java - JButton 在 setEnabled(true) 后不会立即获得焦点

Question

我正在尝试制作一个直观的用户界面，用户可以在其中将数值输入到 JTextFields 中, 按 TAB 键前进，最后激活按钮开始处理输入。

一开始按钮是禁用的，只有当所有数据都输入到文本字段中时才应该启用它。

我正在使用 javax.swing.InputVerifier限制仅输入小数点后 4 位的正数，这很好用。

有 3 个可聚焦对象、两个文本字段和按钮。在文本字段中键入(有效)数字后按 TAB 键，如果所有文本字段包含有效输入，则启用该按钮。这也很好用。

问题是:
当第一个文本字段已包含有效数据并按下 TAB 时，在第二个文本字段中键入有效数据后，按钮没有获得应有的焦点。相反，焦点将转移到一行中的下一个可聚焦对象(再次)是第一个文本字段。

我尝试使用两种不同的方法:

1. 按钮的 enabled属性通过 FocusListener 更改内部覆盖 focusLost()方法
2. 按钮的 enabled覆盖内的属性已更改 shouldYieldFocus()方法

在这两种情况下，焦点都会在启用按钮后立即跳过按钮。但是，如果我们随后使用 TAB 和 SHIFT+TAB 键继续更改焦点，按钮将获得焦点正如它应该的那样 - 就在第二个文本字段之后。

在我看来是opposite组件在启用按钮之前已预先确定，因此按钮即使在启用后也不会获得焦点。

我什至尝试使用 requestFocusInWindow() 强制按钮获得焦点启用按钮后，但那也不起作用，所以问题是如何强制 LayoutFocusTraversalPolicy 重新评估布局，以便它可以立即考虑到之前被禁用的新引入的按钮？

这是我尝试过的两种方法的代码:

1. 按钮的 enabled属性通过 FocusListener 更改里面focusLost()方法:

package verifiertest;

import java.awt.EventQueue;

import javax.swing.JFrame;
import javax.swing.JPanel;
import java.awt.BorderLayout;
import java.awt.Dimension;

import javax.swing.border.EmptyBorder;
import javax.swing.border.TitledBorder;
import javax.swing.text.JTextComponent;
import javax.swing.UIManager;
import java.awt.GridLayout;
import java.awt.Toolkit;
import java.math.BigDecimal;

import javax.swing.JLabel;
import javax.swing.JOptionPane;
import javax.swing.SwingConstants;
import javax.swing.JTextField;
import javax.swing.InputVerifier;
import javax.swing.JButton;
import javax.swing.JComponent;

import java.awt.FlowLayout;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;
import java.awt.event.FocusEvent;
import java.awt.event.FocusListener;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;

public class TestVerifier implements FocusListener {

    private JFrame frmInputverifierTest;
    private JTextField tfFirstNum;
    private JTextField tfSecondNum;
    private JLabel lblStatus;
    private JButton btnStart;
    private String statusText = "Input the numbers and press the \"Start!\" button...";

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        EventQueue.invokeLater(new Runnable() {
            @Override
            public void run() {
                try {
                    TestVerifier window = new TestVerifier();
                    window.frmInputverifierTest.setVisible(true);
                } catch (Exception e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
        });
    }

    public TestVerifier() {
        initialize();
    }

    private void initialize() {
        frmInputverifierTest = new JFrame();
        frmInputverifierTest.setTitle("InputVerifier Test");
        frmInputverifierTest.setBounds(100, 100, 500, 450);
        frmInputverifierTest.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
        // center the window
        Dimension dim = Toolkit.getDefaultToolkit().getScreenSize();
        frmInputverifierTest.setLocation(dim.width/2 - frmInputverifierTest.getWidth()/2, dim.height/2 - frmInputverifierTest.getHeight()/2);

        JPanel panelContainer = new JPanel();
        panelContainer.setBorder(new EmptyBorder(5, 5, 5, 5));
        frmInputverifierTest.getContentPane().add(panelContainer, BorderLayout.CENTER);
        panelContainer.setLayout(new BorderLayout(0, 0));

