python - 如何在 python 的不同终端窗口中运行函数/线程？

Question

我有这样一个程序:

from threading import Thread
def foo1(arg):
    print("foo1 >>> Something")
    input("foo1 >>> Enter Something")
    ...

def foo2(arg):
    print("foo2 >>> Something")
    input("foo2 >>> Enter Something")
    ...

def main():
    th1 = Thread(target= foo1)
    th1.start()

    th2 = Thread(target= foo2)
    th2.start()

该程序在同一个终端窗口中运行两个函数(foo1 和 foo2)。我能以某种方式在不同的终端窗口中运行它们吗？我不希望重新运行该程序。原因是它们在同一时间、同一地点打印和接受输入。我不想。有什么方法吗？

Answer 1

你试图完成的事情只用线程是不可能的，当你创建一个新的 Thread 时，它会与你程序中的其他线程共享所有变量，包括 sys.stdout/系统标准输入。

通常您不必担心 python 程序中的 PIPES，因为它会为您处理。 print 将文本发送到 sys.stdout 并且 input 从 sys.stdin 抓取文本(并发送错误消息到 sys.stderr)

因此在两个终端窗口中运行一个程序将意味着您将不得不拥有多个输入/输出流，对此有两种解决方案:

1. 像其他人描述的那样用 subprocess.Popen 运行一个完全独立的程序，并找出如何在两者之间架起信息的桥梁，这真的很痛苦。

或 2. 使用 tkinter 之类的东西创建您自己的终端窗口，这从头开始很难，但幸运的是 IDLE 拥有标准库中的大部分可用代码。

这里是 idlelib.PyShell 的 PyShell 的改编版本，用于运行线程而不是交互式解释:

from idlelib import PyShell,EditorWindow
import threading,sys
try:
    import tkinter as tk #python 3.X
except ImportError:
    import Tkinter as tk #python 2
    import tkMessageBox as messagebox
    tk.messagebox = messagebox

class ThreadShell(PyShell.PyShell):
    """mostly copied from idlelib.PyShell module but adapted to work with threads"""
    #__adapted_by__ = "Tadhg McDonald-Jensen"
    def __init__(self, tk_root,target=None):
        #not sure exactly what the FileList object is for but it is required by the shell
        flist = PyShell.PyShellFileList(tk_root)
        super(ThreadShell,self).__init__(flist)

        #internal event flag for input, allows thread waiting for input to wait until a tk event handles it
        self.__input_flag = threading.Event()
        #target is stored and called in .run_command() which also deals with finishing the shell
        self.target = target
        self.thread = threading.Thread(target=self.run_command)
        #tk_root.after makes the .start method call when the program starts (after 0 miliseconds)
        tk_root.after(0,self.start)

    def start(self):
        """starts executing the Thread"""
        super(ThreadShell,self).beginexecuting()
        try:
            self.thread.start()
        except RuntimeError:
            self.executing = 0
            self.canceled = 0
            #self.top.quit() #this causes double deletion warnings with better Implementation of mainloop

    beginexecuting = start

    def run_command(self):
        """calls target from constructor with self as argument then cleans up shell"""
        if self.target:
            self.target(self)
        self.prompt_exit()
        self.executing = 0
        self.canceled = 0
        try:
            self.text.after(1,self.close)
        except RuntimeError:
            pass #tkinter has issues with changing threads so often after closing one shell others will throw this error

    def printf(self,*stuff,**kw):
        """works just like python 3.x print function but writes to shell's .stdout file"""
        if self.executing:
##            if USING_OLD_METHOD:       #Pretty sure this would do exact same thing
##                kw.setdefault("file",self.stdout)
##                print(*stuff,**kw), self.resetoutput()
##                return
            sep = kw.get("sep"," ")
            end = kw.get("end","\n")
            text = sep.join(stuff) + end
            self.stdout.write(text)
            self.resetoutput()

