python - 使用 NLTK 的高效术语文档矩阵

Question

我正在尝试使用 NLTK 和 pandas 创建术语文档矩阵。 我写了以下函数:

def fnDTM_Corpus(xCorpus):
    import pandas as pd
    '''to create a Term Document Matrix from a NLTK Corpus'''
    fd_list = []
    for x in range(0, len(xCorpus.fileids())):
        fd_list.append(nltk.FreqDist(xCorpus.words(xCorpus.fileids()[x])))
    DTM = pd.DataFrame(fd_list, index = xCorpus.fileids())
    DTM.fillna(0,inplace = True)
    return DTM.T

运行它

import nltk
from nltk.corpus import PlaintextCorpusReader
corpus_root = 'C:/Data/'

newcorpus = PlaintextCorpusReader(corpus_root, '.*')

x = fnDTM_Corpus(newcorpus)

它适用于语料库中的几个小文件，但当我尝试使用包含 4,000 个文件(每个文件约 2 kb)的语料库运行它时，它会给我一个MemoryError。

我错过了什么吗？

我正在使用 32 位 python。 (我在 Windows 7、64 位操作系统、Core Quad CPU、8 GB RAM 上)。对于这种大小的语料库，我真的需要使用 64 位吗？

Answer 1

我知道 OP 想在 NLTK 中创建一个 tdm，但是 textmining 包(pip install textmining)让它变得非常简单:

import textmining
    
# Create some very short sample documents
doc1 = 'John and Bob are brothers.'
doc2 = 'John went to the store. The store was closed.'
doc3 = 'Bob went to the store too.'

# Initialize class to create term-document matrix
tdm = textmining.TermDocumentMatrix()

# Add the documents
tdm.add_doc(doc1)
tdm.add_doc(doc2)
tdm.add_doc(doc3)

# Write matrix file -- cutoff=1 means words in 1+ documents are retained
tdm.write_csv('matrix.csv', cutoff=1)

# Instead of writing the matrix, access its rows directly
for row in tdm.rows(cutoff=1):
    print row

输出:

['and', 'the', 'brothers', 'to', 'are', 'closed', 'bob', 'john', 'was', 'went', 'store', 'too']
[1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0]
[0, 2, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 2, 0]
[0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1]

或者，可以使用 pandas 和 sklearn [source] :

import pandas as pd
from sklearn.feature_extraction.text import CountVectorizer

docs = ['why hello there', 'omg hello pony', 'she went there? omg']
vec = CountVectorizer()
X = vec.fit_transform(docs)
df = pd.DataFrame(X.toarray(), columns=vec.get_feature_names())
print(df)

输出:

   hello  omg  pony  she  there  went  why
0      1    0     0    0      1     0    1
1      1    1     1    0      0     0    0
2      0    1     0    1      1     1    0