ios - NSLayoutConstraints 出现问题并以编程方式使用自动布局时，UIViews 停留在 (0,0)

Question

我正在尝试以编程方式生成一个“分数页面”，其中每个属性的分数都有一个 UILabel 和一个 UISlider。由于没有固定数量的属性，我决定以编程方式执行此操作(而不是在 Storyboard 中)

我的想法是为每个属性创建一个 UIView，然后将一个 UILabel 和一个 UISlider 插入到 UIView 中，然后设置约束。

但是，我遇到了一个问题，即我无法正确设置约束，或者由于缺乏执行此类操作的经验而可能错过的另一个巨大错误。结果，所有 UIView 都粘在屏幕的左上角 (0,0) 并且彼此重叠。

到目前为止，这是我的代码:

func addLabels(attributesArray: [String], testResultsDictionary: [String:Double]){
    var viewsDictionary = [String:AnyObject]()
    //let numberOfAttributes = attributesArray.count //(vestigial, please ignore)
    let sliderHeight = Double(20)
    let sliderWidth = Double(UIScreen.mainScreen().bounds.size.width)*0.70 // 70% across screen
    let labelToSliderDistance = Float(10)
    let sliderToNextLabelDistance = Float(30)
    let edgeHeightConstraint = Float(UIScreen.mainScreen().bounds.size.height)*0.10 // 10% of screen height

    for attribute in attributesArray {

        let attributeView = UIView(frame: UIScreen.mainScreen().bounds)
        attributeView.backgroundColor = UIColor.blueColor()
        attributeView.translatesAutoresizingMaskIntoConstraints = false
        attributeView.frame.size = CGSize(width: Double(UIScreen.mainScreen().bounds.size.width)*0.80, height: Double(80))
        self.view.addSubview(attributeView)

        var attributeViewsDictionary = [String:AnyObject]()
        let attributeIndex = attributesArray.indexOf(attribute)! as Int

        let attributeLabel = UILabel()
        attributeLabel.translatesAutoresizingMaskIntoConstraints = false
        attributeLabel.text = attribute.stringByReplacingOccurrencesOfString("_", withString: " ")
        attributeLabel.sizeToFit()

        let attributeSlider = UISlider()
        attributeSlider.translatesAutoresizingMaskIntoConstraints = false
        attributeSlider.setThumbImage(UIImage(), forState: .Normal)
        attributeSlider.frame.size = CGSize(width: sliderWidth, height: sliderHeight)
        attributeSlider.userInteractionEnabled = false

        if let sliderValue = testResultsDictionary[attribute] {
            attributeSlider.value = Float(sliderValue)
        }
        else {
            attributeSlider.value = 0
        }

        attributeView.addSubview(attributeLabel)
        attributeView.addSubview(attributeSlider)

        //attributeView.sizeToFit()

        attributeViewsDictionary["Label"] = attributeLabel
        attributeViewsDictionary["Slider"] = attributeSlider

        viewsDictionary[attribute] = attributeView
        print(viewsDictionary)

        let control_constraint_H = NSLayoutConstraint.constraintsWithVisualFormat("H:|-[\(attribute)]", options: NSLayoutFormatOptions(rawValue: 0), metrics: nil, views: viewsDictionary)
        var control_constraint_V = [NSLayoutConstraint]()
        if attributeIndex == 0 {
            control_constraint_V = NSLayoutConstraint.constraintsWithVisualFormat("V:|-\(edgeHeightConstraint)-[\(attribute)]", options: NSLayoutFormatOptions(rawValue: 0), metrics: nil, views: viewsDictionary)
        }
        else if attributeIndex == attributesArray.indexOf(attributesArray.last!){
            control_constraint_V = NSLayoutConstraint.constraintsWithVisualFormat("V:[\(attribute)]-\(edgeHeightConstraint)-|", options: NSLayoutFormatOptions(rawValue: 0), metrics: nil, views: viewsDictionary)
        }
        else {
            control_constraint_V = NSLayoutConstraint.constraintsWithVisualFormat("V:[\(attributesArray[attributeIndex-1])]-\(sliderToNextLabelDistance)-[\(attribute)]", options: NSLayoutFormatOptions(rawValue: 0), metrics: nil, views: viewsDictionary)
        }

        self.view.addConstraints(control_constraint_H)
        self.view.addConstraints(control_constraint_V)