    def input(self,prompt="",timeout=None):
        """python 2 equivelent to raw_input or py 3+ input
Prompts user for input and freezes thread until input is given
Will return "" if .executing is False or it timed out from optional timeout argument"""
        if self.executing or self.closing:
            if prompt:
                self.stdout.write(prompt)
            self.__in_buffer = ""
            self.__input_flag.clear()
            self.reading=True
            self.__input_flag.wait(timeout)
            #input is inserted into .__in_buffer by other events
            #then set __input_flag so that it can be delivered to thread
            self.reading = False
            return self.__in_buffer.strip("\n")
        else:
            raise RuntimeError("cannot take input after finished")

    def prompt_exit(self):
        """writes press enter to quit" to the console colour then waits for input"""
        self.executing = False
        self.closing = True
        self.console.write("\n press enter to quit")
        self.input()

    def join_thread(self,timeout=None):
        """sets .executing label to False then waits to join thead,
returns True if thread finished or False if timeout activated"""
        self.executing = False
        self.closing = True
        if self.thread:
            self.thread.join(timeout)
        return not self.thread.is_alive()

    def _close(self):
        "Extend EditorWindow._close(), joins thread to close it"

        # Restore std streams
        sys.stdout = self.save_stdout
        sys.stderr = self.save_stderr
        sys.stdin = self.save_stdin
        # Break cycles
        self.interp = None
        self.console = None
        self.flist.pyshell = None
        self.history = None
        EditorWindow.EditorWindow._close(self)
        self.join_thread()

    def stop_readline(self):
        self.__in_buffer = ""
        self.__input_flag.set()

    def update_in(self):
        """updates input from user, I think some of the labels are probably unnecessary but it is easier to leave it alone"""
        line = self.text.get("iomark", "end-1c")
        if len(line) == 0:  # may be EOF if we quit our mainloop with Ctrl-C
            line = "\n"
        self.resetoutput()
        if self.canceled:
            self.canceled = 0
        if self.endoffile:
            self.endoffile = 0
            line = ""
        self.__in_buffer = line
        self.__input_flag.set()

    def cancel_callback(self, event=None):
        try:
            if self.text.compare("sel.first", "!=", "sel.last"):
                return # Active selection -- always use default binding
        except:
            pass
        if not (self.executing or self.reading):
            return "break"
        self.endoffile = 0
        self.canceled = 1
        if self.reading:
            self.update_in()
        return "break"

    def eof_callback(self, event):
        if self.executing and not self.reading:
            return # Let the default binding (delete next char) take over
        if not (self.text.compare("iomark", "==", "insert") and
                self.text.compare("insert", "==", "end-1c")):
            return # Let the default binding (delete next char) take over
        if not self.executing:
            self.resetoutput()
            self.close()
        else:
            self.canceled = 0
            self.endoffile = 1
            self.update_in()
        return "break"

    def enter_callback(self, event):
        """called when the enter/return key is pressed,
only the recursive self.top.mainloop() / self.top.quit() had to be changed for support"""
        # it is very long to copy/paste for the one line change, so I override the method temporarily
        save = self.top.quit
        self.top.quit = self.update_in
        super(ThreadShell,self).enter_callback(event)
        self.top.quit = save


#stupid module depends on this being set from the main function, so it needs to be done manually
PyShell.use_subprocess = True

#this defines the root tkinter window and sets it up
root = tk.Tk()
EditorWindow.fixwordbreaks(root)
root.withdraw()
#I need this to work on my mac, not sure if there are other OS specific stuff that should be included
try:
    from idlelib import macosxSupport
    macosxSupport.setupApp(root, None)
except (ImportError,AttributeError):
    pass





##!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! And This Is The Part You Need To Worry About !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!##


switch = threading.Event()
switch.clear()

def foo(shell):
    global x
    x = shell.input("enter a message: ")
    switch.set()
    shell.printf("message sent")

def foo2(shell):
    shell.printf("waiting for message...")
    while shell.executing and not switch.is_set():
        switch.wait(2)   # by using shell.executing in the loop it will occasionally check
                         # if the program should quit because the window was closed
    if shell.executing:
        shell.printf("message recieved: ",x)

shell1 = ThreadShell(root,foo)
shell2 = ThreadShell(root,foo2)
first_time = True
while shell1.executing or shell2.executing or first_time:
    first_time = False
    root.mainloop()
root.destroy()