我对 Swift 和 Metal 还很陌生，所以如果我有很大的疏忽，请原谅。 我正在遵循 MetalKit 入门教程，并且该应用程序在连接设备的情况下使用“构建并运行”可以正常工作，但从跳板启动时，它会在启动时立即崩溃。
在启动之前附加调试器，我得到以下断点和 [UIResponder doesNotRecognizeSelector:]: 消息。这会在 Storyboard 初始化期间立即发生。
View 层次结构是
MySceneViewController: MetalViewController,MetalViewControllerDelegate
作为 Root View Controller ，在主 Storyboard中设置了下面的 mtkView。应用程序中目前没有其他内容。
同样，当直接从 Xcode 运行时，这段完全相同的代码也能正常工作，所以我不知道我在这里做错了什么。
感谢您的帮助。如果需要，我很乐意添加任何其他信息。
编辑:添加了电话日志中的调试跟踪
Incident Identifier: F48966B5-12B6-446B-8A78-86787F776564
CrashReporter Key: 308bc148d5da7a16581206abaf74f6b2a5776702
Hardware Model: iPhone12,3
Process: Test Project [6466]
Path: /private/var/containers/Bundle/Application/EDB79F8D-B974-490E-8340-DD79F37CAB8C/Test Project.app/Test Project
Identifier: com.MyName.TestProject
Version: 1 (1.0)
Code Type: ARM-64 (Native)
Role: Foreground
Parent Process: launchd [1]
Coalition: com.MyName.TestProject [2592]
Date/Time: 2019-11-25 23:05:43.1609 -0500
Launch Time: 2019-11-25 23:05:43.0752 -0500
OS Version: iPhone OS 13.2.3 (17B111)
Release Type: User
Baseband Version: 1.02.18
Report Version: 104
Exception Type: EXC_CRASH (SIGABRT)
Exception Codes: 0x0000000000000000, 0x0000000000000000
Exception Note: EXC_CORPSE_NOTIFY
Triggered by Thread: 0
Last Exception Backtrace:
0 CoreFoundation 0x1862ffab0 __exceptionPreprocess + 224
1 libobjc.A.dylib 0x186019028 objc_exception_throw + 59
2 CoreFoundation 0x1861fdf10 -[NSObject+ 200464 (NSObject) doesNotRecognizeSelector:] + 143
3 UIKitCore 0x18a414a58 -[UIResponder doesNotRecognizeSelector:] + 303
4 CoreFoundation 0x186304254 ___forwarding___ + 1327
5 CoreFoundation 0x1863063f0 _CF_forwarding_prep_0 + 95
6 Test Project 0x104914f90 0x10490c000 + 36752
7 Test Project 0x104914cc4 0x10490c000 + 36036
8 Test Project 0x104914b78 0x10490c000 + 35704
9 Foundation 0x1866a5b40 _NSSetUsingKeyValueSetter + 43
10 Foundation 0x1865e5e40 -[NSObject+ 212544 (NSKeyValueCoding) setValue:forKey:] + 315
11 UIKitCore 0x189d9a538 -[UIViewController setValue:forKey:] + 103
12 UIKitCore 0x18a073124 -[UIRuntimeOutletConnection connect] + 127
13 libobjc.A.dylib 0x186014c64 -[NSObject performSelector:] + 55
14 CoreFoundation 0x1861d34dc -[NSArray makeObjectsPerformSelector:] + 255
15 UIKitCore 0x18a070118 -[UINib instantiateWithOwner:options:] + 1971
16 UIKitCore 0x189da1538 -[UIViewController _loadViewFromNibNamed:bundle:] + 367
17 UIKitCore 0x189da1ffc -[UIViewController loadView] + 179
18 UIKitCore 0x189da22cc -[UIViewController loadViewIfRequired] + 187
19 UIKitCore 0x189da29b4 -[UIViewController view] + 31
20 UIKitCore 0x18a41dc58 -[UIWindow addRootViewControllerViewIfPossible] + 175
21 UIKitCore 0x18a41d354 -[UIWindow _updateLayerOrderingAndSetLayerHidden:actionBlock:] + 227
