我试图在 JUnit 的测试 session 期间正确使用 Mockito,以代替对类进行 stub 。 不幸的是,网上有很多关于 Mockito 的教程,但是关于 stub 方法的教程较少,我想学习这项技术。
此测试由 Mockito 进行:
@Test
public void addWrongNewUserSpaceInUsername() throws Exception {
when(userValidator.isValidUsername(user.getUsername())).thenReturn(false);
try {
mockMvc.perform(
post("/register")
.contentType(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON)
.content(asJsonString(user)
));
} catch (Exception e) {
Assert.assertTrue(e.getCause() instanceof UsernameNotValidException);
}
}
为了澄清这些涉及的类:
1) Controller
@RestController
public class UserController {
@Autowired
RepositoryUserDB repositoryUserDB;
@Autowired
UserValidator userValidator;
@RequestMapping(value = "/register", method = RequestMethod.POST)
public User createUser(@RequestBody User user) {
if (userValidator.isValidUsername(user.getUsername())) {
if(!userValidator.isValidPassword(user.getPassword())){
throw new PasswordNotValidException();
}
if(userValidator.isValidDateOfBirth(user.getDateOfBirth()) == false){
throw new DOBNotValidException();
}
// se lo user e' gia' presente
if (repositoryUserDB.getUserByUsername(user.getUsername()) == null) {
return repositoryUserDB.createUser(user);
}
throw new UsernameAlreadyExistException();
} else throw new UsernameNotValidException();
}
}
2)repo接口(interface):
public interface RepositoryUserDB {
User getUserByUsername(String username);
User createUser(User user);
}
3) repo :
@Component
public class MemoryUserDB implements RepositoryUserDB{
Map<String, User> repo;
public MemoryUserDB() {
this.repo = new HashMap<>();
}
@Override
public User getUserByUsername(String username) {
return repo.get(username);
}
@Override
public User createUser(User user) {
repo.put(user.getUsername(),user);
return repo.get(user.getUsername());
}
}
4) validator :
@Component
public class UserValidator {
public boolean isValidUsername(String username) {
return username.matches("^[a-zA-Z0-9]+$");
}
public boolean isValidPassword(String pwd) {
if (pwd == null)
return false;
return pwd.matches("^(?=.*[a-z])(?=.*[A-Z])(?=.*\\d){4,}.+$");
}
public boolean isValidDateOfBirth(String DOB) {
return DOB.matches("^(?:(?:(?:0?[13578]|1[02])(\\/|-|\\.)31)\\1|(?:(?:0?[1,3-9]|1[0-2])(\\/|-|\\.)(?:29|30)\\2))(?:(?:1[6-9]|[2-9]\\d)?\\d{2})$|^(?:0?2(\\/|-|\\.)29\\3(?:(?:(?:1[6-9]|[2-9]\\d)?(?:0[48]|[2468][048]|[13579][26])|(?:(?:16|[2468][048]|[3579][26])00))))$|^(?:(?:0?[1-9])|(?:1[0-2]))(\\/|-|\\.)(?:0?[1-9]|1\\d|2[0-8])\\4(?:(?:1[6-9]|[2-9]\\d)?\\d{2})$");
}
}
5)ResEntityExceptionHandler
@ControllerAdvice
public class RestEntityExceptionHandler {
@ExceptionHandler(UsernameNotValidException.class)
@ResponseStatus(value = HttpStatus.FORBIDDEN, reason = "username wrong")
public void handleUsernameException() {
}
@ExceptionHandler(UsernameAlreadyExistException.class)
@ResponseStatus(value = HttpStatus.BAD_REQUEST, reason = "the username is already presents")
public void handleUsername() {
}
@ExceptionHandler(PasswordNotValidException.class)
@ResponseStatus(value = HttpStatus.FORBIDDEN, reason = "password wrong")
public void handlePasswordException() {
}
@ExceptionHandler(DOBNotValidException.class)
@ResponseStatus(value = HttpStatus.FORBIDDEN, reason = "Date Of Birth wrong")
public void handleDOBException(){
}
}
最佳答案
理论上,对于您的用例, stub 方法应该相当简单。
但是,当您依赖于使用 Spring beans 容器的 Spring Boot 测试时,设置起来确实更加困难,因为您应该找到一种方法将模拟的 bean 注入(inject)容器中以替换实际的 bean:UserValidator
。
Spring Boot测试中的Mock通常依赖Spring Boot MockBean
.
这不是一个mockito模拟,但也不是很远。
要了解与 Mockito 模拟的差异,您可以引用 to this question .
使用框架提供了许多开箱即用的功能,但也会限制您自己,因为您想绕过框架功能。
假设您没有使用 Spring Boot 进行集成测试,而是进行真正的单元测试(因此没有 Spring boot 容器),则可以通过这种方式执行。
您无需模拟 UserValidator.isValidUsername()
,而是定义 UserValidator
的自定义实现,该实现按测试中的预期对方法返回进行 stub 。
最后,Mockito 或任何模拟框架可以为您做什么。
所以这是 stub 类:
public class UserValidatorStub extends UserValidator {
private String expectedUsername;
private boolean isValidUsername;
public UserValidatorStub(String expectedUsername, boolean isValidUsername){
this.expectedUsername = expectedUsername;
this.isValidUsername = isValidUsername;
}
public boolean isValidUsername(String username) {
if (username.equals(expectedUsername)){
return isValidUsername;
}
// as fallback, it uses the default implementation but you may return false or null as alternative
return super.isValidUsername(username);
}
}
它接受一个构造函数来存储传递给 stub 方法的预期参数以及要返回的 stub 结果。
现在,这里是如何编写测试的:
@Test
public void addWrongNewUserSpaceInUsername() throws Exception {
// inject the mock in the class under test
UserController userController = new UserController(new UserValidatorStub(user.getUsername(), false));
try {
userController.createUser(user);
} catch (Exception e) {
Assert.assertTrue(e.getCause() instanceof UsernameNotValidException);
}
}
请注意,该示例依赖于 UserController
中的构造函数注入(inject)来设置依赖项。
关于java - 如何在 JUnit Test Java 中替代 Mockito 来 stub 类,我们在Stack Overflow上找到一个类似的问题: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/48231332/