        let interAttributeConstraint_V = NSLayoutConstraint.constraintsWithVisualFormat("V:[Label]-\(labelToSliderDistance)-[Slider]", options: NSLayoutFormatOptions(rawValue: 0), metrics: nil, views: attributeViewsDictionary)
        //let interAttributeConstraint_H = NSLayoutConstraint.constraintsWithVisualFormat("H:[Label]-5-[Slider]", options: NSLayoutFormatOptions.AlignAllCenterX, metrics: nil, views: attributeViewsDictionary)

        attributeView.addConstraints(interAttributeConstraint_V)
        //attributeView.addConstraints(interAttributeConstraint_H)
        //attributeView.sizeToFit()
    }
}

额外说明: - attributeArray 看起来像这样:["Happiness", "Creativity", "Tendency_To_Slip"]

• 由于是原型(prototype)，代码非常困惑且不必要地太长，非常抱歉!请多多包涵!

Answer 1

问题是这些 View 没有完全定义它们的约束(值得注意的是，缺少很多垂直约束)。我还注意到您尝试设置各种 View 的 frame 的 size，但这是徒劳的，因为当您使用自动布局时，所有 frame 值将被丢弃并由自动布局过程重新计算。相反，请确保 View 维度完全由约束定义。

例如:

let spacing: CGFloat = 10

func addLabels(attributesArray: [String], testResultsDictionary: [String: Float]) {
    var previousContainer: UIView?   // rather than using the index to look up the view for the previous container, just have a variable to keep track of the previous one for you.

    for attribute in attributesArray {
        let container = UIView()
        container.backgroundColor = UIColor.lightGrayColor() // just so I can see it
        container.translatesAutoresizingMaskIntoConstraints = false
        view.addSubview(container)

        // set top anchor for container to superview if no previous container, otherwise link it to the previous container

        if previousContainer == nil {
            container.topAnchor.constraintEqualToAnchor(view.topAnchor, constant: spacing).active = true
        } else {
            container.topAnchor.constraintEqualToAnchor(previousContainer!.bottomAnchor, constant: spacing).active = true
        }
        previousContainer = container

        // set leading/trailing constraints for container to superview

        NSLayoutConstraint.activateConstraints([
            container.leadingAnchor.constraintEqualToAnchor(view.leadingAnchor, constant: spacing),
            view.trailingAnchor.constraintEqualToAnchor(container.trailingAnchor, constant: spacing),
        ])

        // create label

        let label = UILabel()
        label.translatesAutoresizingMaskIntoConstraints = false
        label.text = attribute
        container.addSubview(label)

        // create slider

        let slider = UISlider()
        slider.translatesAutoresizingMaskIntoConstraints = false
        slider.value = testResultsDictionary[attribute]!
        container.addSubview(slider)

        // constraints for label and slider

        NSLayoutConstraint.activateConstraints([
            label.topAnchor.constraintEqualToAnchor(container.topAnchor, constant: spacing),
            slider.topAnchor.constraintEqualToAnchor(label.bottomAnchor, constant: spacing),
            container.bottomAnchor.constraintEqualToAnchor(slider.bottomAnchor, constant: spacing),

            label.leadingAnchor.constraintEqualToAnchor(container.leadingAnchor, constant: spacing),
            slider.leadingAnchor.constraintEqualToAnchor(container.leadingAnchor, constant: spacing),

            container.trailingAnchor.constraintEqualToAnchor(label.trailingAnchor, constant: spacing),
            container.trailingAnchor.constraintEqualToAnchor(slider.trailingAnchor, constant: spacing)
        ])
    }
}

现在，我碰巧使用 iOS 9 语法来定义约束(它具有表现力和简洁性)，但如果您想要/需要使用 VFL，您也可以这样做。只需确保您定义了一组明确定义的等效约束(顶部、底部、前导和尾随)。另请注意，我没有对这些容器 View 的大小进行硬编码，而是让它从其 subview 的大小中推断出来，并且容器 View 将相应地调整大小。

说了这么多，我看着这个 UI，我可能倾向于用 TableView 来做这件事，这让你摆脱了必须定义所有这些约束的业务，但也优雅地处理了以下场景有太多这样的东西，你也想享受滚动行为。或者，如果我知道这些总是能够适合单个屏幕，我可能会使用 UIStackView。但是如果你想在有约束的情况下做到这一点，你可以像上面那样做。