Java拒绝浏览器接受的证书

Question

我在 Wildfly 9 中配置有效证书(非自签名!)时遇到问题。我在 Wildfly 中配置了 HTTPS 连接器:

            <https-listener name="https" socket-binding="https" security-realm="UndertowRealm" />

安全领域:

        <security-realm name="UndertowRealm">
          <server-identities>
            <ssl>
              <keystore path="domain.p12" relative-to="jboss.server.config.dir" keystore-password="password"
                alias="appcert"  />
            </ssl>
          </server-identities>
        </security-realm>

并使用此命令生成 keystore :

openssl pkcs12 -export -in domain.crt -inkey domain.key -out domain.p12 -name appcert -CAfile cafile.crt -caname root

现在，当我在浏览器中打开应用程序时，一切正常。浏览器将该证书识别为有效证书，而不会像在自签名证书中那样提示异常。

但是，当我尝试通过 SSLPoke.java 连接到完全相同的 URL 时，出现以下异常:

javax.net.ssl.SSLHandshakeException: sun.security.validator.ValidatorException: PKIX path building failed: sun.security.provider.certpath.SunCertPathBuilderException: unable to find valid certification path to requested target
    at sun.security.ssl.Alerts.getSSLException(Alerts.java:192)
    at sun.security.ssl.SSLSocketImpl.fatal(SSLSocketImpl.java:1949)
    at sun.security.ssl.Handshaker.fatalSE(Handshaker.java:302)
    at sun.security.ssl.Handshaker.fatalSE(Handshaker.java:296)
    at sun.security.ssl.ClientHandshaker.serverCertificate(ClientHandshaker.java:1509)
    at sun.security.ssl.ClientHandshaker.processMessage(ClientHandshaker.java:216)
    at sun.security.ssl.Handshaker.processLoop(Handshaker.java:979)
    at sun.security.ssl.Handshaker.process_record(Handshaker.java:914)
    at sun.security.ssl.SSLSocketImpl.readRecord(SSLSocketImpl.java:1062)
    at sun.security.ssl.SSLSocketImpl.performInitialHandshake(SSLSocketImpl.java:1375)
    at sun.security.ssl.SSLSocketImpl.writeRecord(SSLSocketImpl.java:747)
    at sun.security.ssl.AppOutputStream.write(AppOutputStream.java:123)
    at sun.security.ssl.AppOutputStream.write(AppOutputStream.java:138)
    at SSLPoke.main(SSLPoke.java:26)
Caused by: sun.security.validator.ValidatorException: PKIX path building failed: sun.security.provider.certpath.SunCertPathBuilderException: unable to find valid certification path to requested target
    at sun.security.validator.PKIXValidator.doBuild(PKIXValidator.java:387)
    at sun.security.validator.PKIXValidator.engineValidate(PKIXValidator.java:292)
    at sun.security.validator.Validator.validate(Validator.java:260)
    at sun.security.ssl.X509TrustManagerImpl.validate(X509TrustManagerImpl.java:324)
    at sun.security.ssl.X509TrustManagerImpl.checkTrusted(X509TrustManagerImpl.java:229)
    at sun.security.ssl.X509TrustManagerImpl.checkServerTrusted(X509TrustManagerImpl.java:124)
    at sun.security.ssl.ClientHandshaker.serverCertificate(ClientHandshaker.java:1491)
    ... 9 more
Caused by: sun.security.provider.certpath.SunCertPathBuilderException: unable to find valid certification path to requested target
    at sun.security.provider.certpath.SunCertPathBuilder.build(SunCertPathBuilder.java:141)
    at sun.security.provider.certpath.SunCertPathBuilder.engineBuild(SunCertPathBuilder.java:126)
    at java.security.cert.CertPathBuilder.build(CertPathBuilder.java:280)
    at sun.security.validator.PKIXValidator.doBuild(PKIXValidator.java:382)
    ... 15 more

如果我在客户端导入证书，这个错误就会消失，但我认为我不应该这样做，因为这是一个有效的证书。

测试代码如下:

import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.OutputStream;

import javax.net.ssl.SSLSocket;
import javax.net.ssl.SSLSocketFactory;

/** Establish a SSL connection to a host and port, writes a byte and
 * prints the response. See
 * http://confluence.atlassian.com/display/JIRA/Connecting+to+SSL+services
 */
public class SSLPoke {
    public static void main(String[] args) {

                if (args.length != 2) {
                        System.out.println("Usage: "+SSLPoke.class.getName()+"  ");
                        System.exit(1);
                }
                try {
                        SSLSocketFactory sslsocketfactory = (SSLSocketFactory) SSLSocketFactory.getDefault();
                        SSLSocket sslsocket = (SSLSocket) sslsocketfactory.createSocket(args[0], Integer.parseInt(args[1]));

                        InputStream in = sslsocket.getInputStream();
                        OutputStream out = sslsocket.getOutputStream();

                        // Write a test byte to get a reaction :)
                        out.write(1);

                        while (in.available() > 0) {
                                System.out.print(in.read());
                        }
                        System.out.println("Successfully connected");

                } catch (Exception exception) {
                        exception.printStackTrace();
                }
        }
}

为什么会这样，设置 SSL 证书的正确方法是什么？

Answer 1

这里的问题是 Java 默认带有一组非常有限的根 CA 证书。与典型的浏览器相比，它“接受”的 CA 数量要少得多。解决这个问题最简单的方法是从 Chrome 或 Firefox 等浏览器中导出一组 CA 证书，然后使用 keytool 将它们导入到 Java 的 keystore 中。 .