我正在学习C#套接字编程。因此,我决定进行TCP聊天,其基本思想是:一个客户端将数据发送到服务器,然后服务器在线为所有客户端广播数据(在这种情况下,所有客户端都在字典中)。
当有1个客户端连接时,它按预期方式工作,当有多个客户端连接时,就会出现此问题。
服务器:
class Program
{
static void Main(string[] args)
{
Dictionary<int,TcpClient> list_clients = new Dictionary<int,TcpClient> ();
int count = 1;
TcpListener ServerSocket = new TcpListener(IPAddress.Any, 5000);
ServerSocket.Start();
while (true)
{
TcpClient client = ServerSocket.AcceptTcpClient();
list_clients.Add(count, client);
Console.WriteLine("Someone connected!!");
count++;
Box box = new Box(client, list_clients);
Thread t = new Thread(handle_clients);
t.Start(box);
}
}
public static void handle_clients(object o)
{
Box box = (Box)o;
Dictionary<int, TcpClient> list_connections = box.list;
while (true)
{
NetworkStream stream = box.c.GetStream();
byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
int byte_count = stream.Read(buffer, 0, buffer.Length);
byte[] formated = new Byte[byte_count];
//handle the null characteres in the byte array
Array.Copy(buffer, formated, byte_count);
string data = Encoding.ASCII.GetString(formated);
broadcast(list_connections, data);
Console.WriteLine(data);
}
}
public static void broadcast(Dictionary<int,TcpClient> conexoes, string data)
{
foreach(TcpClient c in conexoes.Values)
{
NetworkStream stream = c.GetStream();
byte[] buffer = Encoding.ASCII.GetBytes(data);
stream.Write(buffer,0, buffer.Length);
}
}
}
class Box
{
public TcpClient c;
public Dictionary<int, TcpClient> list;
public Box(TcpClient c, Dictionary<int, TcpClient> list)
{
this.c = c;
this.list = list;
}
}
我创建了此框,因此我可以为
Thread.start()
传递2个参数。客户:
class Program
{
static void Main(string[] args)
{
IPAddress ip = IPAddress.Parse("127.0.0.1");
int port = 5000;
TcpClient client = new TcpClient();
client.Connect(ip, port);
Console.WriteLine("client connected!!");
NetworkStream ns = client.GetStream();
string s;
while (true)
{
s = Console.ReadLine();
byte[] buffer = Encoding.ASCII.GetBytes(s);
ns.Write(buffer, 0, buffer.Length);
byte[] receivedBytes = new byte[1024];
int byte_count = ns.Read(receivedBytes, 0, receivedBytes.Length);
byte[] formated = new byte[byte_count];
//handle the null characteres in the byte array
Array.Copy(receivedBytes, formated, byte_count);
string data = Encoding.ASCII.GetString(formated);
Console.WriteLine(data);
}
ns.Close();
client.Close();
Console.WriteLine("disconnect from server!!");
Console.ReadKey();
}
}
最佳答案
从您的问题尚不清楚您具体遇到了什么问题。但是,检查代码揭示了两个重要问题:
这是您的代码的一个版本,解决了这两个问题:
服务器代码:
class Program
{
static readonly object _lock = new object();
static readonly Dictionary<int, TcpClient> list_clients = new Dictionary<int, TcpClient>();
static void Main(string[] args)
{
int count = 1;
TcpListener ServerSocket = new TcpListener(IPAddress.Any, 5000);
ServerSocket.Start();
while (true)
{
TcpClient client = ServerSocket.AcceptTcpClient();
lock (_lock) list_clients.Add(count, client);
Console.WriteLine("Someone connected!!");
Thread t = new Thread(handle_clients);
t.Start(count);
count++;
}
}