22 UIKitCore 0x18a41e2f0 -[UIWindow _setHidden:forced:] + 367
23 UIKitCore 0x18a42f4d4 -[UIWindow _mainQueue_makeKeyAndVisible] + 51
24 UIKitCore 0x18a3dd2f0 -[UIApplication _callInitializationDelegatesWithActions:forCanvas:payload:fromOriginatingProcess:] + 3219
25 UIKitCore 0x18a3e342c -[UIApplication _runWithMainScene:transitionContext:completion:] + 1311
26 UIKitCore 0x189b7d55c -[_UISceneLifecycleMultiplexer completeApplicationLaunchWithFBSScene:transitionContext:] + 151
27 UIKitCore 0x18a02ddb0 _UIScenePerformActionsWithLifecycleActionMask + 111
28 UIKitCore 0x189b7e094 __101-[_UISceneLifecycleMultiplexer _evalTransitionToSettings:fromSettings:forceExit:withTransitionStore:]_block_invoke + 211
29 UIKitCore 0x189b7dac4 -[_UISceneLifecycleMultiplexer _performBlock:withApplicationOfDeactivationReasons:fromReasons:] + 303
30 UIKitCore 0x189b7deb0 -[_UISceneLifecycleMultiplexer _evalTransitionToSettings:fromSettings:forceExit:withTransitionStore:] + 751
31 UIKitCore 0x189b7d734 -[_UISceneLifecycleMultiplexer uiScene:transitionedFromState:withTransitionContext:] + 339
32 UIKitCore 0x189b81ee4 __186-[_UIWindowSceneFBSSceneTransitionContextDrivenLifecycleSettingsDiffAction _performActionsForUIScene:withUpdatedFBSScene:settingsDiff:fromSettings:transitionContext:lifecycleActionType:]_block_invoke_2 + 195
33 UIKitCore 0x18a047c34 ___UISceneSettingsDiffActionPerformChangesWithTransitionContext_block_invoke + 27
34 UIKitCore 0x189f5aeec +[BSAnimationSettings+ 5996268 (UIKit) tryAnimatingWithSettings:actions:completion:] + 867
35 UIKitCore 0x18a047bec _UISceneSettingsDiffActionPerformChangesWithTransitionContext + 259
36 UIKitCore 0x189b81bfc __186-[_UIWindowSceneFBSSceneTransitionContextDrivenLifecycleSettingsDiffAction _performActionsForUIScene:withUpdatedFBSScene:settingsDiff:fromSettings:transitionContext:lifecycleActionType:]_block_invoke + 151
37 UIKitCore 0x18a047ad4 _UISceneSettingsDiffActionPerformActionsWithDelayForTransitionContext + 107
38 UIKitCore 0x189b81a58 -[_UIWindowSceneFBSSceneTransitionContextDrivenLifecycleSettingsDiffAction _performActionsForUIScene:withUpdatedFBSScene:settingsDiff:fromSettings:transitionContext:lifecycleActionType:] + 391
39 UIKitCore 0x1899e9b7c __64-[UIScene scene:didUpdateWithDiff:transitionContext:completion:]_block_invoke + 639
40 UIKitCore 0x1899e8640 -[UIScene _emitSceneSettingsUpdateResponseForCompletion:afterSceneUpdateWork:] + 255
41 UIKitCore 0x1899e98ac -[UIScene scene:didUpdateWithDiff:transitionContext:completion:] + 235
42 UIKitCore 0x18a3e17e0 -[UIApplication workspace:didCreateScene:withTransitionContext:completion:] + 563
43 UIKitCore 0x189f7cdec -[UIApplicationSceneClientAgent scene:didInitializeWithEvent:completion:] + 375
