我的应用程序在 android kitkat 设备上运行良好，但是当我在 marshmallow 上尝试它时，我无法接收蓝牙数据(也许我也没有连接到蓝牙设备？我不确定)。这并不是我想念请求权限，几天前我什至无法扫描设备时已经修复了这个问题，您可以在这里查看:Bluetooth LE can't find any device on android 6.0
第一个 Activity 是我请求许可并扫描可用的蓝牙设备，当我选择我希望它移动的设备以接收“聊天” Activity 中的数据时(我尝试在所有 Activity 中请求许可但没有结果...)，其中的重要部分如下:
private final ServiceConnection mServiceConnection = new ServiceConnection() {
@Override
public void onServiceConnected(ComponentName componentName,
IBinder service) {
mBluetoothLeService = ((RBLService.LocalBinder) service)
.getService();
if (!mBluetoothLeService.initialize()) {
Log.e(TAG, "Unable to initialize Bluetooth");
finish();
}
// Automatically connects to the device upon successful start-up
// initialization.
tv.setText("Bluetooth initialized");
mBluetoothLeService.connect(mDeviceAddress);
}
@Override
public void onServiceDisconnected(ComponentName componentName) {
mBluetoothLeService = null;
}
};
private final BroadcastReceiver mGattUpdateReceiver = new BroadcastReceiver() {
@Override
public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
final String action = intent.getAction();
if (RBLService.ACTION_GATT_DISCONNECTED.equals(action)) {
} else if (RBLService.ACTION_GATT_SERVICES_DISCOVERED
.equals(action)) {
tv.setText("Data are ready to be sent");
getGattService(mBluetoothLeService.getSupportedGattService());
} else if (RBLService.ACTION_DATA_AVAILABLE.equals(action)) {
displayData(intent.getByteArrayExtra(RBLService.EXTRA_DATA));
}
}
};
因此，在 android api 23 及更高版本上，我一直坚持到短信“蓝牙已初始化”，但随后什么也没有发生。如果我使用 android kitkat 设备，它会正确地跟随“数据已准备好发送”消息，最后调用 displayData 函数来完成主要工作...
为了帮助您，我还发布了 RBLService.java 代码:
package com.redbear.chat;
import java.util.UUID;
import android.app.Service;
import android.bluetooth.BluetoothAdapter;
import android.bluetooth.BluetoothDevice;
import android.bluetooth.BluetoothGatt;
import android.bluetooth.BluetoothGattCallback;
import android.bluetooth.BluetoothGattCharacteristic;
import android.bluetooth.BluetoothGattDescriptor;
import android.bluetooth.BluetoothGattService;
import android.bluetooth.BluetoothManager;
import android.bluetooth.BluetoothProfile;
import android.content.Context;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.os.Binder;
import android.os.IBinder;
import android.util.Log;
/**
* Service for managing connection and data communication with a GATT server
* hosted on a given Bluetooth LE device.
*/
public class RBLService extends Service {
private final static String TAG = RBLService.class.getSimpleName();
private BluetoothManager mBluetoothManager;
private BluetoothAdapter mBluetoothAdapter;
private String mBluetoothDeviceAddress;
private BluetoothGatt mBluetoothGatt;
public final static String ACTION_GATT_CONNECTED = "ACTION_GATT_CONNECTED";
public final static String ACTION_GATT_DISCONNECTED = "ACTION_GATT_DISCONNECTED";
public final static String ACTION_GATT_SERVICES_DISCOVERED = "ACTION_GATT_SERVICES_DISCOVERED";
public final static String ACTION_GATT_RSSI = "ACTION_GATT_RSSI";
public final static String ACTION_DATA_AVAILABLE = "ACTION_DATA_AVAILABLE";
public final static String EXTRA_DATA = "EXTRA_DATA";
public final static UUID UUID_BLE_SHIELD_TX = UUID
.fromString(RBLGattAttributes.BLE_SHIELD_TX);
public final static UUID UUID_BLE_SHIELD_RX = UUID
.fromString(RBLGattAttributes.BLE_SHIELD_RX);
public final static UUID UUID_BLE_SHIELD_SERVICE = UUID
.fromString(RBLGattAttributes.BLE_SHIELD_SERVICE);
private final BluetoothGattCallback mGattCallback = new BluetoothGattCallback() {
@Override
public void onConnectionStateChange(BluetoothGatt gatt, int status,
int newState) {
String intentAction;
if (newState == BluetoothProfile.STATE_CONNECTED) {
intentAction = ACTION_GATT_CONNECTED;
broadcastUpdate(intentAction);
Log.i(TAG, "Connected to GATT server.");
// Attempts to discover services after successful connection.