        JPanel panelInput = new JPanel();
        panelInput.setBorder(new TitledBorder(null, "Input", TitledBorder.LEADING, TitledBorder.TOP, null, null));
        panelContainer.add(panelInput, BorderLayout.NORTH);
        panelInput.setLayout(new GridLayout(2, 2, 10, 4));

        JLabel lblFirstNum = new JLabel("Number #1:");
        lblFirstNum.setHorizontalAlignment(SwingConstants.TRAILING);
        panelInput.add(lblFirstNum);

        tfFirstNum = new JTextField();
        panelInput.add(tfFirstNum);
        tfFirstNum.setColumns(10);
        // setup the verifier
        MyTxtVerifier txtVerifier = new MyTxtVerifier();
        tfFirstNum.setInputVerifier(txtVerifier);
        // add focus listener
        tfFirstNum.addFocusListener(this);

        JLabel lblSecondNum = new JLabel("Number #2:");
        lblSecondNum.setHorizontalAlignment(SwingConstants.TRAILING);
        panelInput.add(lblSecondNum);

        tfSecondNum = new JTextField();
        panelInput.add(tfSecondNum);
        tfSecondNum.setColumns(10);
        // setup the verifier
        tfSecondNum.setInputVerifier(txtVerifier);
        // add focus listener
        tfSecondNum.addFocusListener(this);

        JPanel panelOutput = new JPanel();
        panelOutput.setBorder(new TitledBorder(UIManager.getBorder("TitledBorder.border"), "Output (not used at the moment)", TitledBorder.LEADING, TitledBorder.TOP, null, null));
        panelContainer.add(panelOutput, BorderLayout.CENTER);

        JPanel panelSouth = new JPanel();
        panelSouth.setBorder(null);
        panelContainer.add(panelSouth, BorderLayout.SOUTH);
        panelSouth.setLayout(new GridLayout(0, 1, 0, 0));

        JPanel panelStatus = new JPanel();
        FlowLayout flowLayout_1 = (FlowLayout) panelStatus.getLayout();
        flowLayout_1.setAlignment(FlowLayout.LEFT);
        panelStatus.setBorder(new TitledBorder(null, "Status", TitledBorder.LEADING, TitledBorder.TOP, null, null));
        panelSouth.add(panelStatus);

        lblStatus = new JLabel(statusText);
        panelStatus.add(lblStatus);

        JPanel panelActions = new JPanel();
        panelActions.setBorder(new TitledBorder(null, "Actions", TitledBorder.LEADING, TitledBorder.TOP, null, null));
        FlowLayout flowLayout = (FlowLayout) panelActions.getLayout();
        flowLayout.setAlignment(FlowLayout.RIGHT);
        panelSouth.add(panelActions);

        btnStart = new JButton("Start!");
        btnStart.setEnabled(false);
        btnStart.setVerifyInputWhenFocusTarget(true);
        btnStart.addActionListener(new ActionListener() {
            @Override
            public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
                JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(frmInputverifierTest, "Start button pressed...", "Start", JOptionPane.PLAIN_MESSAGE);
            }
        });
        panelActions.add(btnStart);
    }

    // an inner class so it can access parent fields
    public class MyTxtVerifier extends InputVerifier {
        // This method should have no side effects
        @Override
        public boolean verify(JComponent input) {
            String text = ((JTextField)input).getText();
            // to allow changing focus when nothing is entered
            if(text.isEmpty())
                return true;
            try {
                BigDecimal value = new BigDecimal(text);
                if(value.floatValue() <= 0.0)
                    return false;
                return (value.scale() <= 4);
            } catch (Exception e) {
                return false;
            }
        }

        // This method can have side effects
        @Override
        public boolean shouldYieldFocus(JComponent input) {
            String statusOld, status;

            statusOld = statusText;         // remember the original text
            boolean isOK = verify(input);   // call overridden method
            if(isOK)
                status = statusOld;
            else {
                btnStart.setEnabled(false);
                status = "Error: The parameter should be a positive number up to 4 decimal places";
            }
            lblStatus.setText(status);
            // return super.shouldYieldFocus(input);
            return isOK;
        }
    }

    @Override
    public void focusGained(FocusEvent e) {
        // nothing to do on focus gained
    }

