我正在开发 raspberry pi 和 android 应用程序，每次打开应用程序时，它都会在网络中搜索 raspberry pi，如果找到 raspberry pi，则进行进一步的操作，否则会向用户提供 aknwolegement。我只需要树莓派的 IP 地址来做进一步的处理。
解决方案的目的-
将树莓派 IP 地址设为静态 - 不适用，因为应用程序从 Play 商店分发并且无法访问路由器。
正在网络中搜索树莓派 - 正在处理这个问题。
我尝试使用 SSDP、DLNA、UPNP 协议(protocol)在树莓派上创建服务器，每次应用程序在线时在网络中搜索树莓派。
使用资源
- https://github.com/resourcepool/ssdp-client
- https://gist.github.com/ismaelgaudioso/4cff466459646e022332
- https://gist.githubusercontent.com/ismaelgaudioso/4cff466459646e022332/raw/2f9fb030790102c31bc656a960307028c28bad51/server.py
- https://www.javatips.net/api/serket-master/serket-ssdp/src/main/java/org/saintandreas/serket/ssdp/SSDPServer.java
这是我做的
private static final String tag = "SSDP";
private static final String query = "M-SEARCH * HTTP/1.1\r\n" + "HOST: 239.255.255.250:1900\r\n" + "MAN: \"ssdp:discover\"\r\n" + "MX: 1\r\n" +
//"ST: urn:schemas-upnp-org:device:MediaServer:1\r\n" +
"ST: ssdp:all\r\n"+
"\r\n";
private static final int port = 1900;
String request() {
String response = "";
byte[] sendData;
byte[] receiveData = new byte[1024];
sendData = query.getBytes();
DatagramPacket sendPacket = null;
try {
sendPacket = new DatagramPacket(sendData, sendData.length, InetAddress.getByName("239.255.255.250"), port);
} catch (UnknownHostException e) {
Log.d(tag, "Unknown Host Exception Thrown after creating DatagramPacket to send to server");
e.printStackTrace();
}
DatagramSocket clientSocket = null;
try {
clientSocket = new DatagramSocket();
} catch (SocketException e) {
Log.d(tag, "Socket Exception thrown when creating socket to transport data");
e.printStackTrace();
}
try {
if (clientSocket != null) {
clientSocket.setSoTimeout(50000);
clientSocket.send(sendPacket);
}
} catch (IOException e) {
Log.d(tag, "IOException thrown when sending data to socket");
e.printStackTrace();
}
DatagramPacket receivePacket = new DatagramPacket(receiveData, receiveData.length);
try {
if (clientSocket != null) {
clientSocket.receive(receivePacket);
}
} catch (IOException e) {
Log.d(tag, "IOException thrown when receiving data");
e.printStackTrace();
}
//the target package should not be empty
//try three times
for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
Log.d(tag, "Checking target package to see if its empty on iteration#: " + i);
response = new String(receivePacket.getData());
Log.d(tag, "Response contains: " + response);
if (response.contains("Location:")) {
break;
}
}
String adress = "";
//filter IP address from "Location"
Matcher ma = Pattern.compile("Location: (.*)").matcher(response);
if (ma.find()) {
adress += ma.group(1);
adress = adress.split("/")[2].split(":")[0];
}
return adress;
}
使用上述方法和解决方案，我每次都能找到路由器 IP 地址，但不是 pi。还浏览了我在互联网上可以找到但没有用的每个图书馆。除此方法外，如有其他建议将不胜感激。
最佳答案
现在我终于想出了解决方案，我将逐步分享我的答案。我正在使用 ssdp 协议(protocol)在 Pi 具有动态 IP 地址的网络上找出 Pi。所以我在 python 中创建了服务器并使用 android 作为客户端。让我们先从服务器开始 -
您还可以找到服务器脚本 https://github.com/ZeWaren/python-upnp-ssdp-example
from lib.ssdp import SSDPServer
from lib.upnp_http_server import UPNPHTTPServer
import uuid
import netifaces as ni
from time import sleep
import logging
NETWORK_INTERFACE = 'wlp2s0'
logger = logging.getLogger()
logger.setLevel(logging.DEBUG)
def get_network_interface_ip_address(interface='eth0'):
while True:
if NETWORK_INTERFACE not in ni.interfaces():
logger.error('Could not find interface %s.' % (interface,))
exit(1)
interface = ni.ifaddresses(interface)
if (2 not in interface) or (len(interface[2]) == 0):
logger.warning('Could not find IP of interface %s. Sleeping.' % (interface,))
sleep(60)
continue
return interface[2][0]['addr']
device_uuid = uuid.uuid4()
local_ip_address = get_network_interface_ip_address(NETWORK_INTERFACE)
http_server = UPNPHTTPServer(8088,
friendly_name="Personal Home",
manufacturer="Home Personal SAS",
manufacturer_url='http://www.example.com/',
model_description='Home Appliance 3000',
