java - Selenium Webdriver findelement i sendKeys() 的行为不符合预期

Question

我试图使用下面的 xpath 和 selenium webdriver 中的名称值来识别 Firefox 中的元素，但它不起作用。 This is link to the web page which I want to automate 。此页面上的所有输入字段对我来说看起来很奇怪，我不明白如何填写它们。

driver.findElement(By.name("sender-postCode")).sendKeys("02791");
driver.findElement(By.xpath(".//*[@id='stepOneForm']/div[2]/div[4]/div[1]/div[1]/div[1]/input")).sendKeys("02791");

这是我的代码:

package SalesBar;
import org.openqa.selenium.By;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement;
import org.openqa.selenium.firefox.FirefoxDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.firefox.FirefoxProfile;
import org.openqa.selenium.firefox.internal.ProfilesIni;
public class Salesbar {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
    // TODO Auto-generated method stub
    System.setProperty("webdriver.gecko.driver", "C:/Users/User/Documents/SeleniumWebDriver/geckodriver.exe");
    ProfilesIni profil = new ProfilesIni();
    FirefoxProfile myprofile = profil.getProfile("default");

    WebDriver driver;
    driver = new FirefoxDriver(myprofile);

    driver.get("https://wwwuat.dpdpickup.pl/Wycen-i-nadaj-Online");
    driver.findElement(By.xpath(".//*[@id='contentWrapper']/div/div/div[2]/div[1]/a")).click();
    Thread.sleep(3000);
    driver.findElement(By.xpath(".//*[@id='stepOneForm']/div[2]/div[3]/span[2]/label/span")).click();
    Thread.sleep(3000);
    driver.findElement(By.name("parcels-1-weight")).sendKeys("5");
    }

请告诉我 WebDriver 中是否有标准方法来查找和填充这些字段。

Answer 1

所有测试自动化工具的一个问题是页面可能尚未完成加载 DOM当自动化工具执行时。可以采用多种复杂程度来使其 100% 可靠。第一道防线是使用ExpectedConditions 。所以对于你的第一个例子，

WebDriver webDrive = ... // You have to initialize to a browser instance and navigate to your web page
By bySenderPostCode = By.name("sender-postCode");
Wait<WebDriver> wait_element = new WebDriverWait(webDriver, 40); // Wait up to 40 seconds
WebElement senderPostalCodeElement = wait_element.until(ExpectedConditions.visibilityOfElementLocated(bySenderPostCode));
senderPostalCodeElement.sendKeys("02791");

包含大量执行 JavaScript 的复杂页面可能会很痛苦。我使用我编写的例程来等待 AngularJs 完成执行，等待加载旋转器完成，最后等待页面 ReadyState 等于完成:

waitForAngularToLoad(webDriver, 40);
wait_element.until((WebDriver dr1) -> (webDriver.findElement(mySpinner).getAttribute("class").contains("ng-hide")));
waitForBrowserReadystateComplete(webDriver);

这些必须根据您必须操作的环境进行调整。等待 jQuery 完成与等待 AngularJs 不同。但我给你的应该能让你继续前进。让我知道结果如何。

编辑

我意识到告诉你我用来等待但不共享代码的例程是没有意义的。加载旋转器完全取决于实现。没有一种方法可以保证在任何地方都有效，但我为您提供了 AngularJs 实现常见的一般形式。

以下是其他内容:

public void waitForBrowserReadystateComplete(WebDriver webDriver) {
    for (int a=0; a<20; a++) {
        JavascriptExecutor javascriptExecutor = (JavascriptExecutor) webDriver;
        if (javascriptExecutor.executeScript("return document.readyState")
                .toString().equals("complete")) {
            break;
        }
        sleepResponsibly(500);
    }
}

public void sleepResponsibly(int timeMillisecond){
    try{
        Thread.sleep(timeMillisecond);
    } catch (InterruptedException ex) {
        Thread.currentThread().interrupt(); 
        throw new RuntimeException(ex);
    }
}

public boolean waitForAngularToLoad(WebDriver driver, int timeout) {
    driver.manage().timeouts().setScriptTimeout(timeout, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
    WebDriverWait wait = new WebDriverWait(driver, timeout, 500L);
    return wait.until(angularHasFinishedProcessing());
}


public static ExpectedCondition<Boolean> angularHasFinishedProcessing() {
    return new ExpectedCondition<Boolean>() {
        @Override
        public Boolean apply(WebDriver driver) {
            String hasAngularFinishedScript = "var callback = arguments[arguments.length - 1];\n" +
                    "var el = document.querySelector('html');\n" +
                    "if (!window.angular) {\n" +
                    "    callback('false')\n" +
                    "}\n" +
                    "if (angular.getTestability) {\n" +
                    "    angular.getTestability(el).whenStable(function(){callback('true')});\n" +
                    "} else {\n" +
                    "    if (!angular.element(el).injector()) {\n" +
                    "        callback('false')\n" +
                    "    }\n" +
                    "    var browser = angular.element(el).injector().get('$browser');\n" +
                    "    browser.notifyWhenNoOutstandingRequests(function(){callback('true')});\n" +
                    "}";

            JavascriptExecutor javascriptExecutor = (JavascriptExecutor) driver;
            String isProcessingFinished = javascriptExecutor.executeAsyncScript(hasAngularFinishedScript).toString();

            return Boolean.valueOf(isProcessingFinished);
        }
    };
}

请记住，只有当您的被测系统是使用 AngularJs 构建时，Angular 才有效。

编辑2查找元素

我使用 google chrome 浏览器来“查找”元素。在 chrome 下打开您的网页。右键单击显示的元素。选择检查 -> 复制 -> 复制选择器 |复制 X 路径。您也可以在 Firefox 下执行此操作。 Chrome 只是习惯的力量。

编辑3

jQuery

public boolean waitForJquery(WebDriver driver, int timeout) {
    return waitFor(driver, "return jQuery.active;", "0", timeout);
}

public boolean waitFor(WebDriver driver, final String javascriptString, final String targetString, int timeout) {
  WebDriverWait wait = new WebDriverWait(driver, timeout, 500L);

  /*
   * If you are curious about what follows see:
\  *    http://selenium.googlecode.com/git/docs/api/java/org/openqa/selenium/support/ui/ExpectedCondition.html
   * 
   * We are creating an anonymous class that inherits from ExpectedCondition and then implements interface
   * method apply(...)
   */
   ExpectedCondition<Boolean> isLoaded = new ExpectedCondition<Boolean>() {

      public Boolean apply(WebDriver driver) {
        String jsReturnedValue = "";

        try {
            jsReturnedValue = String.valueOf(((JavascriptExecutor)driver).executeScript(javascriptString));
            return (jsReturnedValue.equals(targetString));
        } catch (Exception e) {
          log.info("Looking for: " + javascriptString + ", e.message: " + e.getMessage());
          return true;  // If Javascript not found then don't wait for it
        }
      }
    }; // Terminates statement started by ExpectedCondition<Boolean> isLoaded = ...

  return wait.until(isLoaded);
}

最后，Ajax

public boolean waitForPrototypeAjax(WebDriver driver, int timeout) {
    return waitFor(driver, "return Ajax.activeRequestCount;", "0", timeout);
}