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What is the difference between @staticmethod and @classmethod in Python?
我有几个关于类中静态方法的问题。我将从举个例子开始。
例子一:
class Static:
def __init__(self, first, last):
self.first = first
self.last = last
self.age = randint(0, 50)
def printName(self):
return self.first + self.last
@staticmethod
def printInfo():
return "Hello %s, your age is %s" % (self.first + self.last, self.age)
x = Static("Ephexeve", "M").printInfo()
输出:
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "/home/ephexeve/Workspace/Tests/classestest.py", line 90, in <module>
x = Static("Ephexeve", "M").printInfo()
File "/home/ephexeve/Workspace/Tests/classestest.py", line 88, in printInfo
return "Hello %s, your age is %s" % (self.first + self.last, self.age)
NameError: global name 'self' is not defined
例子二:
class Static:
def __init__(self, first, last):
self.first = first
self.last = last
self.age = randint(0, 50)
def printName(self):
return self.first + self.last
@staticmethod
def printInfo(first, last, age = randint(0, 50)):
print "Hello %s, your age is %s" % (first + last, age)
return
x = Static("Ephexeve", "M")
x.printInfo("Ephexeve", " M") # Looks the same, but the function is different.
输出
Hello Ephexeve M, your age is 18
我看到我不能在静态方法中调用任何 self.attribute,我只是不确定何时以及为何使用它。在我看来,如果你创建一个带有一些属性的类,也许你想稍后使用它们,而不是有一个所有属性都不可调用的静态方法。 任何人都可以向我解释这个吗? Python 是我的第一个编程语言,所以如果这在 Java 中也是一样的,我不知道。