model_name="Personal",
model_number="3000",
model_url="http://www.example.com/en/prducts/personal-3000/",
serial_number="PER425133",
uuid=device_uuid,
presentation_url="http://{}:5000/".format(local_ip_address))
http_server.start()
ssdp = SSDPServer()
ssdp.register('local',
'uuid:{}::upnp:rootdevice'.format(device_uuid),
'urn:schemas-upnp-org:device:MediaServer:1',
'http://{}:8088/jambon-3000.xml'.format(local_ip_address))
ssdp.run()
这将为服务器脚本创建一个执行点。
import random
import time
import socket
import logging
from email.utils import formatdate
from errno import ENOPROTOOPT
SSDP_PORT = 1900
SSDP_ADDR = '239.255.255.250'
SERVER_ID = 'Personal Home SSDP Server'
logger = logging.getLogger()
class SSDPServer:
known = {}
def __init__(self):
self.sock = None
def run(self):
self.sock = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_DGRAM)
self.sock.setsockopt(socket.SOL_SOCKET, socket.SO_REUSEADDR, 1)
if hasattr(socket, "SO_REUSEPORT"):
try:
self.sock.setsockopt(socket.SOL_SOCKET, socket.SO_REUSEPORT, 1)
except socket.error as le:
# RHEL6 defines SO_REUSEPORT but it doesn't work
if le.errno == ENOPROTOOPT:
pass
else:
raise
addr = socket.inet_aton(SSDP_ADDR)
interface = socket.inet_aton('0.0.0.0')
cmd = socket.IP_ADD_MEMBERSHIP
self.sock.setsockopt(socket.IPPROTO_IP, cmd, addr + interface)
self.sock.bind(('0.0.0.0', SSDP_PORT))
self.sock.settimeout(1)
while True:
try:
data, addr = self.sock.recvfrom(1024)
self.datagram_received(data, addr)
except socket.timeout:
continue
self.shutdown()
def shutdown(self):
for st in self.known:
if self.known[st]['MANIFESTATION'] == 'local':
self.do_byebye(st)
def datagram_received(self, data, host_port):
"""Handle a received multicast datagram."""
(host, port) = host_port
try:
header, payload = data.decode().split('\r\n\r\n')[:2]
except ValueError as err:
logger.error(err)
return
lines = header.split('\r\n')
cmd = lines[0].split(' ')
lines = map(lambda x: x.replace(': ', ':', 1), lines[1:])
lines = filter(lambda x: len(x) > 0, lines)
headers = [x.split(':', 1) for x in lines]
headers = dict(map(lambda x: (x[0].lower(), x[1]), headers))
logger.info('SSDP command %s %s - from %s:%d' % (cmd[0], cmd[1], host, port))
logger.debug('with headers: {}.'.format(headers))
if cmd[0] == 'M-SEARCH' and cmd[1] == '*':
# SSDP discovery
self.discovery_request(headers, (host, port))
elif cmd[0] == 'NOTIFY' and cmd[1] == '*':
# SSDP presence
logger.debug('NOTIFY *')
else:
logger.warning('Unknown SSDP command %s %s' % (cmd[0], cmd[1]))
def register(self, manifestation, usn, st, location, server=SERVER_ID, cache_control='max-age=1800', silent=False,
host=None):
"""Register a service or device that this SSDP server will
respond to."""
logging.info('Registering %s (%s)' % (st, location))
self.known[usn] = {}
self.known[usn]['USN'] = usn
self.known[usn]['LOCATION'] = location
self.known[usn]['ST'] = st
self.known[usn]['EXT'] = ''
self.known[usn]['SERVER'] = server
self.known[usn]['CACHE-CONTROL'] = cache_control
self.known[usn]['MANIFESTATION'] = manifestation
self.known[usn]['SILENT'] = silent
self.known[usn]['HOST'] = host
self.known[usn]['last-seen'] = time.time()
if manifestation == 'local' and self.sock:
self.do_notify(usn)
def unregister(self, usn):
logger.info("Un-registering %s" % usn)
del self.known[usn]
def is_known(self, usn):
return usn in self.known
def send_it(self, response, destination, delay, usn):
logger.debug('send discovery response delayed by %ds for %s to %r' % (delay, usn, destination))
try:
self.sock.sendto(response.encode(), destination)
except (AttributeError, socket.error) as msg:
logger.warning("failure sending out byebye notification: %r" % msg)
def discovery_request(self, headers, host_port):
"""Process a discovery request. The response must be sent to
the address specified by (host, port)."""
