python - Matplotlib 时间线

Question

我正在寻找一个带有一堆时间轴的 python DataFrame，并将它们绘制在一个图中。 DataFrame 索引是时间戳，并且有一个特定的列，我们称之为“序列”，其中包含像“A”和“B”这样的字符串。所以 DataFrame 看起来像这样:

+--------------------------+---+
| 2014-07-01 00:01:00.0000 | A |
+--------------------------+---+
| 2014-07-01 00:02:00.0000 | B |
+--------------------------+---+
| 2014-07-01 00:04:00.0000 | A |
+--------------------------+---+
| 2014-07-01 00:08:00.0000 | A |
+--------------------------+---+
| 2014-07-01 00:08:00.0000 | B |
+--------------------------+---+
| 2014-07-01 00:10:00.0000 | B |
+--------------------------+---+
| 2014-07-01 00:11:00.0000 | B |
+--------------------------+---+

我正在寻找这样的情节:

B |  *     * **
A | *  *   *
  +------------
    Timestamp

Answer 1

我会使用字典将每个类别映射到一个 y 值。

import random
import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import pandas

categories = list('ABCD')

# map categories to y-values
cat_dict = dict(zip(categories, range(1, len(categories)+1)))

# map y-values to categories
val_dict = dict(zip(range(1, len(categories)+1), categories))

# setup the dataframe
dates = pandas.DatetimeIndex(freq='20T', start='2012-05-05 13:00', end='2012-05-05 18:59')
values = [random.choice(categories) for _ in range(len(dates))]
df = pandas.DataFrame(data=values, index=dates, columns=['category'])

# determing the y-values from categories
df['plotval'] = df['category'].apply(cat_dict.get)

# make the plot
fig, ax = plt.subplots()
df['plotval'].plot(ax=ax, style='ks')
ax.margins(0.2)

# format y-ticks look up the categories
ax.yaxis.set_major_formatter(plt.FuncFormatter(lambda x, pos: val_dict.get(x)))

然后我得到:

请注意，由于您可能已经有了数据框，因此可以像这样构建 cat_dict 和 val_dict:

# map categories to y-values
cat_dict = dict(zip(pandas.unique(df['category']), range(1, len(categories)+1)))

# map y-values to categories
val_dict = dict(zip(range(1, len(categories)+1), pandas.unique(df['category'])))