    @Override
    public void focusLost(FocusEvent e) {
        // in case we want to show a message box inside focusLost() - not to be fired twice
        if(e.isTemporary())
            return;
        final JTextComponent c = (JTextComponent)e.getSource();
        // in case there are more text fields but
        // we are validating only some of them
        if(c.equals(tfFirstNum) || c.equals(tfSecondNum)) {
            // are all text fields valid?
            if(c.getInputVerifier().verify(tfFirstNum) && c.getInputVerifier().verify(tfSecondNum) &&
                    !tfFirstNum.getText().isEmpty() && !tfSecondNum.getText().isEmpty())
                btnStart.setEnabled(true);
            else
                btnStart.setEnabled(false);
        }
    }
}

1. 按钮的 enabled覆盖内的属性已更改 shouldYieldFocus()方法:

package verifiertest;

import java.awt.EventQueue;

import javax.swing.JFrame;
import javax.swing.JPanel;
import java.awt.BorderLayout;
import java.awt.Dimension;

import javax.swing.border.EmptyBorder;
import javax.swing.border.TitledBorder;
import javax.swing.UIManager;
import java.awt.GridLayout;
import java.awt.Toolkit;
import java.math.BigDecimal;

import javax.swing.JLabel;
import javax.swing.JOptionPane;
import javax.swing.SwingConstants;
import javax.swing.JTextField;
import javax.swing.InputVerifier;
import javax.swing.JButton;
import javax.swing.JComponent;

import java.awt.FlowLayout;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;

public class TestVerifier {

    private JFrame frmInputverifierTest;
    private JTextField tfFirstNum;
    private JTextField tfSecondNum;
    private JLabel lblStatus;
    private JButton btnStart;
    private String statusText = "Input the numbers and press the \"Start!\" button...";

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        EventQueue.invokeLater(new Runnable() {
            @Override
            public void run() {
                try {
                    TestVerifier window = new TestVerifier();
                    window.frmInputverifierTest.setVisible(true);
                } catch (Exception e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
        });
    }

    public TestVerifier() {
        initialize();
    }

    private void initialize() {
        frmInputverifierTest = new JFrame();
        frmInputverifierTest.setTitle("InputVerifier Test");
        frmInputverifierTest.setBounds(100, 100, 500, 450);
        frmInputverifierTest.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
        // center the window
        Dimension dim = Toolkit.getDefaultToolkit().getScreenSize();
        frmInputverifierTest.setLocation(dim.width/2 - frmInputverifierTest.getWidth()/2, dim.height/2 - frmInputverifierTest.getHeight()/2);

        JPanel panelContainer = new JPanel();
        panelContainer.setBorder(new EmptyBorder(5, 5, 5, 5));
        frmInputverifierTest.getContentPane().add(panelContainer, BorderLayout.CENTER);
        panelContainer.setLayout(new BorderLayout(0, 0));

        JPanel panelInput = new JPanel();
        panelInput.setBorder(new TitledBorder(null, "Input", TitledBorder.LEADING, TitledBorder.TOP, null, null));
        panelContainer.add(panelInput, BorderLayout.NORTH);
        panelInput.setLayout(new GridLayout(2, 2, 10, 4));

        JLabel lblFirstNum = new JLabel("Number #1:");
        lblFirstNum.setHorizontalAlignment(SwingConstants.TRAILING);
        panelInput.add(lblFirstNum);

        tfFirstNum = new JTextField();
        panelInput.add(tfFirstNum);
        tfFirstNum.setColumns(10);
        // setup the verifier
        MyTxtVerifier txtVerifier = new MyTxtVerifier();
        tfFirstNum.setInputVerifier(txtVerifier);

        JLabel lblSecondNum = new JLabel("Number #2:");
        lblSecondNum.setHorizontalAlignment(SwingConstants.TRAILING);
        panelInput.add(lblSecondNum);

        tfSecondNum = new JTextField();
        panelInput.add(tfSecondNum);
        tfSecondNum.setColumns(10);
        // setup the verifier
        tfSecondNum.setInputVerifier(txtVerifier);