(host, port) = host_port
logger.info('Discovery request from (%s,%d) for %s' % (host, port, headers['st']))
logger.info('Discovery request for %s' % headers['st'])
# Do we know about this service?
for i in self.known.values():
if i['MANIFESTATION'] == 'remote':
continue
if headers['st'] == 'ssdp:all' and i['SILENT']:
continue
if i['ST'] == headers['st'] or headers['st'] == 'ssdp:all':
response = ['HTTP/1.1 200 OK']
usn = None
for k, v in i.items():
if k == 'USN':
usn = v
if k not in ('MANIFESTATION', 'SILENT', 'HOST'):
response.append('%s: %s' % (k, v))
if usn:
response.append('DATE: %s' % formatdate(timeval=None, localtime=False, usegmt=True))
response.extend(('', ''))
delay = random.randint(0, int(headers['mx']))
self.send_it('\r\n'.join(response), (host, port), delay, usn)
def do_notify(self, usn):
"""Do notification"""
if self.known[usn]['SILENT']:
return
logger.info('Sending alive notification for %s' % usn)
resp = [
'NOTIFY * HTTP/1.1',
'HOST: %s:%d' % (SSDP_ADDR, SSDP_PORT),
'NTS: ssdp:alive',
]
stcpy = dict(self.known[usn].items())
stcpy['NT'] = stcpy['ST']
del stcpy['ST']
del stcpy['MANIFESTATION']
del stcpy['SILENT']
del stcpy['HOST']
del stcpy['last-seen']
resp.extend(map(lambda x: ': '.join(x), stcpy.items()))
resp.extend(('', ''))
logger.debug('do_notify content', resp)
try:
self.sock.sendto('\r\n'.join(resp).encode(), (SSDP_ADDR, SSDP_PORT))
self.sock.sendto('\r\n'.join(resp).encode(), (SSDP_ADDR, SSDP_PORT))
except (AttributeError, socket.error) as msg:
logger.warning("failure sending out alive notification: %r" % msg)
def do_byebye(self, usn):
"""Do byebye"""
logger.info('Sending byebye notification for %s' % usn)
resp = [
'NOTIFY * HTTP/1.1',
'HOST: %s:%d' % (SSDP_ADDR, SSDP_PORT),
'NTS: ssdp:byebye',
]
try:
stcpy = dict(self.known[usn].items())
stcpy['NT'] = stcpy['ST']
del stcpy['ST']
del stcpy['MANIFESTATION']
del stcpy['SILENT']
del stcpy['HOST']
del stcpy['last-seen']
resp.extend(map(lambda x: ': '.join(x), stcpy.items()))
resp.extend(('', ''))
logger.debug('do_byebye content', resp)
if self.sock:
try:
self.sock.sendto('\r\n'.join(resp), (SSDP_ADDR, SSDP_PORT))
except (AttributeError, socket.error) as msg:
logger.error("failure sending out byebye notification: %r" % msg)
except KeyError as msg:
logger.error("error building byebye notification: %r" % msg)
一个实现 SSDP 服务器的类。 notify_received 和 searchReceived 方法在适当的类型时被调用 服务器收到数据报。
from http.server import BaseHTTPRequestHandler, HTTPServer
import threading
PORT_NUMBER = 8080
class UPNPHTTPServerHandler(BaseHTTPRequestHandler):
# Handler for the GET requests
def do_GET(self):
if self.path == '/boucherie_wsd.xml':
self.send_response(200)
self.send_header('Content-type', 'application/xml')
self.end_headers()
self.wfile.write(self.get_wsd_xml().encode())
return
if self.path == '/jambon-3000.xml':
self.send_response(200)
self.send_header('Content-type', 'application/xml')
self.end_headers()
self.wfile.write(self.get_device_xml().encode())
return
else:
self.send_response(404)
self.send_header('Content-type', 'text/html')
self.end_headers()
self.wfile.write(b"Not found.")
return
def get_device_xml(self):
"""
Get the main device descriptor xml file.
