我正在构建一个 Python 网络服务器并需要它来呈现 HTML 元素。截至目前,该程序是通过 aj@ubuntu: ./server.py --base=home/website/html/--port=8080
实现的,然后在网络浏览器中连接到网址 http://localhost:8080/index.html
。然而,该网页上唯一显示的是 HTTP/1.1 200 OK
这很好,因为这意味着我能够连接到服务器。我现在只需要浏览器能够呈现 HTML、CSS 和相应的 Javascript 组件的内容。有什么建议么?我一直在绞尽脑汁想弄清楚如何做到这一点。
我在下面包含了我的代码:
import socket
import sys
if not sys.version_info[:2] == (3,4):
print("Error: need Python 3.4 to run program")
sys.exit(1)
else:
print("Using Python 3.4 to run program")
import argparse
def main():
parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(description='Project 1 Web Server for COMP/ECPE 177')
parser.add_argument('--version', help='Show program\'s version number and exit')
parser.add_argument('--base', action='store', help='Base directory containing website', metavar='/path/to/directory')
parser.add_argument('--port', action='store', type=int, help='Port number to listen on', metavar='####')
args = parser.parse_args()
#parser.print_help()
#print(args.port, args.base)
# Create TCP socket
try:
s = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)
s.setsockopt(socket.SOL_SOCKET, socket.SO_REUSEADDR, 1)
except socket.error as msg:
print("Error: could not create socket")
print("Description: " + str(msg))
sys.exit()
s.setsockopt(socket.SOL_SOCKET, socket.SO_REUSEADDR, 1)
# Bind to listening port
try:
host='' # Bind to all interfaces
s.bind((host,args.port))
except socket.error as msg:
print("Error: unable to bind on port %d" % args.port)
print("Description: " + str(msg))
sys.exit()
# Listen
try:
backlog=10 # Number of incoming connections that can wait
# to be accept()'ed before being turned away
s.listen(backlog)
except socket.error as msg:
print("Error: unable to listen()")
print("Description: " + str(msg))
sys.exit()
print("Listening socket bound to port %d" % args.port)
while 1:
# Accept an incoming request
try:
(client_s, client_addr) = s.accept()
# If successful, we now have TWO sockets
# (1) The original listening socket, still active
# (2) The new socket connected to the client
except socket.error as msg:
print("Error: unable to accept()")
print("Description: " + str(msg))
sys.exit()
print("Accepted incoming connection from client")
print("Client IP, Port = %s" % str(client_addr))
# Receive data
try:
buffer_size=4096
raw_bytes = client_s.recv(buffer_size)
except socket.error as msg:
print("Error: unable to recv()")
print("Description: " + str(msg))
sys.exit()
string_unicode = raw_bytes.decode('ascii')
print("Received %d bytes from client" % len(raw_bytes))
print("Message contents: %s" % string_unicode)
request = str.split(string_unicode)
#print(request)
hcmd = request[0]
filep = request[1]
protocol = request[2]
print(filep)
if filep == '/':
filep = '/index.html'
if hcmd == 'GET':
dest_file = None
try:
try:
dest_file = open(args.base + filep, 'rb')
except (OSError, IOError) as msg:
msg = 'HTTP/1.1 404 Request Not Found\r\n\r\n'
statcode = 1 #404 request not found
rb1 = bytes(msg, 'ascii')
client_s.sendall(rb1)
message_send = 'HTTP/1.1 200 OK\r\n\r\n'
statcode = 0 #200 OK
rb2 = bytes(message_send, 'ascii')
client_s.sendall(rb2)
if dest_file is not None:
datasend = dest_file.read()
client_s.sendall(datasend)
dest_file.close()
print(dest_file)
print(statcode)
except socket.error as msg:
msg2 = "Error: "
sys.exit()
else:
message_send = 'HTTP/1.1 501 Not Implemented\r\n\r\n'
statuscode = 2 #501 not implemented
rb3 = bytes(message_send, 'ascii')
client_s.sendall(rb3)
client_s.close()
#Close both sockets
try:
s.close()
except socket.error as msg:
print("Error: unable to close() socket")
print("Description: " + str(msg))
sys.exit()
print("Sockets closed, now exiting")
if __name__ == "__main__":
sys.exit(main())
最佳答案
您的服务器中是否存在“home/website/html/index.html”?我试过你的代码。访问现有文件时,它工作正常。但是为了提供不存在的文件,您的代码中存在错误。发送文件内容的代码应该在最里面的“try” block 中:
try:
dest_file = open(args.base + filep, 'rb')
#---------Should be put here-----------
message_send = 'HTTP/1.1 200 OK\r\n\r\n'
statcode = 0 #200 OK
rb2 = bytes(message_send, 'ascii')
client_s.sendall(rb2)
if dest_file is not None:
datasend = dest_file.read()
client_s.sendall(datasend)
dest_file.close()
print(dest_file)
print(statcode)
#--------------------------------------
except (OSError, IOError) as msg:
msg = 'HTTP/1.1 404 Request Not Found\r\n\r\n'
statcode = 1 #404 request not found
rb1 = bytes(msg, 'ascii')
client_s.sendall(rb1)
另外,如果不是学习用,用socket搭建web服务器实在是太低级了。你有很多额外的工作要做,例如手动编写常见的 http header 。尝试一些更高级别的库/框架,例如
- 内置 http 服务器:https://docs.python.org/3.4/library/http.server.html
- 流行的网络框架 Django:https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/dev/intro/
关于javascript - Python Web 服务器 HTML 渲染,我们在Stack Overflow上找到一个类似的问题: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/26706746/