44 FrontBoardServices 0x18b4c9ec0 -[FBSSceneImpl _callOutQueue_agent_didCreateWithTransitionContext:completion:] + 451
45 FrontBoardServices 0x18b4f0b50 __86-[FBSWorkspaceScenesClient sceneID:createWithParameters:transitionContext:completion:]_block_invoke.168 + 115
46 FrontBoardServices 0x18b4d4fa4 -[FBSWorkspace _calloutQueue_executeCalloutFromSource:withBlock:] + 239
47 FrontBoardServices 0x18b4f07e4 __86-[FBSWorkspaceScenesClient sceneID:createWithParameters:transitionContext:completion:]_block_invoke + 343
48 libdispatch.dylib 0x185fa5fd8 _dispatch_client_callout + 19
49 libdispatch.dylib 0x185fa8d1c _dispatch_block_invoke_direct + 263
50 FrontBoardServices 0x18b517304 __FBSSERIALQUEUE_IS_CALLING_OUT_TO_A_BLOCK__ + 47
51 FrontBoardServices 0x18b516fb0 -[FBSSerialQueue _queue_performNextIfPossible] + 431
52 FrontBoardServices 0x18b51751c -[FBSSerialQueue _performNextFromRunLoopSource] + 31
53 CoreFoundation 0x18627b24c __CFRUNLOOP_IS_CALLING_OUT_TO_A_SOURCE0_PERFORM_FUNCTION__ + 27
54 CoreFoundation 0x18627b1a0 __CFRunLoopDoSource0 + 83
55 CoreFoundation 0x18627a90c __CFRunLoopDoSources0 + 183
56 CoreFoundation 0x1862757d8 __CFRunLoopRun + 1067
57 CoreFoundation 0x186275084 CFRunLoopRunSpecific + 479
58 GraphicsServices 0x1904c3534 GSEventRunModal + 107
59 UIKitCore 0x18a3e5670 UIApplicationMain + 1939
60 Test Project 0x104926bf8 0x10490c000 + 109560
61 libdyld.dylib 0x1860f4e18 start + 3
Thread 0 name: Dispatch queue: com.apple.main-thread
Thread 0 Crashed:
0 libsystem_kernel.dylib 0x00000001860eaefc __pthread_kill + 8
1 libsystem_pthread.dylib 0x000000018600ad10 pthread_kill + 196
2 libsystem_c.dylib 0x0000000185f9aa74 abort + 104
3 libc++abi.dylib 0x00000001860b23c8 __cxa_bad_cast + 0
4 libc++abi.dylib 0x00000001860b25c0 demangling_unexpected_handler+ 5568 () + 0
5 libobjc.A.dylib 0x0000000186019308 _objc_terminate+ 25352 () + 124
6 libc++abi.dylib 0x00000001860bf634 std::__terminate(void (*)+ 58932 ()) + 20
7 libc++abi.dylib 0x00000001860bf5c0 std::terminate+ 58816 () + 44
8 libdispatch.dylib 0x0000000185fa5fec _dispatch_client_callout + 40
9 libdispatch.dylib 0x0000000185fa8d1c _dispatch_block_invoke_direct + 264
10 FrontBoardServices 0x000000018b517304 __FBSSERIALQUEUE_IS_CALLING_OUT_TO_A_BLOCK__ + 48
11 FrontBoardServices 0x000000018b516fb0 -[FBSSerialQueue _queue_performNextIfPossible] + 432
12 FrontBoardServices 0x000000018b51751c -[FBSSerialQueue _performNextFromRunLoopSource] + 32
13 CoreFoundation 0x000000018627b24c __CFRUNLOOP_IS_CALLING_OUT_TO_A_SOURCE0_PERFORM_FUNCTION__ + 28
14 CoreFoundation 0x000000018627b1a0 __CFRunLoopDoSource0 + 84
15 CoreFoundation 0x000000018627a90c __CFRunLoopDoSources0 + 184
16 CoreFoundation 0x00000001862757d8 __CFRunLoopRun + 1068
17 CoreFoundation 0x0000000186275084 CFRunLoopRunSpecific + 480