Log.i(TAG, "Attempting to start service discovery:"
+ mBluetoothGatt.discoverServices());
} else if (newState == BluetoothProfile.STATE_DISCONNECTED) {
intentAction = ACTION_GATT_DISCONNECTED;
Log.i(TAG, "Disconnected from GATT server.");
broadcastUpdate(intentAction);
}
}
public void onReadRemoteRssi(BluetoothGatt gatt, int rssi, int status) {
if (status == BluetoothGatt.GATT_SUCCESS) {
broadcastUpdate(ACTION_GATT_RSSI, rssi);
} else {
Log.w(TAG, "onReadRemoteRssi received: " + status);
}
}
;
@Override
public void onServicesDiscovered(BluetoothGatt gatt, int status) {
if (status == BluetoothGatt.GATT_SUCCESS) {
broadcastUpdate(ACTION_GATT_SERVICES_DISCOVERED);
} else {
Log.w(TAG, "onServicesDiscovered received: " + status);
}
}
@Override
public void onCharacteristicRead(BluetoothGatt gatt,
BluetoothGattCharacteristic characteristic, int status) {
if (status == BluetoothGatt.GATT_SUCCESS) {
broadcastUpdate(ACTION_DATA_AVAILABLE, characteristic);
}
}
@Override
public void onCharacteristicChanged(BluetoothGatt gatt,
BluetoothGattCharacteristic characteristic) {
broadcastUpdate(ACTION_DATA_AVAILABLE, characteristic);
}
};
private void broadcastUpdate(final String action) {
final Intent intent = new Intent(action);
sendBroadcast(intent);
}
private void broadcastUpdate(final String action, int rssi) {
final Intent intent = new Intent(action);
intent.putExtra(EXTRA_DATA, String.valueOf(rssi));
sendBroadcast(intent);
}
private void broadcastUpdate(final String action,
final BluetoothGattCharacteristic characteristic) {
final Intent intent = new Intent(action);
// This is special handling for the Heart Rate Measurement profile. Data
// parsing is
// carried out as per profile specifications:
// http://developer.bluetooth.org/gatt/characteristics/Pages/CharacteristicViewer.aspx?u=org.bluetooth.characteristic.heart_rate_measurement.xml
if (UUID_BLE_SHIELD_RX.equals(characteristic.getUuid())) {
final byte[] rx = characteristic.getValue();
intent.putExtra(EXTRA_DATA, rx);
}
sendBroadcast(intent);
}
public class LocalBinder extends Binder {
RBLService getService() {
return RBLService.this;
}
}
@Override
public IBinder onBind(Intent intent) {
return mBinder;
}
@Override
public boolean onUnbind(Intent intent) {
// After using a given device, you should make sure that
// BluetoothGatt.close() is called
// such that resources are cleaned up properly. In this particular
// example, close() is
// invoked when the UI is disconnected from the Service.
close();
return super.onUnbind(intent);
}
private final IBinder mBinder = new LocalBinder();
/**
* Initializes a reference to the local Bluetooth adapter.
*
* @return Return true if the initialization is successful.
*/
public boolean initialize() {
// For API level 18 and above, get a reference to BluetoothAdapter
// through
// BluetoothManager.
if (mBluetoothManager == null) {
mBluetoothManager = (BluetoothManager) getSystemService(Context.BLUETOOTH_SERVICE);
if (mBluetoothManager == null) {
Log.e(TAG, "Unable to initialize BluetoothManager.");
return false;
}
}
mBluetoothAdapter = mBluetoothManager.getAdapter();
if (mBluetoothAdapter == null) {
Log.e(TAG, "Unable to obtain a BluetoothAdapter.");
return false;
}
return true;
}
/**
* Connects to the GATT server hosted on the Bluetooth LE device.
*
* @param address The device address of the destination device.
* @return Return true if the connection is initiated successfully. The
* connection result is reported asynchronously through the
* {@code BluetoothGattCallback#onConnectionStateChange(android.bluetooth.BluetoothGatt, int, int)}
* callback.
*/
public boolean connect(final String address) {
if (mBluetoothAdapter == null || address == null) {
Log.w(TAG,
"BluetoothAdapter not initialized or unspecified address.");
return false;
}
// Previously connected device. Try to reconnect.
if (mBluetoothDeviceAddress != null
&& address.equals(mBluetoothDeviceAddress)
&& mBluetoothGatt != null) {
Log.d(TAG,
"Trying to use an existing mBluetoothGatt for connection.");
if (mBluetoothGatt.connect()) {
return true;
} else {
return false;
}
}
final BluetoothDevice device = mBluetoothAdapter
.getRemoteDevice(address);
if (device == null) {
Log.w(TAG, "Device not found. Unable to connect.");
return false;
}
// We want to directly connect to the device, so we are setting the
// autoConnect
// parameter to false.
mBluetoothGatt = device.connectGatt(this, false, mGattCallback);
Log.d(TAG, "Trying to create a new connection.");
mBluetoothDeviceAddress = address;
return true;
}
/**
* Disconnects an existing connection or cancel a pending connection. The
* disconnection result is reported asynchronously through the
* {@code BluetoothGattCallback#onConnectionStateChange(android.bluetooth.BluetoothGatt, int, int)}
* callback.