"""
xml = """<root>
<specVersion>
<major>1</major>
<minor>0</minor>
</specVersion>
<device>
<deviceType>urn:schemas-upnp-org:device:Basic:1</deviceType>
<friendlyName>{friendly_name}</friendlyName>
<manufacturer>{manufacturer}</manufacturer>
<manufacturerURL>{manufacturer_url}</manufacturerURL>
<modelDescription>{model_description}</modelDescription>
<modelName>{model_name}</modelName>
<modelNumber>{model_number}</modelNumber>
<modelURL>{model_url}</modelURL>
<serialNumber>{serial_number}</serialNumber>
<UDN>uuid:{uuid}</UDN>
<serviceList>
<service>
<URLBase>http://xxx.yyy.zzz.aaaa:5000</URLBase>
<serviceType>urn:boucherie.example.com:service:Jambon:1</serviceType>
<serviceId>urn:boucherie.example.com:serviceId:Jambon</serviceId>
<controlURL>/jambon</controlURL>
<eventSubURL/>
<SCPDURL>/boucherie_wsd.xml</SCPDURL>
</service>
</serviceList>
<presentationURL>{presentation_url}</presentationURL>
</device>
</root>"""
return xml.format(friendly_name=self.server.friendly_name,
manufacturer=self.server.manufacturer,
manufacturer_url=self.server.manufacturer_url,
model_description=self.server.model_description,
model_name=self.server.model_name,
model_number=self.server.model_number,
model_url=self.server.model_url,
serial_number=self.server.serial_number,
uuid=self.server.uuid,
presentation_url=self.server.presentation_url)
@staticmethod
def get_wsd_xml():
"""
Get the device WSD file.
"""
return """<scpd xmlns="urn:schemas-upnp-org:service-1-0">
<specVersion>
<major>1</major>
<minor>0</minor>
</specVersion>
</scpd>"""
class UPNPHTTPServerBase(HTTPServer):
"""
A simple HTTP server that knows the information about a UPnP device.
"""
def __init__(self, server_address, request_handler_class):
HTTPServer.__init__(self, server_address, request_handler_class)
self.port = None
self.friendly_name = None
self.manufacturer = None
self.manufacturer_url = None
self.model_description = None
self.model_name = None
self.model_url = None
self.serial_number = None
self.uuid = None
self.presentation_url = None
class UPNPHTTPServer(threading.Thread):
"""
A thread that runs UPNPHTTPServerBase.
"""
def __init__(self, port, friendly_name, manufacturer, manufacturer_url, model_description, model_name,
model_number, model_url, serial_number, uuid, presentation_url):
threading.Thread.__init__(self, daemon=True)
self.server = UPNPHTTPServerBase(('', port), UPNPHTTPServerHandler)
self.server.port = port
self.server.friendly_name = friendly_name
self.server.manufacturer = manufacturer
self.server.manufacturer_url = manufacturer_url
self.server.model_description = model_description
self.server.model_name = model_name
self.server.model_number = model_number
self.server.model_url = model_url
self.server.serial_number = serial_number
self.server.uuid = uuid
self.server.presentation_url = presentation_url
def run(self):
self.server.serve_forever()
为 UPnP XML 文件提供服务的 HTTP 处理程序。 让我们使用 android 在网络上扫描 Pi。
private static final String tag = "SearchPi";
private static final String query = "M-SEARCH * HTTP/1.1\r\n" + "HOST: 239.255.255.250:1900\r\n" + "MAN: \"ssdp:discover\"\r\n" + "MX: 1\r\n" +
"ST: urn:schemas-upnp-org:device:MediaServer:1\r\n" +
//"ST: ssdp:all\r\n" +
"\r\n";
private static final int port = 1900;
现在让我们创建一个新的 asyncTask，因为它是网络相关的进程，并在 asyncTask 中添加以下代码
String response = "";
byte[] sendData;
byte[] receiveData = new byte[1024];
sendData = query.getBytes();
DatagramPacket sendPacket = null;
try {
sendPacket = new DatagramPacket(sendData, sendData.length, InetAddress.getByName("239.255.255.250"), port);
} catch (UnknownHostException e) {
Log.d(tag, "Unknown Host Exception Thrown after creating DatagramPacket to send to server");
e.printStackTrace();
}
DatagramSocket clientSocket = null;
try {
clientSocket = new DatagramSocket();
} catch (SocketException e) {
Log.d(tag, "Socket Exception thrown when creating socket to transport data");
e.printStackTrace();
}
try {
if (clientSocket != null) {
clientSocket.setSoTimeout(1000);
clientSocket.send(sendPacket);
}
} catch (IOException e) {
Log.d(tag, "IOException thrown when sending data to socket");
e.printStackTrace();
}
DatagramPacket receivePacket = new DatagramPacket(receiveData, receiveData.length);
try {
if (clientSocket != null) {
clientSocket.receive(receivePacket);
}
} catch (IOException e) {
Log.d(tag, "IOException thrown when receiving data");
e.printStackTrace();
}
for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
response = new String(receivePacket.getData());
Log.d(tag, "Response contains: " + response);
if (response.contains("/jambon-3000.xml")) {
Log.d("logCat", receivePacket.getAddress().toString());
break;
}
else {
Log.d("logCat", "Popz! Pi not found");
}
}
使用上面的代码，您还可以在 Pi 上创建媒体服务器。
关于android - 使用 Android 在网络上搜索树莓派，我们在Stack Overflow上找到一个类似的问题： https://stackoverflow.com/questions/57957090/