        JPanel panelOutput = new JPanel();
        panelOutput.setBorder(new TitledBorder(UIManager.getBorder("TitledBorder.border"), "Output (not used at the moment)", TitledBorder.LEADING, TitledBorder.TOP, null, null));
        panelContainer.add(panelOutput, BorderLayout.CENTER);

        JPanel panelSouth = new JPanel();
        panelSouth.setBorder(null);
        panelContainer.add(panelSouth, BorderLayout.SOUTH);
        panelSouth.setLayout(new GridLayout(0, 1, 0, 0));

        JPanel panelStatus = new JPanel();
        FlowLayout flowLayout_1 = (FlowLayout) panelStatus.getLayout();
        flowLayout_1.setAlignment(FlowLayout.LEFT);
        panelStatus.setBorder(new TitledBorder(null, "Status", TitledBorder.LEADING, TitledBorder.TOP, null, null));
        panelSouth.add(panelStatus);

        lblStatus = new JLabel(statusText);
        panelStatus.add(lblStatus);

        JPanel panelActions = new JPanel();
        panelActions.setBorder(new TitledBorder(null, "Actions", TitledBorder.LEADING, TitledBorder.TOP, null, null));
        FlowLayout flowLayout = (FlowLayout) panelActions.getLayout();
        flowLayout.setAlignment(FlowLayout.RIGHT);
        panelSouth.add(panelActions);

        btnStart = new JButton("Start!");
        btnStart.setEnabled(false);
        btnStart.setVerifyInputWhenFocusTarget(true);
        btnStart.addActionListener(new ActionListener() {
            @Override
            public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
                JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(frmInputverifierTest, "Start button pressed...", "Start", JOptionPane.PLAIN_MESSAGE);
            }
        });
        panelActions.add(btnStart);
    }

    // an inner class so it can access parent fields
    public class MyTxtVerifier extends InputVerifier {
        // This method should have no side effects
        @Override
        public boolean verify(JComponent input) {
            String text = ((JTextField)input).getText();
            // to allow changing focus when nothing is entered
            if(text.isEmpty())
                return true;
            try {
                BigDecimal value = new BigDecimal(text);
                if(value.floatValue() <= 0.0)
                    return false;
                return (value.scale() <= 4);
            } catch (Exception e) {
                return false;
            }
        }

        // This method can have side effects
        @Override
        public boolean shouldYieldFocus(JComponent input) {
            String statusOld, status;

            statusOld = statusText;         // remember the original text
            boolean isOK = verify(input);   // call overridden method
            if(isOK)
                status = statusOld;
            else {
                status = "Error: The parameter should be a positive number up to 4 decimal places";
            }
            lblStatus.setText(status);
            setBtnState(input);             // enable or disable the button
            //btnStart.requestFocusInWindow();  //  <-- does not help
            // return super.shouldYieldFocus(input);
            return isOK;
        }
    }

    private void setBtnState(JComponent input) {
        if (input.equals(tfFirstNum) || input.equals(tfSecondNum)) {
            // are all text fields valid?
            if (input.getInputVerifier().verify(tfFirstNum) && input.getInputVerifier().verify(tfSecondNum)
                    && !tfFirstNum.getText().isEmpty() && !tfSecondNum.getText().isEmpty())
                btnStart.setEnabled(true);
            else
                btnStart.setEnabled(false);
        }
    }
}

这是测试应用程序的屏幕截图:

注意:
该代码与the question I asked before中包含的代码相关，这是另一个话题。

编辑:
在尝试接受答案的作者提出的建议(使用 invokeLater() 运行 requestFocusInWindow() )后，这里是可以作为概念证明的代码:

@Override
public void focusLost(FocusEvent e) {
    // in case we want to show a message box inside focusLost() - not to be fired twice
    if(e.isTemporary())
        return;
    final JTextComponent c = (JTextComponent)e.getSource();
    // in case there are more text fields but
    // we are validating only some of them
    if(c.equals(tfFirstNum) || c.equals(tfSecondNum)) {
        // are all text fields valid?
        if(c.getInputVerifier().verify(tfFirstNum) && c.getInputVerifier().verify(tfSecondNum) &&
                !tfFirstNum.getText().isEmpty() && !tfSecondNum.getText().isEmpty())
            btnStart.setEnabled(true);
        else
            btnStart.setEnabled(false);
    }
    if (btnStart.isEnabled() && e.getOppositeComponent()==tfFirstNum) {
        EventQueue.invokeLater(new Runnable() {
            @Override
            public void run() {
                btnStart.requestFocusInWindow();
            }
        });
    }
}

