c# - 通过网络发送自定义结构 - SerializationException

Question

早上好，我有一个 TCP 服务器和一个 TCP 客户端。 这是服务器的代码:

public static class Server
{
    private static IPEndPoint endPoint;

    private static TcpListener tcpServer;
    private static List<Client> clients;
    private static Thread threadListen;

    private static ASCIIEncoding encoding;

    public static void Initialize(IPAddress allowedIPAddress, int port)
    {
        endPoint = new IPEndPoint(allowedIPAddress, port);

        tcpServer = new TcpListener(endPoint);
        clients = new List<Client>();
        threadListen = new Thread(new ThreadStart(Listen));

        encoding = new ASCIIEncoding();
    }

    public static void Start()
    {
        threadListen.Start();
    }

    public static byte[] PacketToArray(Packet packet)
    {
        IFormatter formatter = new BinaryFormatter();
        MemoryStream stream = new MemoryStream();

        formatter.Serialize(stream, packet);
        byte[] packetArray = stream.GetBuffer();

        stream.Close();

        return packetArray;
    }

    public static Packet ArrayToPacket(byte[] array)
    {
        IFormatter formatter = new BinaryFormatter();
        MemoryStream stream = new MemoryStream(array);

        Packet packet = new Packet();
        packet = (Packet) formatter.Deserialize(stream);

        stream.Close();

        return packet;
    }

    public static void Send(Client target, Packet packet)
    {
        byte[] packetArray = PacketToArray(packet);

        target.networkStream.Write(packetArray, 0, packetArray.Length);
        target.networkStream.Flush();
        OnSend(packet);
    }

    private static void Listen()
    {
        tcpServer.Start();

        while (true)
        {
            try
            {
                Client client = new Client();
                client.tcpClient = tcpServer.AcceptTcpClient();
                client.networkStream = client.tcpClient.GetStream();
                client.thread = new Thread(new ParameterizedThreadStart(HandleCommunication));

                clients.Add(client);
                client.thread.Start(client);
                OnJoin(client);
            }
            catch (Exception ex)
            {
                Console.WriteLine("Exception: " + ex.Message);
                break;
            }
        }
    }

    private static void HandleCommunication(object client)
    {
        Client handleClient = (Client) client;

        byte[] messageBuffer = new byte[4096];
        int bytesRead = 0;

        while (true)
        {
            bytesRead = 0;

            try
            {
                bytesRead = handleClient.networkStream.Read(messageBuffer, 0, messageBuffer.Length);
            }
            catch (Exception ex)
            {
                Console.WriteLine("Exception: " + ex.Message);
                break;
            }

            if (bytesRead == 0)
            {
                clients.Remove(handleClient);
                OnLeave(handleClient);
                break;
            }

            Packet packet = ArrayToPacket(messageBuffer);
            OnReceive(packet);
        }
    }

    private static void OnStart()
    {
        Console.WriteLine("Server started on port .");
    }

    private static void OnJoin(Client client)
    {
        Console.WriteLine("Client [ID] connected.");

        Send(client, PacketGenerator.Generate(OpCodes.opHandshake, null));
    }

    private static void OnLeave(Client client)
    {
        Console.WriteLine("Client [ID] disconnected.");
    }

    private static void OnSend(Packet packet)
    {
        Console.WriteLine("Server: " + packet.opcode.ToString() + " | " + packet.message);
    }

    private static void OnReceive(Packet packet)
    {
        Console.WriteLine("Client [ID]: " + packet.opcode.ToString() + " | " + packet.message);
    }

    public struct Client
    {

        public TcpClient tcpClient;
        public NetworkStream networkStream;
        public Thread thread;

    }

}

这是客户端的代码:

[Serializable]
public struct Packet
{

    public int opcode;
    public string message;

}

public static class Client
{

    private static IPEndPoint endPoint;

    private static TcpClient tcpClient;
    private static NetworkStream networkStream;
    private static Thread threadCommunication;

    private static ASCIIEncoding encoding;

    public static void Initialize(string ipAddress, int port)
    {
        endPoint = new IPEndPoint(IPAddress.Parse(ipAddress), port);
        tcpClient = new TcpClient();
        networkStream = null;
        threadCommunication = new Thread(new ThreadStart(HandleCommunication));

        encoding = new ASCIIEncoding();
    }

    public static void Connect()
    {
        tcpClient.Connect(endPoint);
        threadCommunication.Start();
        Console.WriteLine("Connected to server.");

        networkStream = tcpClient.GetStream();
    }

    public static byte[] PacketToArray(Packet packet)
    {
        IFormatter formatter = new BinaryFormatter();
        MemoryStream stream = new MemoryStream();

        formatter.Serialize(stream, packet);
        byte[] packetArray = stream.GetBuffer();

        stream.Close();

        return packetArray;
    }

    public static Packet ArrayToPacket(byte[] array)
    {
        IFormatter formatter = new BinaryFormatter();
        MemoryStream stream = new MemoryStream(array);

