python - 如何从 docker 容器中的 python 脚本连接到本地主机上的 mysql 数据库

Question

我有一个在本地主机(ubuntu 16.04)上运行的 mysql 数据库。在同一台主机上，我有一个 docker 容器，其中正在运行 python 脚本。该脚本必须连接到本地主机上的 mysqldb。正如这些帖子( post1 、 post2 )中所述，我为本地数据库设置了 bind-address=0.0.0.0 ，并找到了本地主机的 IP 地址，并在 python 脚本中使用它来连接到数据库，但没有成功。下面我展示了我的设置以及如何运行 docker 容器。 我的 python 脚本(analysis.py)如下所示:

import pandas as pd
import sqlalchemy as db

def find_max_age():
   cnx = db.create_engine('mysql+mysqlconnector://root:password@172.17.0.1:3306/datasets')
   cnx_res = db.create_engine('mysql+mysqlconnector://root:password@172.17.0.1:3306/results')
   df = pd.read_sql("select * from test_table", cnx)
   idx = df['age'].idxmax() == df.index
   df_res = df[idx]

   df_res.to_sql('max_age4', con=cnx_res, index=False)


if __name__ == '__main__':
   find_max_age()

我的 Dockerfile 如下所示:

FROM python:2.7-slim
EXPOSE 80 3306
WORKDIR /app
COPY requirements.txt /app
RUN pip install -r requirements.txt
COPY analysis.py /app
CMD python analysis.py

最后，requirements.txt 看起来像

mysql-connector-python
sqlalchemy
pandas

我按如下方式构建 Docker 镜像:

docker build -t max_age_app .

然后我使用此图像启动容器，如下所示:

docker run -d max_age_app:latest

容器以退出代码 1 退出，当我查看容器的相应日志时，我发现其中存在以下错误:

> Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "analysis.py", line 24, in <module>
    find_max_age()
  File "analysis.py", line 11, in find_max_age
    df = pd.read_sql("select * from test_table", cnx)
  File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/pandas/io/sql.py", line 397, in read_sql
    chunksize=chunksize)
  File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/pandas/io/sql.py", line 1063, in read_query
    result = self.execute(*args)
  File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/pandas/io/sql.py", line 954, in execute
    return self.connectable.execute(*args, **kwargs)
  File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/sqlalchemy/engine/base.py", line 2074, in execute
    connection = self.contextual_connect(close_with_result=True)
  File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/sqlalchemy/engine/base.py", line 2123, in contextual_connect
    self._wrap_pool_connect(self.pool.connect, None),
  File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/sqlalchemy/engine/base.py", line 2162, in _wrap_pool_connect
    e, dialect, self)
  File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/sqlalchemy/engine/base.py", line 1476, in _handle_dbapi_exception_noconnection
    exc_info
  File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/sqlalchemy/util/compat.py", line 265, in raise_from_cause
    reraise(type(exception), exception, tb=exc_tb, cause=cause)
  File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/sqlalchemy/engine/base.py", line 2158, in _wrap_pool_connect
    return fn()
  File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/sqlalchemy/pool.py", line 400, in connect
    return _ConnectionFairy._checkout(self)
  File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/sqlalchemy/pool.py", line 788, in _checkout
    fairy = _ConnectionRecord.checkout(pool)
  File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/sqlalchemy/pool.py", line 529, in checkout
    rec = pool._do_get()
  File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/sqlalchemy/pool.py", line 1193, in _do_get
    self._dec_overflow()
  File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/sqlalchemy/util/langhelpers.py", line 66, in __exit__
    compat.reraise(exc_type, exc_value, exc_tb)
  File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/sqlalchemy/pool.py", line 1190, in _do_get
    return self._create_connection()
  File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/sqlalchemy/pool.py", line 347, in _create_connection
    return _ConnectionRecord(self)
  File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/sqlalchemy/pool.py", line 474, in __init__
    self.__connect(first_connect_check=True)
  File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/sqlalchemy/pool.py", line 671, in __connect
    connection = pool._invoke_creator(self)
  File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/sqlalchemy/engine/strategies.py", line 106, in connect
    return dialect.connect(*cargs, **cparams)
  File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/sqlalchemy/engine/default.py", line 412, in connect
    return self.dbapi.connect(*cargs, **cparams)
  File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/mysql/connector/__init__.py", line 172, in connect
    return CMySQLConnection(*args, **kwargs)
  File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/mysql/connector/connection_cext.py", line 78, in __init__
    self.connect(**kwargs)
  File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/mysql/connector/abstracts.py", line 731, in connect
    self._open_connection()
  File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/mysql/connector/connection_cext.py", line 179, in _open_connection
    sqlstate=exc.sqlstate)
sqlalchemy.exc.DatabaseError: (mysql.connector.errors.DatabaseError) 2003 (HY000): Can't connect to MySQL server on '172.17.0.1' (111) (Background on this error at: http://sqlalche.me/e/4xp6)

为了确定本地主机的 IP，我使用了 ifconfig 命令，结果如下:

docker0   Link encap:Ethernet  HWaddr 02:42:a2:a6:d7:ff  
          inet addr:172.17.0.1 

enp0s3    Link encap:Ethernet  HWaddr 08:00:27:bb:7e:b5  
          inet addr:10.0.2.15 

lo        Link encap:Local Loopback  
          inet addr:127.0.0.1 

所以我尝试了 172.17.0.1 以便从容器内连接到本地数据库，但它不起作用。

启动容器时是否必须通过 -p 选项匹配容器和本地主机之间的任何端口？

如果有任何帮助，我将不胜感激。

Answer 1

您不应该EXPOSE容器上的端口3306，因为MySQL服务器正在其外部的本地主机上监听。我怀疑这是一个网络问题，因此尝试查看本地主机是否具有地址 172.17.0.1 的接口(interface)，以及是否可以从容器内部访问该地址(例如，尝试 docker exec -ti _your_container_name/bin/sh 然后尝试 ping 172.17.0.1)。您还应该检查 mysql 日志，看看是否报告了一些错误。