*/
public void disconnect() {
if (mBluetoothAdapter == null || mBluetoothGatt == null) {
Log.w(TAG, "BluetoothAdapter not initialized");
return;
}
mBluetoothGatt.disconnect();
}
/**
* After using a given BLE device, the app must call this method to ensure
* resources are released properly.
*/
public void close() {
if (mBluetoothGatt == null) {
return;
}
mBluetoothGatt.close();
mBluetoothGatt = null;
}
/**
* Request a read on a given {@code BluetoothGattCharacteristic}. The read
* result is reported asynchronously through the
* {@code BluetoothGattCallback#onCharacteristicRead(android.bluetooth.BluetoothGatt, android.bluetooth.BluetoothGattCharacteristic, int)}
* callback.
*
* @param characteristic The characteristic to read from.
*/
public void readCharacteristic(BluetoothGattCharacteristic characteristic) {
if (mBluetoothAdapter == null || mBluetoothGatt == null) {
Log.w(TAG, "BluetoothAdapter not initialized");
return;
}
mBluetoothGatt.readCharacteristic(characteristic);
}
public void readRssi() {
if (mBluetoothAdapter == null || mBluetoothGatt == null) {
Log.w(TAG, "BluetoothAdapter not initialized");
return;
}
mBluetoothGatt.readRemoteRssi();
}
public void writeCharacteristic(BluetoothGattCharacteristic characteristic) {
if (mBluetoothAdapter == null || mBluetoothGatt == null) {
Log.w(TAG, "BluetoothAdapter not initialized");
return;
}
mBluetoothGatt.writeCharacteristic(characteristic);
}
/**
* Enables or disables notification on a give characteristic.
*
* @param characteristic Characteristic to act on.
* @param enabled If true, enable notification. False otherwise.
*/
public void setCharacteristicNotification(
BluetoothGattCharacteristic characteristic, boolean enabled) {
if (mBluetoothAdapter == null || mBluetoothGatt == null) {
Log.w(TAG, "BluetoothAdapter not initialized");
return;
}
mBluetoothGatt.setCharacteristicNotification(characteristic, enabled);
if (UUID_BLE_SHIELD_RX.equals(characteristic.getUuid())) {
BluetoothGattDescriptor descriptor = characteristic
.getDescriptor(UUID
.fromString(RBLGattAttributes.CLIENT_CHARACTERISTIC_CONFIG));
descriptor
.setValue(BluetoothGattDescriptor.ENABLE_NOTIFICATION_VALUE);
mBluetoothGatt.writeDescriptor(descriptor);
}
}
/**
* Retrieves a list of supported GATT services on the connected device. This
* should be invoked only after {@code BluetoothGatt#discoverServices()}
* completes successfully.
*
* @return A {@code List} of supported services.
*/
public BluetoothGattService getSupportedGattService() {
if (mBluetoothGatt == null)
return null;
return mBluetoothGatt.getService(UUID_BLE_SHIELD_SERVICE);
}
}和 list 文件:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
package="com.redbear.chat"
android:versionCode="1"
android:versionName="1.0" >
<uses-feature
android:name="android.hardware.bluetooth_le"
android:required="true" />
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.BLUETOOTH" />
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.BLUETOOTH_ADMIN" />
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE" />
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION" />
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION" />
<!-- Needed only if your app targets Android 5.0 (API level 21) or higher. -->
<uses-feature android:name="android.hardware.location.gps" />
<uses-feature android:name="android.hardware.location.network" />
<application
android:allowBackup="true"
android:icon="@drawable/redbear"
android:label="@string/app_name"
android:theme="@style/AppTheme" >
<activity
android:name="com.redbear.chat.Main"
android:label="@string/app_name"
android:screenOrientation="portrait" >
<intent-filter>
<action android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN" />
<category android:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" />
</intent-filter>
</activity>
<activity
android:name="com.redbear.chat.Chat"
android:screenOrientation="portrait"
android:windowSoftInputMode="stateHidden" >
</activity>
<activity
android:name=".Device"
android:theme="@android:style/Theme.Dialog" >
</activity>
<service
android:name="com.redbear.chat.RBLService"
android:enabled="true" />
</application>
</manifest>最佳答案
好的，问题不完全出在代码中。有一个错误，当您在 marshmallow(及以上？)上安装 from android studio 应用程序时，它不会授予或请求存储权限。我必须手动设置应用程序的权限然后它才能工作，因为部分代码因此而被阻止......
关于android - 使用 android api 23 及更多时，我没有发现蓝牙 gatt 服务，我们在Stack Overflow上找到一个类似的问题： https://stackoverflow.com/questions/54206774/