        Packet packet = new Packet();
        packet = (Packet)formatter.Deserialize(stream);

        stream.Close();

        return packet;
    }

    public static void Send(Packet packet)
    {
        byte[] packetArray = PacketToArray(packet);

        networkStream.Write(packetArray, 0, packetArray.Length);
        networkStream.Flush();
        OnSend(packet);
    }

    private static void HandleCommunication()
    {
        byte[] messageBuffer = new byte[4096];
        int bytesRead = 0;

        while (true)
        {
            bytesRead = 0;

            try
            {
                bytesRead = networkStream.Read(messageBuffer, 0, messageBuffer.Length);
            }
            catch (Exception ex)
            {
                Console.WriteLine("Exception: " + ex.Message);
                break;
            }

            if (bytesRead == 0)
            {
                Console.WriteLine("Connection closed.");
                break;
            }

            Packet packet = ArrayToPacket(messageBuffer);
            OnReceive(packet);
        }
    }

    private static void OnSend(Packet packet)
    {
        Console.WriteLine("Client [ID]: " + packet.opcode.ToString() + " | " + packet.message);
    }

    private static void OnReceive(Packet packet)
    {
        Console.WriteLine("Server: " + packet.opcode.ToString() + " | " + packet.message);

        switch (packet.opcode)
        {

            case OpCodes.opHandshake:
                Send(PacketGenerator.Generate(OpCodes.opHandshake, null));
                break;

        }
    }

}

但是当我从服务器向客户端发送数据包(握手)时，客户端在“packet = (Packet) formatter.Deserialize(stream);”处的“ArrayToPacket”函数中出现异常。 确切的消息是:找不到程序集“ComDee，Version=1.0.0.0，Culture=neutral，PublicKeyToken=null”。 (ComDee 是服务器运行的程序集)。

为什么？客户端的数据包结构与服务器端的数据包结构相同。

更新

我编辑了服务器和客户端类并使用了 protobuf-net。 但是客户端类中的“OnReceive”不会被调用。 哪里有问题？ 服务器级:

[ProtoContract]
public struct Packet
{

    [ProtoMember(1)] public int opcode;
    [ProtoMember(2)] public string message;

}

public static class Server
{

    private static IPEndPoint endPoint;

    private static TcpListener tcpServer;
    private static List<Client> clients;
    private static Thread threadListen;

    private static ASCIIEncoding encoding;

    public static void Initialize(IPAddress allowedIPAddress, int port)
    {
        endPoint = new IPEndPoint(allowedIPAddress, port);

        tcpServer = new TcpListener(endPoint);
        clients = new List<Client>();
        threadListen = new Thread(new ThreadStart(Listen));

        encoding = new ASCIIEncoding();
    }

    public static void Start()
    {
        threadListen.Start();
    }

    public static byte[] PacketToArray(Packet packet)
    {
        IFormatter formatter = new BinaryFormatter();
        MemoryStream stream = new MemoryStream();

        Serializer.Serialize<Packet>(stream, packet);
        byte[] packetArray = stream.GetBuffer();

        stream.Close();

        return packetArray;
    }

    public static Packet ArrayToPacket(byte[] array)
    {
        IFormatter formatter = new BinaryFormatter();
        MemoryStream stream = new MemoryStream(array);

        Packet packet = new Packet();
        packet = Serializer.Deserialize<Packet>(stream);

        stream.Close();

        return packet;
    }

    public static void Send(Client target, Packet packet)
    {
        byte[] packetArray = PacketToArray(packet);

        target.networkStream.Write(packetArray, 0, packetArray.Length);
        target.networkStream.Flush();
        OnSend(packet);
    }

    private static void Listen()
    {
        tcpServer.Start();
        OnStart();

        while (true)
        {
            try
            {
                Client client = new Client();
                client.tcpClient = tcpServer.AcceptTcpClient();
                client.networkStream = client.tcpClient.GetStream();
                client.thread = new Thread(new ParameterizedThreadStart(HandleCommunication));

                clients.Add(client);
                client.thread.Start(client);
                OnJoin(client);
            }
            catch (Exception ex)
            {
                Console.WriteLine("Exception: " + ex.Message);
                break;
            }
        }
    }

    private static void HandleCommunication(object client)
    {
        Client handleClient = (Client) client;

        byte[] messageBuffer = new byte[4096];
        int bytesRead = 0;

        while (true)
        {
            bytesRead = 0;

            try
            {
                bytesRead = handleClient.networkStream.Read(messageBuffer, 0, messageBuffer.Length);
            }
            catch
            {
                clients.Remove(handleClient);
                OnLeave(handleClient);
                break;
            }

            if (bytesRead == 0)
            {
                Packet packet = ArrayToPacket(messageBuffer);
                OnReceive(packet);
            }
        }
    }

    private static void OnStart()
    {
        Console.WriteLine("Server started.");
    }

    private static void OnJoin(Client client)
    {
        Console.WriteLine("Client [ID] connected.");