这只是变化的focusLost()与 approach #01 有关的方法.我不知道是否有类似的解决方案可用于 approach #02 - 因为我不知道是否可以引用 opposite从 shouldYieldFocus() 里面当没有 FocusListener 时.

注意:
使用此解决方案时，可以清楚地观察到在输入第二个数字并按下 TAB 按钮后，焦点首先(暂时)跳转到第一个文本字段，然后才移动到按钮.

Answer 1

我建议您不要使用 InputVerifier，而是使用 DocumentListener。

使用 DocumentListener 的好处是可以在输入每个字符时编辑文本字段，因此用户可以立即得到反馈。然后，只要您输入第一个数字，就可以启用该按钮(如果它通过了您的编辑标准)。

由于按钮现在将在用户尝试输入 Tab 键之前​​启用，因此您不会遇到任何焦点问题。

这是一个让您入门的基本示例:

import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.*;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import javax.swing.*;
import javax.swing.event.*;

public class DataEntered implements DocumentListener
{
    private JButton button;
    private List<JTextField> textFields = new ArrayList<JTextField>();

    public DataEntered(JButton button)
    {
        this.button = button;
    }

    public void addTextField(JTextField textField)
    {
        textFields.add( textField );
        textField.getDocument().addDocumentListener( this );
    }

    public boolean isDataEntered()
    {
        for (JTextField textField : textFields)
        {
            if (textField.getText().trim().length() == 0)
                return false;
        }

        return true;
    }

    @Override
    public void insertUpdate(DocumentEvent e)
    {
        checkData();
    }

    @Override
    public void removeUpdate(DocumentEvent e)
    {
        checkData();
    }

    @Override
    public void changedUpdate(DocumentEvent e) {}

    private void checkData()
    {
        button.setEnabled( isDataEntered() );
    }

    private static void createAndShowUI()
    {
        JButton submit = new JButton( "Submit" );
        submit.setEnabled( false );

        JTextField textField1 = new JTextField(10);
        JTextField textField2 = new JTextField(10);

        DataEntered de = new DataEntered( submit );
        de.addTextField( textField1 );
        de.addTextField( textField2 );

        JFrame frame = new JFrame("SSCCE");
        frame.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
        frame.add(textField1, BorderLayout.WEST);
        frame.add(textField2, BorderLayout.EAST);
        frame.add(submit, BorderLayout.SOUTH);
        frame.pack();
        frame.setLocationByPlatform( true );
        frame.setVisible( true );
    }

    public static void main(String[] args)
    {
        EventQueue.invokeLater(new Runnable()
        {
            public void run()
            {
                createAndShowUI();
            }
        });
    }
}

只要输入任何文本，基本代码就会启用该按钮。您需要修改 dataEntered() 方法以应用您的编辑条件。

编辑:

我不知道如何使用 API 来做你想做的事。以下是一个可能的黑客攻击。

据我了解，您会在两种情况下遇到问题:

1. 当焦点位于表单的最后一个字段并且您使用 Tab 键时
2. 当焦点位于表单的第一个字段并且您使用 Shift-Tab 时

所以也许您可以做的是创建带有两个参数的 InputVerifier，第一个和最后一个组件。然后当你使用 FocusListener 和

1. 当前焦点在第一个组件上，相反的组件是最后一个
2. 当前焦点在最后一个组件，相反的组件在第一个

您知道您正在环绕表单。在这两种情况下，您希望将焦点放在“保存”按钮上，因此您需要手动请求将焦点放在“保存”按钮上。所以你可以通过使用来做到这一点:

saveButton.requestFocusInWindow();

请注意，焦点仍然会先转到对面的组件，然后再转到按钮。您可能还需要将该代码包装在 SwingUtilities.invokeLater() 中。