google-chrome - Chrome 无法使用 chromedriver2.9 在 CentOS 上启动

Question

环境:chromedriver 2.9，google-chrome-stable 34，python 2.6，CentOS6.4 final x86_64

我按照 install-chrome.sh 安装 google-chrome-stable(不是 chromium) .它可以从 fedoraproject 中提取包并将这些包安装到 /opt/google/chrome/lib。我按照 link 安装 chromedriver2.9 .我可以手动运行 google-chrome 和 chromedriver 而不会出错。我通过 pip install selenium(selenium 2.41) 安装 selenium。 Selenium 安装到 /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/。以这种方式安装的 Google-chrome 似乎不允许以 root 身份打开。

当我使用非 root 用户在 python 控制台下运行代码时，如下所示:

>>> from selenium import webdriver
>>> driver = webdriver.Chrome()

它返回错误消息如下，而不是打开 chrome。

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<stdin>", line 3, in <module>
  File "/usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/selenium/webdriver/chrome/webdriver.py", line 65, in __init__
    keep_alive=True)
  File "/usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/selenium/webdriver/remote/webdriver.py", line 72, in __init__
    self.start_session(desired_capabilities, browser_profile)
  File "/usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/selenium/webdriver/remote/webdriver.py", line 115, in start_session
    'desiredCapabilities': desired_capabilities,
  File "/usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/selenium/webdriver/remote/webdriver.py", line 166, in execute
    self.error_handler.check_response(response)
  File "/usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/selenium/webdriver/remote/errorhandler.py", line 164, in check_response
    raise exception_class(message, screen, stacktrace)
selenium.common.exceptions.WebDriverException: Message: u'unknown error: Chrome failed to start: crashed\n  (Driver info: chromedriver=2.9.248304,platform=Linux 2.6.32-358.el6.x86_64 x86_64)'

我通过链接获取日志 Unknown error: Chrome failed to start: exited abnormally .该链接上没有解决方案。我应该怎么办？谢谢。

[0.987][INFO]: COMMAND InitSession {
   "desiredCapabilities": {
      "browserName": "chrome",
      "chromeOptions": {
         "args": [  ],
         "extensions": [  ]
      },
      "javascriptEnabled": true,
      "platform": "ANY",
      "version": ""
   },
   "sessionId": null
}
[0.987][INFO]: Populating Preferences file: {
   "alternate_error_pages": {
      "enabled": false
   },
   "autofill": {
      "enabled": false
   },
   "browser": {
      "check_default_browser": false
   },
   "distribution": {
      "import_bookmarks": false,
      "import_history": false,
      "import_search_engine": false,
      "make_chrome_default_for_user": false,
      "show_welcome_page": false,
      "skip_first_run_ui": true
   },
   "dns_prefetching": {
      "enabled": false
   },
   "profile": {
      "content_settings": {
         "pattern_pairs": {
            "https://*,*": {
               "media-stream": {
                  "audio": "Default",
                  "video": "Default"
               }
            }
         }
      },
      "default_content_settings": {
         "geolocation": 1,
         "mouselock": 1,
         "notifications": 1,
         "popups": 1,
         "ppapi-broker": 1
      },
      "password_manager_enabled": false
   },
   "safebrowsing": {
      "enabled": false
   },
   "search": {
      "suggest_enabled": false
   },
   "translate": {
      "enabled": false
   }
}
[0.988][INFO]: Populating Local State file: {
   "background_mode": {
      "enabled": false
   },
   "ssl": {
      "rev_checking": {
         "enabled": false
      }
   }
}
[0.988][INFO]: Launching chrome: /opt/google/chrome/google-chrome --disable-background-networking --disable-client-side-phishing-detection --disable-component-update --disable-default-apps --disable-hang-monitor --disable-prompt-on-repost --disable-sync --disable-web-resources --enable-logging --full-memory-crash-report --ignore-certificate-errors --load-extension=/tmp/.com.google.Chrome.NnyvZ9/internal --logging-level=1 --metrics-recording-only --no-first-run --password-store=basic --remote-debugging-port=12775 --safebrowsing-disable-auto-update --safebrowsing-disable-download-protection --use-mock-keychain --user-data-dir=/tmp/.com.google.Chrome.AtCYvH data:,
[0.989][DEBUG]: DevTools request: http://127.0.0.1:12775/json/version
[0.991][WARNING]: PAC support disabled because there is no system implementation
[1.034][DEBUG]: DevTools request failed
[1.084][DEBUG]: DevTools request: http://127.0.0.1:12775/json/version
[1.085][DEBUG]: DevTools request failed
[1.135][DEBUG]: DevTools request: http://127.0.0.1:12775/json/version
[1.136][DEBUG]: DevTools request failed

.....
.....

[61.022][DEBUG]: DevTools request: http://127.0.0.1:12775/json/version
[61.024][DEBUG]: DevTools request failed
[61.024][INFO]: RESPONSE InitSession unknown error: Chrome failed to start: crashed
[61.025][DEBUG]: Log type 'driver' lost 0 entries on destruction
[61.025][DEBUG]: Log type 'browser' lost 0 entries on destruction

我也对那些 DevTools 东西感到困惑。

Answer 1

你在使用 headless 吗？如果是这样，您将必须通过 pyvirtualdisplay 指定 headless 显示。

当我在没有告诉 selenium 使用视觉显示的情况下运行 selenium headless 时，我遇到了同样的错误(日志)。安装 pyvirtualdisplay 后，以下代码对我有用:

from selenium import webdriver
from pyvirtualdisplay import Display

display = Display(visible=0, size=(800, 600))
display.start()
driver = webdriver.Chrome()
driver.get("http://www.google.com")
print driver.page_source.encode('utf-8')
driver.quit()
display.stop()