18 GraphicsServices 0x00000001904c3534 GSEventRunModal + 108
19 UIKitCore 0x000000018a3e5670 UIApplicationMain + 1940
20 Test Project 0x0000000104926bf8 0x10490c000 + 109560
21 libdyld.dylib 0x00000001860f4e18 start + 4
Thread 1:
0 libsystem_pthread.dylib 0x0000000186011c74 start_wqthread + 0
Thread 2:
0 libsystem_pthread.dylib 0x0000000186011c74 start_wqthread + 0
Thread 3:
0 libsystem_pthread.dylib 0x0000000186011c74 start_wqthread + 0
Thread 4:
0 libsystem_pthread.dylib 0x0000000186011c74 start_wqthread + 0
Thread 5:
0 libsystem_pthread.dylib 0x0000000186011c74 start_wqthread + 0
Thread 6 name: com.apple.uikit.eventfetch-thread
Thread 6:
0 libsystem_kernel.dylib 0x00000001860c8c04 mach_msg_trap + 8
1 libsystem_kernel.dylib 0x00000001860c8020 mach_msg + 76
2 CoreFoundation 0x000000018627aaa8 __CFRunLoopServiceMachPort + 220
3 CoreFoundation 0x0000000186275940 __CFRunLoopRun + 1428
4 CoreFoundation 0x0000000186275084 CFRunLoopRunSpecific + 480
5 Foundation 0x00000001865ba3d0 -[NSRunLoop+ 33744 (NSRunLoop) runMode:beforeDate:] + 232
6 Foundation 0x00000001865ba2a8 -[NSRunLoop+ 33448 (NSRunLoop) runUntilDate:] + 92
7 UIKitCore 0x000000018a481148 -[UIEventFetcher threadMain] + 156
8 Foundation 0x00000001865b9034 -[NSThread main] + 40
9 Foundation 0x00000001866f4a8c __NSThread__start__ + 852
10 libsystem_pthread.dylib 0x0000000186009d50 _pthread_start + 128
11 libsystem_pthread.dylib 0x0000000186011c88 thread_start + 8
Thread 0 crashed with ARM Thread State (64-bit):
x0: 0x0000000000000000 x1: 0x0000000000000000 x2: 0x0000000000000000 x3: 0x0000000000000000
x4: 0x000000016b4f1f30 x5: 0x000000016b4f24e0 x6: 0x000000000000006e x7: 0x0000000000000600
x8: 0x0000000104d3d840 x9: 0x00000000ce9b2cb7 x10: 0x0000000000000002 x11: 0x0000000000000003
x12: 0x0000000000000000 x13: 0x000000000000002e x14: 0x0000000000000010 x15: 0x0000000000000000
x16: 0x0000000000000148 x17: 0x00000001c3b86f10 x18: 0x0000000000000000 x19: 0x0000000000000006
x20: 0x0000000000000407 x21: 0x0000000104d3d920 x22: 0x0000000000000000 x23: 0x0000000104d3d920
x24: 0x0000000000001c03 x25: 0x0000000000000001 x26: 0x000000016b4f2ca0 x27: 0x0000000000000000
x28: 0x000000016b4f3b10 fp: 0x000000016b4f2440 lr: 0x000000018600ad10
sp: 0x000000016b4f2420 pc: 0x00000001860eaefc cpsr: 0x40000000
esr: 0x56000080 Address size fault
最佳答案
如果应用程序是从 Springboard 启动的，则 mtkView 的类型 (UIView) 有误。要检查它，您可以在调试器中使用命令 po:
po self.mtkView
▿ Optional<MTKView>
- some : <UIView: 0x10a907450; frame = (0 0; 375 667); autoresize = W+H; layer = <CALayer: 0x2837a65a0>>
只需将 Metall 和 MetalKit 框架添加到链接框架列表中即可:
我不知道为什么 XCode 不链接基于导入的框架，但它解决了这个问题。
关于ios - 从设备运行而不是从构建和运行运行时应用程序崩溃，我们在Stack Overflow上找到一个类似的问题： https://stackoverflow.com/questions/59043406/