activation=tf.nn.relu)
pool2 = tf.layers.max_pooling2d(inputs=conv2, pool_size=[2, 2], strides=2)
dropout2 = tf.layers.dropout(inputs=pool2, rate=0.25)
pool2_flat = tf.reshape(dropout2, [-1, 7 * 7 * 32])
dense = tf.layers.dense(inputs=pool2_flat, units=256, activation=tf.nn.relu)
dropout3 = tf.layers.dropout(inputs=dense, rate=0.5)
pred = tf.layers.dense(inputs=dropout3, units=10)
with tf.name_scope('Loss'):
loss = tf.reduce_mean(tf.nn.softmax_cross_entropy_with_logits_v2(logits=pred, labels=y))
with tf.name_scope('SGD'):
optimizer = tf.train.GradientDescentOptimizer(learning_rate)
train_step = optimizer.minimize(loss)
with tf.name_scope('Accuracy'):
acc = tf.equal(tf.argmax(pred, 1), tf.argmax(y, 1))
acc = tf.reduce_mean(tf.cast(acc, tf.float32))
init = tf.global_variables_initializer()
with tf.Session() as sess:
sess.run(init)
for epoch in range(training_epochs):
avg_cost = 0.
avg_acc = 0.
total_batch = int(mnist.train.num_examples/batch_size)
for i in range(total_batch):
batch_xs, batch_ys = mnist.train.next_batch(batch_size)
_, c, ac = sess.run([train_step, loss, acc], feed_dict={x: batch_xs, y: batch_ys})
avg_cost += c / total_batch
avg_acc += ac / total_batch
print("Epoch: {:04}, avg_cost = {:.9f}, avg_acc = {:.4f}".format(epoch + 1, avg_cost, avg_acc ))
print("Optimization Finished!")
它工作正常,表现良好并输出以下内容:
Epoch: 0001, avg_cost = 1.032827925, avg_acc = 0.7110
Epoch: 0002, avg_cost = 0.271804677, avg_acc = 0.9180
...
Epoch: 0010, avg_cost = 0.067859485, avg_acc = 0.9790
Optimization Finished!
但是,我想在不使用 tf.layers 的情况下重写模型。因此,我将 Model
block 中的代码更改为以下代码 - 我认为它的工作方式应该与前一个代码几乎相同:
def weight_variable(shape):
initial = tf.truncated_normal(shape, stddev=0.1, mean = 0.1)
return tf.Variable(initial)
def bias_variable(shape):
initial = tf.constant(0.1, shape=shape)
return tf.Variable(initial)
with tf.name_scope('Model'):
with tf.name_scope('Input_L'):
input_tsr = tf.reshape(x, [-1, 28, 28, 1], name='InputReshaped')
with tf.name_scope('Conv1_L'):
W_conv1 = weight_variable([4, 4, 1, 32])
b_conv1 = bias_variable([32])
conv1 = tf.add(tf.nn.conv2d(input_tsr, W_conv1, strides=[1, 1, 1, 1], padding='SAME'), b_conv1)
h_conv1 = tf.nn.relu(conv1)
h_pool1 = tf.nn.max_pool(h_conv1, ksize=[1, 2, 2, 1], strides=[1, 2, 2, 1], padding='SAME')
dropout1 = tf.nn.dropout(h_pool1, 0.75)
with tf.name_scope('Conv2_L'):
W_conv2 = weight_variable([4, 4, 32, 32])
b_conv2 = bias_variable([32])
conv2 = tf.add(tf.nn.conv2d(dropout1, W_conv2, strides=[1, 1, 1, 1], padding='SAME'), b_conv2)
h_conv2 = tf.nn.relu(conv2)
h_pool2 = tf.nn.max_pool(h_conv2, ksize=[1, 2, 2, 1], strides=[1, 2, 2, 1], padding='SAME')
dropout2 = tf.nn.dropout(h_pool2, 0.75)
with tf.name_scope('Dense_L'):
W_dense = weight_variable([7 * 7 * 32, 256])
b_dense = bias_variable([256])
flat_tsr = tf.reshape(dropout2, [-1, 7 * 7 * 32])
dense = tf.add(tf.matmul(flat_tsr, W_dense), b_dense)
h_dense = tf.nn.relu(dense)
dropout3 = tf.nn.dropout(h_dense, 0.5)
with tf.name_scope('Output_L'):
W_out = weight_variable([256, 10])
b_out = bias_variable([10])
pred = tf.add(tf.matmul(dropout3, W_out), b_out)
不幸的是,它的表现非常差,无法获得高于 0.12
的准确度,我认为这意味着模型正在猜测正确的答案。
Epoch: 0001, avg_cost = 22.226242821, avg_acc = 0.1106
Epoch: 0002, avg_cost = 2.301470806, avg_acc = 0.1123
...
Epoch: 0010, avg_cost = 2.301233784, avg_acc = 0.1123
Optimization Finished!
为什么第二个模型不能正确学习?你能指出第一个模型和第二个模型之间的区别在哪里(权重和偏差初始化除外)?
最佳答案
我认为文档中没有提到这一点,但是对于 tf.layers
子模块中的层,当 None< 时,变量初始值设定项默认为
。glorot_uniform_initializer
提供了
如果您相应地替换体重定义,您应该会更接近之前的结果。
关于python - 将 CNN 从 tf.layers 重写为原始 tf 后性能不佳,我们在Stack Overflow上找到一个类似的问题: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/50912994/