        Send(client, PacketGenerator.Generate(OpCodes.opHandshake, null));
    }

    private static void OnLeave(Client client)
    {
        Console.WriteLine("Client [ID] disconnected.");
    }

    private static void OnSend(Packet packet)
    {
        Console.WriteLine("Server: " + packet.opcode.ToString() + " | " + packet.message);
    }

    private static void OnReceive(Packet packet)
    {
        Console.WriteLine("Client [ID]: " + packet.opcode.ToString() + " | " + packet.message);
    }

    public struct Client
    {

        public TcpClient tcpClient;
        public NetworkStream networkStream;
        public Thread thread;

    }

}

这是客户端类:

[ProtoContract]
public struct Packet
{

    [ProtoMember(1)]
    public int opcode;
    [ProtoMember(2)]
    public string message;

}

public static class Client
{

    private static IPEndPoint endPoint;

    private static TcpClient tcpClient;
    private static NetworkStream networkStream;
    private static Thread threadCommunication;

    private static ASCIIEncoding encoding;

    public static void Initialize(string ipAddress, int port)
    {
        endPoint = new IPEndPoint(IPAddress.Parse(ipAddress), port);
        tcpClient = new TcpClient();
        networkStream = null;
        threadCommunication = new Thread(new ThreadStart(HandleCommunication));

        encoding = new ASCIIEncoding();
    }

    public static void Connect()
    {
        tcpClient.Connect(endPoint);
        threadCommunication.Start();
        Console.WriteLine("Connected to server.");

        networkStream = tcpClient.GetStream();
    }

    public static byte[] PacketToArray(Packet packet)
    {
        IFormatter formatter = new BinaryFormatter();
        MemoryStream stream = new MemoryStream();

        Serializer.Serialize<Packet>(stream, packet);
        byte[] packetArray = stream.GetBuffer();

        stream.Close();

        return packetArray;
    }

    public static Packet ArrayToPacket(byte[] array)
    {
        IFormatter formatter = new BinaryFormatter();
        MemoryStream stream = new MemoryStream(array);

        Packet packet = new Packet();
        packet = Serializer.Deserialize<Packet>(stream);

        stream.Close();

        return packet;
    }

    public static void Send(Packet packet)
    {
        byte[] packetArray = PacketToArray(packet);

        networkStream.Write(packetArray, 0, packetArray.Length);
        networkStream.Flush();
        OnSend(packet);
    }

    private static void HandleCommunication()
    {
        byte[] messageBuffer = new byte[4096];
        int bytesRead = 0;

        while (true)
        {
            bytesRead = 0;

            try
            {
                bytesRead = networkStream.Read(messageBuffer, 0, messageBuffer.Length);
            }
            catch
            {
                Console.WriteLine("Connection closed.");
                break;
            }

            if (bytesRead == 0)
            {
                Packet packet = ArrayToPacket(messageBuffer);
                OnReceive(packet);
            }
        }
    }

    private static void OnSend(Packet packet)
    {
        Console.WriteLine("Client [ID]: " + packet.opcode.ToString() + " | " + packet.message);
    }

    private static void OnReceive(Packet packet)
    {
        Console.WriteLine("Server: " + packet.opcode.ToString() + " | " + packet.message);

        switch (packet.opcode)
        {

            case OpCodes.opHandshake:
                Send(PacketGenerator.Generate(OpCodes.opHandshake, null));
                break;

        }
    }

}

Answer 1

类型由其程序集限定范围，BinaryFormatter 序列化类型元数据(程序集限定名称等)。在两个地方拥有相同类的副本是不够的:它们不是相同的类型，除非它们来自同一个程序集。

另请注意，BinaryFormatter 在网络上存储的内容非常冗长。如果您想要解决这两个问题而无需手动执行所有序列化，那么 protobuf-net 将提供帮助:

• 电线非常密集
• 它不绑定(bind)到特定类型；只要 A 和 B 看起来相似，您就可以使用 A 进行序列化并使用 B 进行反序列化

例如:

[ProtoContract]
public struct Packet {    
    [ProtoMember(1)] public int opcode;
    [ProtoMember(2)] public string message;
}

并使用Serializer.Serialize而不是BinaryFormatter。