public static void handle_clients(object o)
{
int id = (int)o;
TcpClient client;
lock (_lock) client = list_clients[id];
while (true)
{
NetworkStream stream = client.GetStream();
byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
int byte_count = stream.Read(buffer, 0, buffer.Length);
if (byte_count == 0)
{
break;
}
string data = Encoding.ASCII.GetString(buffer, 0, byte_count);
broadcast(data);
Console.WriteLine(data);
}
lock (_lock) list_clients.Remove(id);
client.Client.Shutdown(SocketShutdown.Both);
client.Close();
}
public static void broadcast(string data)
{
byte[] buffer = Encoding.ASCII.GetBytes(data + Environment.NewLine);
lock (_lock)
{
foreach (TcpClient c in list_clients.Values)
{
NetworkStream stream = c.GetStream();
stream.Write(buffer, 0, buffer.Length);
}
}
}
}
客户代码:
class Program
{
static void Main(string[] args)
{
IPAddress ip = IPAddress.Parse("127.0.0.1");
int port = 5000;
TcpClient client = new TcpClient();
client.Connect(ip, port);
Console.WriteLine("client connected!!");
NetworkStream ns = client.GetStream();
Thread thread = new Thread(o => ReceiveData((TcpClient)o));
thread.Start(client);
string s;
while (!string.IsNullOrEmpty((s = Console.ReadLine())))
{
byte[] buffer = Encoding.ASCII.GetBytes(s);
ns.Write(buffer, 0, buffer.Length);
}
client.Client.Shutdown(SocketShutdown.Send);
thread.Join();
ns.Close();
client.Close();
Console.WriteLine("disconnect from server!!");
Console.ReadKey();
}
static void ReceiveData(TcpClient client)
{
NetworkStream ns = client.GetStream();
byte[] receivedBytes = new byte[1024];
int byte_count;
while ((byte_count = ns.Read(receivedBytes, 0, receivedBytes.Length)) > 0)
{
Console.Write(Encoding.ASCII.GetString(receivedBytes, 0, byte_count));
}
}
}
笔记:
lock
语句来确保list_clients
对象的线程进行独占访问。 Box
对象。集合本身由所有执行方法均可访问的静态字段引用,并且分配给每个客户端的int
值作为线程参数传递,因此线程可以查找适当的客户端对象。 0
的字节数完成。这是用于指示远程端点已完成发送的标准套接字信号。端点指示已使用Shutdown()
方法完成发送。要启动正常关闭,请使用“发送”原因调用Shutdown()
,指示端点已停止发送,但仍会接收。另一个端点一旦发送到第一个端点,便可以使用“both”的原因调用Shutdown()
,以指示它已完成发送和接收。 代码中仍然存在各种各样的问题。上面仅解决了最明显的问题,并将代码带到了非常基本的服务器/客户端体系结构的工作演示的合理传真中。
附录:
一些其他注释,用于解决评论中的后续问题:
Thread.Join()
(即等待该线程退出),以确保在启动正常关闭过程后,它实际上不会关闭套接字,直到远程端点通过关闭其末端进行响应为止。 o => ReceiveData((TcpClient)o)
用作ParameterizedThreadStart
委托(delegate)是一种习惯用法,我更喜欢使用thread参数的强制转换。它允许线程入口点保持强类型。但是,该代码与我通常编写的代码并不完全相同。我一直坚持使用您的原始代码,同时仍然利用这个机会来说明这一惯用法。但实际上,我将使用无参数的ThreadStart
委托(delegate)来使用构造函数重载,并让lambda表达式捕获必要的方法参数:Thread thread = new Thread(() => ReceiveData(client)); thread.Start();
然后,根本就不需要强制转换(并且如果有任何参数是值类型,则无需进行任何处理即可)任何装箱/拆箱的开销……在这种情况下通常都不是关键问题,但仍然让我感觉更好:))。 Control.Invoke()
(或WPF程序中的Dispatcher.Invoke()
)。一种更复杂(也是更好的IMHO)的方法是对I/O使用async
/await
。如果您正在使用StreamReader
接收数据,则该对象已经具有可等待的ReadLineAsync()
和类似的方法。如果直接使用Socket
,则可以使用 Task.FromAsync()
方法将BeginReceive()
和EndReceive()
方法包装在一个等待中。无论哪种方式,结果都是尽管I/O异步发生,但补全仍在UI线程中处理,您可以在其中直接访问UI对象。 (在这种方法中,您将等待代表接收代码的任务,而不是使用Thread.Join()
,以确保您不会过早关闭套接字。)关于c# - 与多个客户端的C#TCP/IP简单聊天,我们在Stack Overflow上找到一个类似的问题: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/43431196/